The Sun and Its Features
Changes in the magnetic field of the sun affect us here on earth in a number of interesting ways. This magnetic field is caused by the flow of electrically charged ions and electrons on the sun, and if it didn't exist, the sun would be a much more boring star. The 11-year cycle of the sun's magnetic field accounts for many of the cool features of the sun: sunspots, solar flares, and aurora borealis. At the beginning of the cycle, the magnetic field is weak and there are very few sunspots; later, at the peak of the cycle, the magnetic field is strong, and there are many sunspots. Sunspots are relatively cool areas that appear as dark patches on the face of the sun. They occur where magnetic field lines are twisted below the surface. The period of time when the magnetic field is strong and there are many sunspots is called a solar maximum. The sun approached one of its solar maximums in the year 2000, and this maximum affected the conditions on earth.
For example, the aurora borealis, or "Northern Lights" we see in the sky are much brighter during a solar maximum. They are also more spread out over the sky. In normal years the northern lights can only be seen over the poles, but during a solar maximum they are visible to much of the northern United States and Europe. Aurora borealis is caused by the solar wind that blows off the corona of the sun. The temperature of the corona is so high that the gravity of the sun cannot hold on to it, so hot charged particles from the corona regularly fly off the sun at millions of miles per hour. When these particles collide with atoms in the earth's atmosphere, they excite their electrons, causing them to "jump" to a higher energy level. When electrons jump to a h...
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...solar maximum), less cosmic rays strike the earth, and when it is weak (during a solar minimum), many cosmic rays strike the earth. Trees record in their rings how much carbon 14 is in the atmosphere, and during the Maunder Minimum tree rings had very high levels of Carbon 14.
Thus, there seems to be a link between the sunspot cycle and the climate of the earth, with solar minimum bringing cooler temperatures and solar maximum bringing warmer ones. This, plus the beautiful displays of northern lights, and the threatening danger of solar flares, are just three ways we are effected by the solar cycle of the sun.
References:
Solar Physics. Hathaway, David H. NASA. March 17, 2000.
Sunspots as Predictors. Younce, Matthew Wiley.
The Sun-Earth Connection. NASA/GSFC. USB/S
Introducing the Aurora. Terry, Kathee and Anderson, Hugh. July 12, 1999.
During the March 1986 edition of the Journal of Modern Literature, Lee Clark Mitchell of Princeton University opens his article “‘Keeping His Head’: Repetition and Responsibility in London’s ‘To Build a Fire’” by critiquing naturalism’s style of storytelling. Mitchell claims naturalism as a slow, dull, and plain way of capturing an audience; and Jack London is the epitome of this description. Mitchell states, “[London’s] very methods of composition prompt a certain skepticism; the speed with which he wrote, his suspiciously childish plots…have all convinced readers to ignore the technical aspects of h...
Climate change is largely caused under certain situations and circumstances by factors like variations in solar radiation, ...
Macbeth is first introduced as a war hero, slayer of the Norweyans. He is then introduced to prophesy by three witches. They prophesize how he will become first Thane of Cawdor and then king. "All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, thane of Cawdor!...Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter." (Act 1 Scene 3). Macbeth becomes thane and starts to believe in the prophesies if the witches. What first started as inquisitiveness and doubt, soon became fate and truth as the Bible is to Christians. Macbeth began to believe the next prophesy. In fact, not only would he become king, he made it his personal obligation and responsibility to see that it became so. With a little bit of nagging (that is the best term to use) from Lady Macbeth, Macbeth chooses to fulfill his de...
The seasons are caused by the toilet of the Earth’s axis. It is also caused by the way the tilt of the earth is pointed at; away or towards the sun. The tilt of the earth is 23.5 degrees. There are two solstices, the summer solstice and the winter solstice. The summer solstice is when the northern hemisphere is focused on the tilt towards the sun, maximum sunlight is reached here. The winter solstice is when it is focused on the tilt away from the sun, there will be minimum sunlight. The winter builds up cold air over North America. The Earth is closer to the sun when it is winter in the northern hemisphere. The distance from the sun varies. The earth has seasons because the earth is not straight, it is tilted. The Earth's distance from the sun does not cause the seasons. Many people believe that the seasons are caused by Earth's orbit around the sun, but this is false. Winter occurs when the Earth is closest to the sun, while summer occurs when the Earth is farthest from the sun.
Maslow believed that there was a hierarchy of five innate needs that influence people’s behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p.246-247). In a pyramid fashion, at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonginess and love needs, succeeded by esteem needs, and finally the need for self-actualization. Maslow claimed that lower order needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher level needs are addressed. Furthermore, behavior is dominated by solely one need
Unlike many of his colleagues at the time who were focusing on psychopathology, or what is wrong with individuals, he focused on how individuals are motivated to fulfill their potential and what needs govern their respective behaviors (McLeod)). Maslow developed the hierarchy over time, adjusting from a rigid structure where needs must be met before being able to achieve a higher level, to where the individuals can experience and behave in ways across the hierarchy multiple times daily depending on their needs. The hierarchy is comprised of 5 levels; Physiological, Safety and Security, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization. The bottom two levels are considered basic needs, or deficiency needs because once the needs are met they cease to be a driving factor, unlike psychological needs. Loving and Belonging and Esteem needs are considered psychological needs, and are different from basic needs because they don’t stem from a lack of something, but rather the desire to grow. Maslow theorizes that individual’s decisions and behavior are determined based on their current level of needs, and the ideal level to achieve full potential culminates in self-actualization; however, operating on this level cannot be achieved until the preceding levels of needs have been
Throughout history climates have drastically changed. There have been shifts from warm climates to the Ice Ages (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2009, p.204). Evidence suggests there have been at least a dozen abrupt climate changes throughout the history of the earth. There are a few suspected reasons for these past climate changes. One reason may be that asteroids hitting the earth and volcanic eruptions caused some of them. A further assumption is that 22-year solar magnetic cycles and 11-year sunspot cycles played a part in the changes. A further possibility is that a regular shifting in the angle of the moon orbiting earth causing changing tides and atmospheric circulation affects the global climate (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2009, p.205). Scientific studies suggest that all these played a role in past global warming and cooling periods. Today, however, there is a lot of conflict on whether humans are causing a global warming that could be disastrous to humans and all species of plants and animals on this earth. This paper will first explain the greenhouse effect, then take a look at both sides argument, and, finally, analyze the effect of global warming on world-wide sustainability
Because Venus is completely covered with clouds, and reflects most of the sun's radiation back out into space. Without the greenhouse effect, Venus would be cooler than the Earth even though it is closer to the sun.
Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square Press New Folger Edition, 1992
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
The sun is a star that is medium sized among the star categories. Solar system is pivoted around the sun. The sun is a primary source of light and heat for earth which is responsible for keeping the temperature of earth in a reasonable range that is sustaining life.
When looking at the Earth, it becomes readily apparent that cycles are an important theme. Earth is a closed system. Meaning only energy can pass into and out of its atmosphere with the exception with few meteorites that enter and the manmade objects we eject. Earth has the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, the rock cycles and Earth itself cycles around the sun. It is easily understandable then that Earth climate also undergone many cyclic changes from one extreme to another within its vast history. In this paper, the focus in on the climate events that occurred from 65 Ma to present day Earth (Cenozoic era), some ways in which this information about climate can be collected and possible implications for the future
cause changes in earth’s energy as in changes in greenhouse gases affect, variations in the suns
When a solar flare occurs, vast amount of magnetic energy get released and turned into electromagnetic radiation. (NASA 2015) Traveling at light-speed, the resulting radiation containing X-ray, extreme ultraviolet rays, gamma rays and radio waves would arrive at Earth after only 8 minutes. The x-rays may interact with the atoms in the ionosphere of Earth and cause a sudden increase in ionization, which could interfere radar and shortwave radio communication. The ultraviolet rays can heat the upper atmosphere, causing the atmosphere shell to expand, which may drag low orbiting satellites and spacecraft, leading to unexpected orbital changes (Marusek 2007). For instance, the premature demise of the Solar Maximum Mission in 1990 and Skylab in 1979 are due to this phenomenon (Odenwald
Nature is unpredictable and can change at any moment. Nature plays its own role in climate change. The earth’s temperature is dependent on the balance of the energy entering and leaving the planet, which is also known as solar radiation. Islands and dry areas are more susceptible to an increase in temperatures due to the amount of energy that can be generated and released back to the atmosphere. As the ozone is breaking down, the amount of solar radiation being generated and released to the atmosphere is greater than before, which causes temperatures to increase. In an article written by Bryan Nelson, it states that the Northern Hemisphere usually gets warmer than the Southern Hemisphere due to the larger amount of land mass found in the Northern Hemisphere (Nelson). According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in the past year, the change in the planet’s orbit has led to an increase in temperatures. During earth’s orbit, the earth goes around the sun, there is moments when earth moves closer and farther to the sun than usual, which cause temperatures to increase or decrease. Volcanic eruptions and the movement of crustal plates are also two events that naturally affects the climate. Although these two events cause an effect on the climate, the effect is only short term (Environmental Protection