Given that the purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the processes of tourism planning in government sustainability policies and planning and their subsequent effectiveness, a qualitative approach was employed. The study used the non-probability sampling design to collect data from tourism local authorities and agencies. As Kelley, Clark, Brown, & Sitzia (2003) rightly observed the purposive sampling technique was found to be adequate and appropriate for such a survey research. In view of the facts given above, the purposive sampling method was adopted. Interview guides and questionnaires were the instruments used for data collection. The interviews and questionnaire administration was made to local authorities government tourism agencies (MTENR/ZAWA/ZEMA), local Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM), and consultants. In addition institutions related to the Zambian tourism industry were also contacted for requisite information and data. To be able to capture a significant number of tourism planners in the population sample, data was collected from tourism agencies at the Lusaka Ministry of Tourism Environment Natural and Resources, Zambia Wildlife Authority in Lusaka’s Chilanga headquarters, Zambia Tourism Board Lusaka and Regional Local ZAWA branch in Livingstone (Mosi-oa-Tunya) area.Local Livingstone greater area communities leaders of Community Resources Boards (CBR) agencies and popular lodges, tourism enterprises and guesthouses in Livingstone form the local community. The research was conducted from the month of November 2012 until, April, 2013. A total of 85 questionnaires were filled in for this particular study, 9 in-depth face to face interviews were carried out with persons involved in the po...
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...o assist in categorisation of respondents. However, recognising the small sample specific population involved in this survey, a range of open questions were included to generate a source of more qualitative, explanatory information that can add a richer dimension to understanding responses. Hence, the fieldwork aimed to interview representatives of the major groups. It was designed using a series of semi-structured interviews with key actors. Bartlett et al (2001) explained the criterion used to determine sample size is an important issue in research. The study uses descriptive data analysis and explanation, and the use of appropriate theory to help explain events (Attia 1999, Helmy 1999). However, the study does not aim to answer a policy question or solve a pressing social problem, but rather explain the causes and consequences of planning and policy decisions.
Teye, Victor, Ercan Sirakaya, and Sevil F. Sönmez. "Residents' Attitudes toward Tourism Development." Annals of Tourism Research 29.3 (2002): 668-88. Science Direct. Web.
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
The articles, published after 1996, contain varied methods of research attainment, but share similarities such as being a self-survey, having a small sample size, and being
Additionally, subjective data could be objectified by the qualitative data found. However, limitations which have affected the validity of the information was found. As the census obtained is 5 years old, this results in the comparison between the qualitative and quantitative data not being up-to-date, and the observations made from the quantitative data on social stratification is not current. Also, the data is summative, taken at a certain point in time, where outlying factors could be
Once all our interviews had concluded we re-wrote all the questions that we had asked our four respondents comparing them by using a table. From this it was easier to compare and contrast answers, assisting us in our search for re-occurring themes or major differences. For the purpose of anonymity the sample will be referred to as W, X, Y and Z.
In this paper, I will define quantitative and qualitative research methods and provide examples in the context of social issues which will hopefully provide insight into how this methods are properly applied.
There are number of reasons for tourism development agencies, in both the public and private sectors, to develop pro-poor tourism strategies as a priority agenda in practice. The two main reasons are suggested as
AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL TERM PAPER ON MANAGING DIVERISTY IN TOURISM INDUSTRY SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: RICHA GOEL ABHIMANYU MALIK FACULTY GUIDE BBA-IB 2014-2017 A1833314049. DECLARATION I, Abhimanyu Malik, hereby declare that the term paper report entitled “MANAGING DIVERSITY IN TOURISM INDUSTRY” that I have submitted is original. I was regularly in contact with the nominated guide for the discussion of the project report. DATE OF PROJECT SUBMISSION:.
The literature provides a variety of definitions for responsible tourism and the most common was the one that was officialized in Cape Town Conference which was organized by the Responsible Tourism Partnership and Western Cape Tourism alongside the World Summit on Sustainable Development. It was agreed by 280 delegates from 20 countries which included inbound and outbound tour operator, national park management, provincial conservation authorities, tourism authorities, non- governmental organizations (NGO) and other tourism stakeholders.
Surveys are an effective and popular method for research because of the efficiency, versatility and generalizability. Generalizability is the ability to sample and draw research conclusions for large populations (Bachman & Schutt, 2012). In order to effectively maximize outcomes in survey research, surveys must be structured to avoid unclear or confusing questions. Demographic related questions should be avoided if not pertinent to the research study (Bachman & Schutt, 2012). Generally, the motivation of the researcher is clearly identified in a survey, and the respondent has the option of declining involvement in the survey. There are fewer ethical dilemmas with survey research than other types of research methods.
Long, P. T., & Nuckolls, J. S. (1994). Organising resources for rural tourism development: the importance of leadership, planning and technical assistance. Tourism Recreation Research, 19(2), 19-34.
that a lot of people would think about environmental impact like about something boring. I
With global changes, various impacts of tourism are observed in a clear way now. Butler (1999, p.8) asserts that “if there is a single factor that has the potential to change the nature of tourism more than any other, it is the introduction of the concept of sustainable development” because it promises fundamental changes in the components of tourism. The concept of ‘sustainable development’ has been long recognized together with 1987 WCED Brutland Report, Our Common Future, which was commissioned by the United Nations (UN). It indicates that a sole economic success is not sufficient for the longevity of resources; that it is only plausible with intergenerational equity as well as intragenerational equity (Finnetty, 2001; Tosun, 2001; Macbeth, 2005). Here, sustainable development was explained as: "development that meets the needs of the present without
The World Tourism Organization has endorsed that a small island should follow the sustainable tourism development guidelines. This is because small size of Small Island may get environmentally impacts by tourism industry. ( Baldacchino, 2004; Briguglio & Briguglio, 2005 ). Furthermore, due to the natural environmental characteristic of a Small Island, strategies to develop sustainability are always discussed to maintain the balance between economic and environment ( Briguglio & Briguglio, 2005 ). Based on the characteristic above, Perhentian Islands contain of natural environmental characteristics. Thus, the environmental characteristics were studied in order to understand the challenges in Perhentian Island as a small Island. Other than environmental issue, limited economic resource base is one of the issues. Therefore, tourism is a tool for Small Island for widen their economies ( Croes, 2005 ).
“A stakeholder is anyone who participates in the project or who will be affected by the results of the project, and may include…people and groups within and outside of the organization” (Brown & Hyer, 2010, p.107-108). In the article, “Stakeholders’ Contribution in Sustainable Tourism” A. Kadi, M. Jaafar, & F. Hassan (2015) seeks to explain how tourism stakeholders affect tourism destinations and the need for collaboration between all the stakeholders. After reading the article, I found that the findings supported how the stakeholders influenced tourism and the packages offered through economic impact on tourism destinations in which Kadi, Jaafar, & Hassan attempt to make known through highlighting the issues and challenges in the tourism industry.