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psychological effects of rape
Only six psychological effects of rape
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Introduction
Any disparity in power makes physical and sexual maltreatment more probable. This is mainly true in the extensive prevalence of rape during the time of the Second World War.
Sexual maltreatment, in the form of rape, inflicted on the Filipino comfort women during the war are considered as an offense of crime against humanity. However, it remained unreported and unrecognized years after the war.
Rape is identified as criminal sexual intercourse without the consent of the victim. Even so, given all the consequences of rape for victims, this definition is rather limited . Investigations into psychological consequences of rape in the Filipino comfort women were found that it produced psychological difficulties, such as depression, social phobia, sexual dysfunctions, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The impact of rape has gone far beyond the immediate effects of the physical attack and has long-lasting consequences.
Demographic Characteristics
Some of the women were as young as ten years of age. These women were often either tricked by offers of legitimate employment or abducted from their homes or streets by Japanese soldiers and forced into so-called comfort houses.
The names and towns differed among tales, but the accounts of perversion and torture remained chillingly consistent.
Rape characteristics
Many of the women were taken forcibly by Japanese soldiers while in their home. A few were taken while they were at home while a few were either working; or running an errand for their parents. Many of them were still single but there were other married women. A woman from Bicol was asleep when the Japanese came to their village and rounded up all men and young women and were taken in the elementary sch...
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Beginning in March of 1942, in the midst of World War II, over 100,000 Japanese-Americans were forcefully removed from their homes and ordered to relocate to several of what the United States has euphemistically labeled “internment camps.” In Farewell to Manzanar, Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston describes in frightening detail her family’s experience of confinement for three and a half years during the war. In efforts to cope with the mortification and dehumanization and the boredom they were facing, the Wakatsukis and other Japanese-Americans participated in a wide range of activities. The children, before a structured school system was organized, generally played sports or made trouble; some adults worked for extremely meager wages, while others refused and had hobbies, and others involved themselves in more self-destructive activities.
Tanaka, Toshiyuki. Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution during World War II and the US Occupation. London: Routledge, 2002. Print.
...direct assistance of a male. In Japan’s Comfort Women, the “weakness” of women is seen again. Rape and sexual trade became a power play by individual men all the way up to the highest levels of government. But it was also a story of strength and courage on the part of victimized women. The Pacific War changed many things in Japan and the evolution of those institutions of Japanese society happened rapidly. The changes, however drastic, however gruesome, however sorrowful, were what shaped the history and future of Japan.
The current criteria for assessment of PTSD is only suitable if criterion A is met. Every symptom must be bound to the traumatic event through temporal and/or contextual evidence. The DSM-5 stipulates that to qualify, the symptoms must begin (criterion B or C) or worsen (symptom D and E) after the traumatic event. Even though symptoms must be linked to a traumatic event, this linking does not imply causality or etiology (Pai, 2017, p.4). The changes made with the DSM-5 included increasing the number of symptom groups from three to four and the number of symptoms from 17 to 20. The symptom groups are intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and
In December 1941, the government conscripted single women aged 20-30 as auxiliaries to the Armed Forces, Civil Defense, or war industries… Government figures show that women’s employment increased during the Second World War from about 5.1 million in 1939 (26%) to just over 7.25 million in 1943 (36% of all women of working age). Forty six percent of all women aged between 14 and 59, and 90% of all able-bodied single women between the ages of 18 and 40 were engaged in some form of work or National Service by September 1943. (Anitha)
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is defined by our book, Abnormal Psychology, as “an extreme response to a severe stressor, including increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal.” In the diagnosis of PTSD, a person must have experienced an serious trauma; including “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.” In the DSM-5, symptoms for PTSD are grouped in four categories. First being intrusively reexperiencing the traumatic event. The person may have recurring memories of the event and may be intensely upset by reminders of the event. Secondly, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, either internally or externally. Third, signs of mood and cognitive change after the trauma. This includes blaming the self or others for the event and feeling detached from others. The last category is symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity. The person may experience self-destructive behavior and sleep disturbance. The person must have 1 symptom from the first category, 1 from the second, at least 2 from the third, and at least 2 from the fourth. The symptoms began or worsened after the trauma(s) and continued for at least one
Some Japanese women joined United States to reunite with their husbands while others journeyed as newlyweds with their husbands who had gone to Japan to get wives. Also, others came alone as brides to join Issei men who avoided excessive travel costs or army conscription. After settling down, these women were met with uncommon food, clothing, c...
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"NIMH • What Are the Symptoms of PTSD?" NIMH • Home. Web. 01 Mar. 2011. .
This paper is a review of the book Japan’s Comfort Women-Sexual slavery and prostitution during WWII and the US occupation by Yuki Tanaka. This book was published in 2002 by Routledge. The book deals with the thousands of Japanese, Korean, Chinese and other Asian and European women who were victims of organized sexual violence and prostitution by means of “comfort stations” setup by the Japanese military during World War II.
As awareness of women’s rights is increasing, atrocities of the Japanese Imperial Army are unveiling. “Comfort women” is sexual slavery system that was utilized by the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II. Due to pervious traumatic experiences and inputs they had, the struggle of former sex slaves for their rights and justice started in 1991, which is still continuing in present times. While they are declaring that Japanese Imperial Military trampled on their rights, some Japanese officials claim that Japan did not intrude the girls in the past. Regardless of irresponsible reactions from some governors, the Japanese government should give compensations and thorough apologies to former sex slaves who were enslaved as being “comfort women” during WWII because of relationships between Japan and other damaged nations, former sex slave and women’s continuous fight for their rights, and possible repetition of this big mistake due to lack of education.
Webster’s Dictionary describes rape as the crime of forcing another person to submit to sex acts, especially sexual intercourse. Rape is a crime in which most women cannot defend themselves. The fear of rape plagues every woman at some point or another in her life. The traumatic effects of rape vary from mild to severe, from psychological to physical. This paper will evaluate rape, as well as the effects it has on women, the theory behind male dominance and patriarchy, and differences in demographics.