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The Mozart Effect
Ever since human intelligence has been a factor for survival, people have been trying to think of new, innovative ways to increase their mental capabilities. In the past, people have taken pills, prepared home-made concoctions, and have even shaven their heads to clear their minds. Even now, new ideas, such as magnetic mattresses for better blood circulation to the brain, are patented and sold promising mental wellness and stability – and making money for the inventor. When scientists find something that enhances intelligence the general public is interested.
This is perhaps why a small study out of the University of California, Irvine procured so much attention. In 1993 Gordon Shaw, a physicist, and Frances Rauscher, a former concert cellist and an expert on cognitive development, studied the effects the Mozart Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major had on a few dozen college students. They performed this study to see whether "brief exposure to certain music could increase a cognitive ability" (3). They study took thirty-six college students and divided them up into three groups. Each group spent ten minutes listening to different sounds: the first group listened to the afore mentioned Mozart sonata, the second group listened to a tape of relaxation instructions and the third group sat in silence. Directly following these ten minutes the students were tested on spatial/temporal reasoning (more specifically the Stanford-Binet Test). Simply put, the "subject has to imagine that a single sheet of paper has been folded several times and then various cut-outs are made with scissors" (3). The object for the students is to correctly guess the pattern of cut-outs if the paper were unfolded.
In the end, the scores o...
... middle of paper ...
... widely shared by the media and the general pubic. The new inventions centered around Mozart's music are becoming more scarce, and it's much harder to find "Mozart for the LSATs" at an average CD retailer. After spending almost a decade in the spot light, The Mozart Effect is beginning to loose ground, and will soon be replaced by a new study proving that skittles stimulate the right-frontal lobe and every parent will be happy to give their kids some candy.
References
1) http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9908/25/mozart.iq
2) http://parenting-baby.com/Parenting-Baby-Music-Research/index1.html
3) http://www.musica.uci.edu/mrn/V7I1W00.html
4) http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?
file=/nature/journal/v400/n6747/full/400826a0_r.html&filetype=&dynoptions=
5) http://skepdic.com/mozart.html
6) http://www.usatoday.com/life/2003-08-19-mozart_x.htm
...ether or not the Mozart effect could be applied to them in a school setting. Positively, it was shown that the children scored higher on a spatial ability task of paper folding after listening to Mozart, although the results, just like every other study concluded, seemed to last only for the duration of the test which was around 10-15 minutes. One must also keep in mind that many tests never endeavoured to delve into whether or not the results could be reproduced later without the need of Mozart’s sonata.
...gal, both in society and in sports.”(Monroe100) She argues that the legalization will actually benefit costs and their usage. “Also, making steroids legal would end the law-enforcement costs and efforts associated with steroid use.”(Monroe100) This may seem like the right solution but would it really help? Making it legal would only increase its usage and may encourage more people to abuse them. Those who oppose to this idea believe that it will increase the chances of violence and temper loss. “Do you think that steroids should be legalized? I don’t because you can die from them and you might lose your temper easily and could be dangerous.” This is a reasonable approach. With all the muscle that steroids can produce in the human body, it would be dangerous to have millions of people going around the world beating up each other for any problem that they might have.
There is limited literature centered on an infant age group to support the notion that babies will become smarter through exposure to Mozart’s symphonies. Rauscher, Shaw and Ky (1993) devised an experiment initiating the theory now known as the ‘Mozart Effect’. The study examined the possible effect the exposure to three differing conditions; silence, a relaxation tape and a Mozart piece had on college student’s ability to perform spatial tasks, and hence the effect on their spatial IQ scores (Rauscher et al. 1993). Rauscher et al. (1993) concluded there was an increase in these scores for studen...
...s of steroids is enhanced arousal and sexual performance. This clearly has a lot of appeal for those with a decreased sex drive or the elderly population. Though it can be distracting to be feeling aroused at inappropriate times it is still a huge positive for a great deal of people. So after learning all the positive effects of steroids, is it worth taking them? Who wouldn't want to take something that makes them run, jump, have sex and even stronger. Well in order to answer that we need to look at the negative effects of steroids.
The past research about the effect of music on the brain is called the Mozart Effect. The Mozart Effect refers to claims that people perform better on tests of spatial abilities after listening to music composed by Mozart. This experience examined whether the Mozart effect is a result of differences in stimulation and temper. (William Forde Thompson, E. Glenn Schellenberg and Gabriela Husain, 2001). A research was made by Dr.Gordon Shaw at UCI and Fran Rauscher about this Mozart effect. The experience is to use college students who listened to Mozart’s symphonies while they are solving a spatial temporal task. This task is a famous one: the paper folding and cutting test. The results were astonishing. In fact, all the students recorded impressi...
The use of steroids in sports shouldn’t be allowed because it is considered cheating. It shouldn’t be allowed for other reasons too. To start, they are dangerous to who ever uses them.Using steroids is equal to artificially boosting your testosterone levels. This will mess up the natural hormone balance. Men who abuse steroids convert testosterone into estrogen. They can lose muscle tone and develop breast tissue.
Afghanistan has had a history, full of violence and wars since the last 176 years, from being invaded by the British in 1838 to the soviet Russians in 1979, but those long wars have left the once prosperous and wealthy country, into a country torn apart into shreds (BBC News). The future of Afghanistan will be highly unstable due to its high levels of poverty, which is a major factor on the outcome of the country’s future. Wars are great contributors to high poverty levels and it is reported that “20 million out of the 26 million people in the country, are living under the line of poverty” (Rural poverty Portal), that is about 75% of the country’s population. When 75% of the country population is living under the harsh living conditions and poverty, it leaves the country’s economy running on fumes. The high level of poverty also leaves most of the country in a survival mi...
Studies have shown that the effects of classical music, are advantageous to both one’s ability to process and retain new information, as well as to recall and memorize old material. I believe that the outcome of an experiment of this nature will be entirely dependent upon the individual that the experiment is being conducted upon. Furthermore, due to the complexity of as well as the diversity found within humans, and the fact that no two humans are the same, I believe that the results will vary from person to person.
In conclusion it is apparent that the Mozart effect does not actually exist in the way that it has been promoted. The effect is related to changes in arousal states from listening to music. The initial findings may indicate a researcher bias and preference for Mozart’s music. Further examination would have lead the researchers to conclude the effects are not limited to Mozart’s music. Unfortunately, this information was misrepresented and has lead to the wide spread belief that listening to Mozart’s music results in an increase in intelligence.
Music surrounds us. We hear it on the radio, at the grocery store, in public places, and in movies. But is music simply entertainment? Is it merely an exploited medium of a multi-million dollar, worldwide industry? No. These exceptional sound waves which humanity calls music are more than meet the ear. They powerfully affect the human brain and mind, influencing cognitive abilities and physical and mental functions including Interhemispheric processing, visuospatial processing, and emotions. Engaging with music through playing a musical instrument or listening to certain genres has the power to physically alter and aid the brain due to the brain’s extraordinary property known as neuroplasticity.
An example of the first finding, that music learning changes the brain, is research clearly showing that through such learning, auditory and motor areas in the brain grow larger and interact more efficiently. After novice pianists have just a few weeks of training, for example, the areas in their brain serving hand control become larger and more connected. It quickly became clear that music can drive plasticity in the human brain, shaping it through training and learning.
Music is one of the few things that has remained constant through the centuries this world has existed. Not only does music provide entertainment, it also has several effects linked to it. Music allows emotions of happiness and sadness to arise. From those emotions, physical effects, negative or positive, can occur. Music has a profound effect on the emotional, social, intellectual, and physical aspects of a person.
Within the gaming industry, whether it is within the PC gaming industry network or the general gaming industry network, sexism exists. This is supported by the findings discussed within this case study. One such example is: “60% of women in the game industry have experienced sexism... Almost 77% of women and about 55% of men have female friends in the game industry that have experienced sexism.” (Allaway, 2014)
In recent years, research has made connections between the intelligence of children and musical ability (Gershon 2014; Schellenberg 2011; Sherman 2011, Vitale 2011). Most researchers who believe in this theory argue that the millions of synapses firing during musical activity strengthens one’s cognitive abilities such as IQ, creativity, communication skills, problem solving skills, and memory. This is supported by the many research opportunities they have taken part in, the observations and experiments they performed, and their first-hand experiences (Gershon 2014; Sherman 2011; Schellenberg 2004; Vitale 2011). Some researchers even say it could prevent diseases such as
Music is also shown to benefit the brains of children in that “children who can follow a steady beat of music have a greater fluency in their reading”(Brigid Finucane: NPR). This may be because of another study shown by an assistant assistant Professor, Nadine Gaab, of Pediatrics at Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School. In her study, she found that people with musical experience found it easier to point out small syllable differences in words than those with no musical experience at all. To read fluently, it is important for people to know the syllables of words to pronounce them appropriately. Another aspect of her research showed that people with musical experience had a quicker overall brain processing of split-second changes in sounds and tones used in speech (Nadine Gaab). This research can ...