Candida albicans
Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus. This means that that C. albicans has to different phenotypic forms, an oval shaped yeast form and a branching hyphal form. C. albicans normal habitat is the mucosal membranes of humans and various other mammals including the mouth, gut, vagina, and sometimes the skin. Normally C. albicans causes no damage and lives symbiotically with the human or animal host, even helping to breakdown minute amounts of fiber that are eaten in the host’s diet. The normal bacterial flora of the gut, mouth, and vaginal mucosa act as a barrier to the over growth of fungal infections like C. albicans. Loss of this normal flora is one of the main predisposing factors to an infection by C. albicans.
There are many ways that a C. albicans infection may occur. One is the use of antibiotics for an extended period of time to combat a pre-existent bacterial infection. Since the antibiotics used will kill only the bacteria and not any fungus this allows for C. albicans to gain a foot hold over the local mucosa that it is inhabiting, be it the gut, th...
Enterococcus faecalis is a genus of gram positive cocci and form short chains or are arranged in pairs. They are nonmotile, facultative anaerobic organisms and can survive in harsh conditions in nature. There are over 15 species of the Enterococcus genus but about 90% of clinical isolates are E. faecalis. E. faecalis is a nosocomial pathogen because it is commonly found in the hospital environment and can cause life-threatening infections in humans. It is a bacterium that normally inhabits the intestinal tract in humans and animals but when found in other body locations it can cause serious infections. The most common sites for E. faecalis infections are the heart, bloodstream, urinary tract, and skin wounds. Due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, many antibiotics have been shown ineffective in the treatment. In this paper, I will describe the ecology and pathology of E. faecalis; the antibacterial resistance; treatment; and, what you can do to prevent Enterococcus infection.
Tobacco is the common name of the plant Nicotiana tabacum and N. rustica, found in the Nightshade family. It is a green, leafy plant and is known for the nicotine that lies within its leaves. Tobacco has more than 70 different species, but only two are used today. The most popular is N. tabacum and it has never been found to grow in the wild. Today, tobacco is smoked, chewed, and snuffed. It is grown throughout both North and South America. In the United States, its grown in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia.
... of subjects with periodontitis: Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis colonize the periodontal pockets". Med Mycol. 46 (8): 783–93. doi:10.1080/13693780802060899.PMID 18608938
In every work, the creature or creator or both die in the end. Even in Blade Runner, the motion picture based off of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, the androids successfully kill the man who designed them, and then die themselves. (Ridley) The works follow a formula, one set by the common Judeo-Christian creation story, the Book of Genesis. After eating from the tree of knowledge, and therefor becoming fully human, Adam and Eve are sent out of their creator’s domain, like Shelley’s creature wanted, and the androids and Crakers received, a land where they can comfortably exist away from their creators, much like a child leaving the care of its parents to live on their own.
Candidiasis, also called thrush or moniliasis, is a yeast infection. Candida albicans is an organism that normally makes a quiet home for itself on your skin and doesn't bother anyone. We all carry this organism on our skin, in our mouth, in our gastrointestinal tract (gut), and, in the case of women, in the vagina.
Candida albicans is a harmless commensal yeast which becomes pathogenic when environmental changes trigger the virulence factors of the organism. Hence Candida species are opportunistic pathogens in susceptible individuals. Oral infection caused by C. albicans known as oral candidiasis or candidosis. However, C. albicans exist in the mouths of 80% of healthy individuals. Any alteration in the environment of oral cavity can change the presence of candida from commensal to pathogenic. This translation in the status of candida is due to many predisposing factors. In the past, oral candidiasis was thought to affect mainly elderly and very young population. Recently, the incidence of oral candidiasis increased greatly with the intensification of HIV infection and immunosuppressive chemotherapy (1, 2). Oral candidiasis colonize 5% to 7% of newborn less than one month old. The infection also estimated to affect 9% to 31% of AIDS patients and nearly 20% of cancer patients (3). This review discuss the possible causes, the types of oral candidiasis, treatment and management strategies.
Voss, Andreas. Epidemiology of Systemic Candida Infections: Studies to Pursue the Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology. S.l.: Ponsen & Looijen., 1997. Print.
The nineteen thirties happened a long time ago. Many things have changed since then, one of them is the treatment of people with disabilities. In the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, Lennie Small, a man with a cognitive disability, is gruesomely mistreated. If he were to live his life nowadays, his treatment would be extremely different. If Lennie was born in say; nineteen eighty, his treatment would be different because; people would be more supportive of him and his cognitive disability, he wouldn’t be driven out of town multiple times, and his life wouldn’t have ended so abruptly because he wouldn’t be wanted dead by ranchers.
In the play, the women stick together and voice their discomforts of the men’s deranged ideas of stereotyping by challenging the men’s views about the home having to always be clean. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters sensed and witnessed expectations from the men which enticed the ladies to secretly go against the men. In the text, the woman side with the crime clues of the woman being accused, and rebel against even their partners.
Schultz, Kristen, and Ann Pleshette Murphy. "Beauty Pageants Draw Children and Criticism." ABC News. ABC News Network, n.d. Web. 15 May 2014.
In the last decade, the number of prescriptions for antibiotics has increases. Even though, antibiotics are helpful, an excess amount of antibiotics can be dangerous. Quite often antibiotics are wrongly prescribed to cure viruses when they are meant to target bacteria. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that is prone to kill microorganisms, or bacteria. By examining the PBS documentary Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria and the article “U.S. government taps GlaxoSmithKline for New Antibiotics” by Ben Hirschler as well as a few other articles can help depict the problem that is of doctors prescribing antibiotics wrongly or excessively, which can led to becoming harmful to the body.
Beauty pageants are no help to the cause either. Miss America has become a job for women that represent their country from the way their face looks, rather than their ideas and vocal capabilities. We have become a nation centered around beauty and appearance and this annual television show has followed in this trend’s wake.
Cigarette smoking dates back to the early 19th century in Central America. The cigarettes were in the form of reeds and smoking tubes. People like the Mayas and the Aztecs could smoke during religious rituals. Among the Mexicans, Caribbean and the Central and Southern Americans smoking was in the form of cigarette and the cigar. Different plant wrappers were used in the Central and Southern America to roll the cigarette while in Spain they used maize wrappers. Cigarette is believed to have reached France in 1830 and this is where it gained the name cigarette. It is only after the Crimean War that the use of tobacco cigarette gained populace in the English speaking nations. Generally, widespread cigarette smoking could largely be credited to the 20th century in the Western world.
...e becoming available for women. Women are now using their platforms in their pageants and making them now careers. Some beauty contest winners are looking into careers in politics as well as mentoring positions for younger women. Even though some feel that the pageant industry is devaluing children and their self esteem, hindering their development, and expensive, some feel that the pageant industry is now becoming a center for bonding and creating lifelong relationships. Some may even feel that social media is also a source for the negative effects of the pageant industry. America can now see how the simple things like beauty contest could affect a whole nation and change the way the people of society view one another, and we also see how positive the changes have our nation become stronger and created new extracurricular activities for the average American child.
Abortions have always been a very controversial topic. Over the years we continue to fight for or against it. One can say that is one of the most talked and argued topic in the United States. An abortion is when a woman terminates her pregnancy before the fetus is viable using various of methods. Some argue that abortions should be illegal and considered murder, while others, from a religious point of view, say that no one has the right to take away the life of a person, in this case the fetus. However, others insist, that abortions are a basic women’s right.