Table of Contents
Nutrition Therapy 1
Nutrition Consult 1
Meal planning 2
Body Weight Considerations 2
Psychosocial support. 3
Calorie Intake 4
Nutrient Composition of the Diet 4
Fat Intake 5
Carbohydrate Intake 6
Sucrose 6
Fructose 6
Vitamins and Minerals 7
Alcohol Intake 7
References 8
Nutrition Therapy
The most fundamental component of the diabetes treatment plan for all patients with type II diabetes is medical nutrition therapy. Specific goals of nutrition therapy in type II diabetes are to:[1]
Achieve and maintain as near-normal blood glucose levels as possible by balancing food intake with physical activity, supplemented by oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin (endogenous or exogenous) as needed
Normalize blood pressure
Normalize serum lipid levels
Help patients attain and maintain a reasonable body weight (defined as the weight an individual and health-care provider acknowledge as possible to achieve and maintain on a short- and long-term basis)
Promote overall health through optimal nutrition and lifestyle behaviors.
Because no single dietary approach is appropriate for all patients, given the heterogeneous nature of type II diabetes, meal plans and diet modifications should be individualized to meet a patient's unique needs and lifestyle. Accordingly, any nutrition intervention should be based on a thorough assessment of a patient's typical food intake and eating habits and should include an evaluation of current nutritional status.
Some patients with mild-to-moderate diabetes can be effectively treated with an appropriate balance of diet modification and exercise as the sole therapeutic intervention, particularly if their fasting blood glucose level is < 200 mg/dL. The majority of patients, however, will require pharmacologic intervention in addition to diet and exercise prescriptions. It is important to note that ...
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...ng insulin or sulfonylureas are susceptible to hypoglycemia if alcohol is consumed on an empty stomach. Therefore, these individuals should make sure to take any desired alcohol with a meal. Patients with diabetes and coexisting medical problems such as pancreatitis, dyslipidemis, or neuropathy may need to reduce or abstain from alcohol intake.
References
American Diabetes Association. Medical Management of Non-insulin-dependent (Type II) Diabetes, 3rd ed. Alexandria, Va: American Diabetes Association; 1994:22-39.
American Diabetes Association. Diabetes 1996 Vital Statistics. Alexandria, Va: American Diabetes Association; 1996.
Davidson MB. Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis and Treatment, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1991:35-93.
Henry RR. Protein content of the diabetic diet. Diabetes Care. 1994;17:1502-1513.
Mudaliar SR, Henry RR. Role of glycemic control and protein restriction in clinical management of diabetic kidney disease. Endocr Pract. 1996;2:220-226.
American Diabetes Association. Clinical practice recommendations 1995. Position statement: nutrition recommendations and principles for people with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1995;18(suppl 1):16-19.
Doctors suggest to the individuals that they should change lifestyle choices, such as an increase in physical activity, a healthier diet and to quit smoking if the individual smokes. These choices are recommended to individuals that are overweight and may be pre-diabetic. Overweight individuals are at a higher risk of contracting Type 2 Diabetes, they are advised to maintain a healthy diet and participate in regular physical activity. Doctors may refer the individual to a dietician to discuss meal options. Losing weight allows the reduction of blood glucose levels in an individual. Any health care professional is able to suggest this treatment to the individual and is mainly carried out through an appointment in a GP surgery or hospital (Patient, 2014). The diet should consist of healthy eating, cutting out a lot of fatty foods and eating a low carb diet. Exercise needs to be regular to ensure that blood sugar levels are kept under
Moutzouri E, Tsimihodimos V, Rizos E, Elisaf M. Prediabetes: To treat or not to treat. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2011;672:9-19.
For this evaluation of a clinical practice guideline I chose to evaluate a guideline that was published in 2012 and that addressed the use of oral medication in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (Appendix B). People who have received a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are facing a long term treatment plan. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that results from a problem with insulin in the body. T2DM is growing in prevalence and is a cause for concern. There are several co-morbidities that can be linked to poorly controlled blood sugar levels such as cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure, and a decrease in eyesight. If blood sugar levels can be maintained at a normal to near normal limits the patient has a decreased risk of experiencing these comorbidities. Because of this it is important for the healthcare practitioner to evaluate all treatment methods available and the evidence that supports the efficacy of recommending this treatment to our patients. I used the AGREE II tool in evaluation of this guideline (Appendix A).
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of the endocrine system primarily differentiated between type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin and was previously seen in the younger generation which is no longer the case.1 Type 2 diabetes is the more prevalent of the two types and involves elevated blood sugar levels due to the insufficient production of insulin. Risk factors that make an individual higher risk for type 2 diabetes include increasing age, obesity, family history, a sedentary lifestyle.1,2 Innovative drug therapies for type 2 diabetes remain important for the treatment and reduction of the disease.
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetic Association. (2003). Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 26, 3160-3167. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3160
According to the CDC, diabetes is becoming more common and has more than tripled from 1980 through 2011, from 5.6 million to 20.9 million (Diabetes public health resource, 2013). Type two diabetes can be managed through diet and exercise. Type two diabetes is a condition formerly called ‘adult-onset’ or ‘non insulin-dependent’ where the body doesn’t
Guinness takes a subtle approach in numerous ads and this particular one mimicked a shaving cream ad called Burma- Shave. Burma –Shave was popular from 1927- 1963. The company used road- signs consecutively, that appear to have a fragment of a message on them that focus the reader’s attention to the message of the ad. Heineken is very direct and to the point with many of their ads, displaying their product as a fun and enjoyable beverage, a beer mostly seen at parties. This Heineken ad is straight forward with their message stating that Heineken was made to entertain like many of their ads. Heineken is very popular and has been around since the 1940s, so this brand does not necessarily have to focus on presenting their
As of the year 2011, 28.8 million people living in the United States were suffering from diabetes. This accounts for 8.3% of the US population (CDC, 2011). While this number may seem small, diabetes is a rapidly growing disease that needs a solution given that it is the seventh leading cause of death. According to the American Diabetes Association, (A.D.A.), diabetes is a condition in which the pancreas is unable to produce the amount of insulin needed to convert food, sugars, and starches to energy for the body. Therefore, the blood sugar levels rise, also known as hyperglycemia. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is commonly found in children or young adults and only makes up 5% of diabetes cases. A person with Type 1 diabetes does not produce insulin at all. Type 2 diabetes is the more common form of the disease. People who struggle...
8. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. 1997. Diabetes Care, Volume 20. No. 7: p.1183-1197.
Narzarko, L. 2011. Current treatment of type 2 diabetese. Nursing and Residential Care. 13(11), 530-532.
Diabetes affects 18.2 million people in the United States. It is often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus and described as, “… a metabolic disease in which the person has high blood sugar …” (Collazo- Clavell et all. 2009), either because the insulin is inadequate or the body’s cells don’t respond well to the insulin. The health and economic consequences of diabetes are considerable. The majority of people that have diabetes live in low and middle income countries, where the prevalence of the disease is high. There are three types of diabetes that are called type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Although diabetes is a disorder, it can lead to other diseases such as heart attack, kidney failure or death. A person that has diabetes has to maintain a healthy lifestyle, by eating the right diet, controlling their blood sugar level, and be optimistic.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ways in which a person can prevent the progression of pre-diabetes into Type II Diabetes. Through proper diet including a reduced amount of calories per meal, decreased amounts of saturated fat and refined sugar, and implementation of portion control, one can significantly reduce body weight and BMI. By engaging in PA as few as three times and as many as six times per week, one can decrease their cholesterol, weight, blood pressure, and increase HDL levels in the blood, thus improving heart health. Teaching people who are at an increased risk of developing T2D in their lifetime due to genetics, sedentary lifestyle, and/or poor diet is a large factor in the prevention of T2D. It is going to be
Mongin-Bulewski, C. (2011). Evidence-based nutrition guidelines for diabetes management. Nurse Prescribing, 9(5), 214-216. Retrieved from EBSCOhost database.
The recommendation is to emphasize finding a customized eating plan based on the personal needs, cultural preferences, and the ability to access to healthful selections. The primary goal of the modified diet therapy is to improve health by providing calories for normal development and growth while achieving and maintaining ideal glycemia and normalizing dyslipidemia. So, diets are often altered with respect to the amount of carbohydrate, the type of fat, and the type of protein to meet these needs of everyone (Bajaj, 2018). Nutrition is a huge part of the management of diabetes and providing proper wound healing
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance or both reasons. (1) According to that diabetes mellitus can be divided as type I and type II. This is common and its incidence is rising, 171 million people had diabetes in 2000 it is expected this condition to be doubled in 2030. It is spread in all the countries and therefore has become a major burden upon healthcare facilities. (2)