Historical Analysis of the Military Draft Policy
The Constitution adopted in 1789 gave Congress the "power to raise and support armies," but it neither mentioned nor prohibited conscription. The Framers left that issue to the future, although most of them believed that the United States like Britain would enlist its men rather than conscript them, and would pay for its armies through the power to tax. Not until World War I did the United States rely primarily upon conscription. The Selective Service Act of 1917 was adopted in large part because a civilian-led "preparedness" movement had persuaded many Americans that a selective national draft was the most equitable and efficient way for an industrial society to raise a wartime army. Woodrow Wilson overcame considerable opposition, particularly from agrarian isolationists in the South and West and ethnic and ideological opponents of the war in the North, to obtain the temporary wartime draft. (Berger 1981)
For more than 50 years, Selective Service and the registration requirement for America's young men have served as a backup system to provide manpower to the U.S. Armed Forces. President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 which created the country's first peacetime draft and formally established the Selective Service System as an independent Federal agency. From 1948 until 1973, during both peacetime and periods of conflict, men were drafted to fill vacancies in the armed forces which could not be filled through voluntary means. (Gerhardt 1971)
A lottery drawing - the first since 1942 - was held on December 1, 1969, at Selective Service National Headquarters in Washington, D.C. This event determined the order of call for induction during calendar year 1970, that is, for registrants born between January 1, 1944 and December 31, 1950. Reinstitution of the lottery was a change from the oldest first method, which had been the determining method for deciding order of call. 366 blue plastic capsules containing birth dates were placed in a large glass jar and drawn by hand to assign order-of-call numbers to all men within the 18-26 age range specified in Selective Service law. With radio, film and TV coverage, the capsules were drawn from the jar, opened, and the dates inside posted in order. The first capsule - drawn by Congressman Alexander Pirine (R-NY) of the Ho...
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...ain that our military will not leave Iraq until a stable democracy is intact and if other actions are taken against countries such as North Korea and Iran as communication failure continues to break down, we will find U.S. military sources stationed in those countries as well until they too have reached a level of stablility that is consistent with how the United States government would approve. And although our commitment to these current day conflicts has not reached a status where a draft would be needed, talk has begun to stir and its reinstatement could come in the near future. Good or bad, each individual has its own opinion and its policy will be debated for years to come.
Bibliography
Anderson, Martin. The Military Draft: Selected Readings on Conscription. Stanford, California: Hoover Press. 1982.
Berger, Jason. The Military Draft. New York: H.Wilson CO. 1981.
Carter, Phillip and Paul Glastris. “The Case for the Draft.” Washington Monthly; March 2005, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p18.
Flynn, George. Conscription and Democracy. Westport, Connecticut. Greenwood Press. 2002.
Gerhardt, James. The Draft and Public Policy. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. 1971.
Although the United States has replaced a partially drafted army with an all-volunteer army, the Selective Service System stills allows men to be drafted if the military is too small (Olson-Raymer, par. 48-50). When the United States invaded Iraq, hundreds of thousands of Americans voluntarily enlisted (par. 55). Despite this, military personnel claimed that there was a shortage of soldiers, and a draft would be beneficial in the war effort (Thompson, par. 7). Fortunately, the draft remained and still remains unnecessary. Whenever a draft has been implemented in the United States, controversy has ensued. Some people think a draft
But in 1980, President Carter reinstated the draft in a way, stating all men born after January 1, 1960 were require to register with Selection Service, but this was not reinforced after about he of 1986. Today, the question is debated about whether or not we, as Americans, should reinstate the draft. Those in favor of reinstating the draft argue that our country would be safer, those drafted would learn important lifelong lessons and build characteristics that today’s generation has lost, and Americans would learn to appreciate more, something our society has forgotten. Those who oppose the draft argue that there would not be many, if any, families that are not military based and have to worry about loosing people in their family. Reinstating the military draft is
On July 1, 1973, Congress chose to end the draft in favor of an All Volunteer Army. According to "The Professional Bulletin of Army History, No. 27," the last man was drafted in December 1972 and reported for training in June 1973. Now, not only might the renewed military draft come back but also the age of compulsory service in the meat grinder might be extended from its former limit of 26 years up to 42 years of age.
Under United States draft law, certain guidelines must be followed to allow men to be...
In the Bogside area of Derry, there was a tragic incident known as Bloody Sunday or the Bogside Massacre for sometimes. Twenty-eight unarmed civilians were shot down by equipped British soldiers when protesting internment without trial introduced to deal with the escalating level of violence peacefully.(Gillespie). As a reaction to the tragedy, Bano in an Irish band called U2 wrote a protest song called Sunday Bloody Sunday, in which he asked for the peaceful future without conflicts. Repeating “how long must we sing this song?” among the whole lyric, this protest song Bano wrote utilized a peaceful way to depict the scenes of Bloody Sunday, the loathing for the horrible massacre, and their beautiful expects for the future filling with hopes.
Many people in the 1960s and early 1970s did not understand why the United States was involved in the Vietnam War. Therefore, they had no desire to be a part of it. The Selective Service System, which was used to conduct the draft, had aspirations of directing people into areas where they were most needed during wartime. However, people took advantage of the draft system’s deferment policies to avoid going to war. Others refused induction or simply did not register. There were also people who left the country to escape the draft. The Vietnam War proved to be an event that many Americans did not agree with, and as a result, citizens took action to elude the draft entirely or to beat the draft system.
Rich, Alex K.Moreno-Riano, Gerson. "Draft Vs. Volunteer Army: An Overview." Points Of View: Draft Vs.
Cursed by controversy since it's inception, heavy metal music has often been thought of as offencive and bombastic in it's approach to music. Even now, the controversy brought about at the top of heavy metal's popularity in the 80's still seems to linger over the genre. Controversy could easily be seen as a part of heavy metal culture as a whole, the committee hearings in 1985 putting the musical genre in the public's eye as offensive and dangerous due to it's lyrical content (Hjelm, Kahn-Harris, LeVine, 2011 p.8). To many, these out of context looks into a larger culture seem to paint a picture of violence and delenquency, but seeing the genre from within offers a new view. Research suggests that heavy metal music can have beneficial psychological
Rhem, Kathleen. “Rumsfield: No Need for Draft; Disadvantages Notable.” U.S. Department of Defense. Defense.gov. Jan 7, 2003. n. pag. Web. 29 March 2014.
The lyrics of metal music are often misunderstood to be a call to action, advocating violence to listeners. In reality the lyrics are meant to comfort the listeners and help them deal with the negative emotions they feel from this situation. Especially amongst teens who most frequently feel the negative effects of being different. The most musically "heavy" kind of metal there is is called death metal. Originally, the name was coined because of the lyrics of this subgenre of metal. The lyrics dealt with death caused by, murder, war, and any other kind of unnatural death imaginable. Now, the name is used to refer to a kind of metal with especially driving rhythms, energetic instrumentation and vocals (usually of the screaming and grunting sort), and incredibly low end and heavy sounds. Death metal is basically as far as you can go into the genre of metal. Even in this subgenre, the lyrics often spread positive messages.
The Conscription Act delivered the final straw in the long list of discrepancies, the catalyst that turned that small forest fire into a raging inferno of hate and fear. The white working class (mostly Irish immigrants) were infuriated, they couldn’t understand how they, white, hard-working voters were being punished. The government was forcing them to fight a war they didn’t support and the only way they could avoid it was to pay 300 dollars (a years wages for most), yet they would pay African Americans 1,000 dollars for volunteering. The new federal draft conditions also expanded to include a wider age range of men it would take. “The conscription law targeted men between the ages of 20 and 35, and all unmarried men up to age 45.” Adding to the already high tensions of laborers, since the enactment of the Emancipation Proclamation they ...
Lincoln also abused his power with the draft. Prior to the draft, the Union depended on the states to fill assigned quotas with volunteers. But then Lincoln instituted a new draft. By its terms, all men between the ages of 20 and 45 were liable to military service. However, any man who was called for the draft could avoid it by hiring a substitute or paying $300 dollars to the government. Many groups rightfully denounced these acts, called the conscription acts, as a rich man's law. Indeed, many wealthy men were able to bribe poorer men into taking their place in
What is prog metal? Prog metal, or better recognized as Progressive Metal is a sub genre of metal music. Progressive metal is a rather underground sub genre but is slowly flowing into the main stream. This is not the average genre of music and neither is the community. What sets it apart from other genres are things like odd time signatures, extended range guitars, overlapping genres, odd playing styles, and also having non-traditional instruments in songs. All of these elements combined all culminate into making some of the most soulful, creative, artistic, music there is to experience. Now lets really see how different it is from the normal heavy metal scene.
A clean home is something that should come easy for anyone. Most people would consider anyone with a dirty and cluttered home to be lazy or filthy, but many are unaware of the psychological disorder Hoarding, which affects about 5% of the population, both men and women (Neziroglu, n.d.). Hoarding is the act of one having difficulties separating from their belongings. Although many confuse hoarding with collecting, there is a significant difference from the two. Those who collect, gather a specific product as a hobby or a profession, but those with a Hoarding disorder keep items without a notable worth and it accumulates in areas that were previously used for living. It is believed that hoarding is caused by a deficiency with a person’s information processing or led by a cognitive disorder, or a disturbing emotional shock (“The Hoarding Project”, 2016
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