Measuring Pain
1. 1. Sensory - intensity, duration, threshold, tolerance, location,
etc
2. 2. Neurophysiological - brainwave activity, heart rate, etc
3. 3. Emotional and motivational - anxiety, anger, depression,
resentment, etc
4. 4. Behavioural - avoidance of exercise, pain complaints, etc
5. 5. Impact on lifestyle - marital distress, changes in sexual
behaviour
6. 6. Information processing - problem solving skills, coping
styles, health beliefs
Techniques used to collect data.
--------------------------------
1. 1. interviews - advantage - it can cover Karoly's 6 points
2. 2. behavioural observations
3. 3. psychometric measures
4. 4. medical records
5. 5. physiological measures
Physiological measures of pain
Muscle tension is associated with painful conditions such as headaches
and lower backache, and it can be measured using an electromyograph
(EMG). This apparatus measures electrical activity in the muscles,
which is a sign of how tense they are. Some link has been established
between headaches and EMG patterns, but EMG recordings do not
generally correlate with pain perception (Chapman et al 1985) and EMG
measurements have not been shown to be a useful way of measuring pain.
Another approach has been to relate pain to autonomic arousal. By
taking measures of pulse rate, skin conductance and skin temperature,
it may be possible to measure the physiological arousal caused by
experiencing pain. Finally, since pain is perceived within the brain,
it may he possible to measure brain activity, using an
...
... middle of paper ...
...ntroverts are more sensitive to
pain stimuli, but extroverts complain more at lower levels of pain.
Finally, Connolly et al (1978) investigated the relationship between
personality, anxiety and pain during the labour of childbirth. The
sample of 80 women was given the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory and their pain/anxiety levels were monitored during the
labour. Not surprisingly, pain and anxiety levels rose during the
course of the labour. Pain and anxiety were similar for normal and
‘hysterical’ MMPI groups but the ‘anxious—depressive’ MMPI groups
displayed higher levels of pain and anxiety. Sternbach (1968) reviewed
several studies that had investigated the relationship between anxiety
and pain. He concluded that increasing anxiety enhanced pain
responses, and decreasing anxiety reduced such responses.
The Portrayal of Romeo and Juliet's Relationship in the Play. In my opinion, the relationship between Romeo and Juliet is portrayed. in lots of different ways. It is portrayed as tragic, united, shows.
Is love worth it all? As publicized in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, reckless decisions may possibly lead to an unforeseen and dreadful conclusion. He also makes it known that if feelings about a situation are over dramatized they can cause a hazardous faux pas. That is exactly what Romeo, Juliet, and Friar Lawrence implement in Shakespeare’s tragedy. In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the major characters cause the tragic outcome of the drama through their bad choices and decisions.
“The Pain Tree” written by Olive Senior tells the story of a woman who comes back home after many years and begins to think about her childhood in a new light, which changes much of what she thought she knew of her family and childhood. The story shows the main character, Lorraine, revisiting the memories of her family and the woman who had taken care of her as a child, Larissa. Children mainly focus on the happy memories which may be tied to more important topics that they do not understand until they are older. Most children do not pick up on many of the complicated things happening around them. Lorraine can now see the bigger picture of her relationship with Larissa and how large the divides were between Lorraine’s family and Larissa’s
Romeo, O, Romeo. Romeo and Juliet, a drama play by William Shakespeare, tells the tale of two star crossed lovers. In the city of Verona 1590, two love-stricken teenagers, are predestined to meet. They are forbidden to be with one another, for a feud by their progenitors has doomed them with a forever lasting hatred for one another. Defying those rules, the two decide to keep their love a secret, ending their lives in a way no one would have imagined.
Although love is interpreted as a wonderful thing it can also ruin someone's life, “Love is a trap. When is appears, we see only its light, not its shadows.” (Paulo Coelho) Love doesn’t fix people it breaks them asunder. It waits and waits for its next target to make a mistake and ruin everything they worked for. As seen in various works including; “The Raven” , Romeo and Juliet, and “The Gift of the Magi”. Romantic love is a force that inflicts pain upon those who believe in it or those who have been through it.
Love, what a small word for being one of the most powerful and complicated emotion someone can receive. Love grants people an experience of other emotions such as, sadness, happiness, jealousy, hatred and many more. It is because of those characteristics that love creates that make it so difficult to define the emotion in a few words. In the play, “Romeo and Juliet” by William Shakespeare, two star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet, defy their parents in hopes of being able to be together and live a happy life. The characters in “Romeo and Juliet” show the characteristics of love through their words and actions throughout the play. The attributes the characters illustrate throughout the play are rage, loyalty, and sorrow.
“The greatest evil is physical pain.” Saint Augustine understood that experiencing pain is horrific, and most would agree. However, it is perhaps emotional pain, rather than physical, that causes the most damage. Whether physical or emotional, painful experiences are upsetting at best, and in severe cases, they can be life-changing. Pain is a feeling of distress that is often an underlying problem or symptom of an illness.
As adults grow older a substantial number of people experience pain and cognitive impairment. Assessment’s of their pain become more complex as patient’s cognitive abilities decline, patient’s losing their ability to express themselves, and not understanding their pain (Chatterjee, 2012). Dementia is one the many cognitive impairments elders might go through. It is a progressive brain disease and can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to the level of cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment can affect a person’s ability to describe their pain, understand the assessment questions that are asked, recall painful events, and rate their pain on a numeric scale 0-10 (Wilsons et al, 2006). Observation assessments like the Abbey
If Romeo and Juliet had survived would they have been happy? The answer to that is no, they probably would not have been happy. First of all, there is still the problem that Romeo is banished, and even if Friar Lawrence's pleas to allow Romeo back into Verona had prevailed, the two lovers are then faced with their parents' anger. Undoubtedly, this would put a strain on Romeo and Juliet's relationship, with each of them trying to please their parents and be together at the smee time. Secondly, Romeo's mother passed away due to her grief of Romeo's banishment. It would be hard for Romeo to stay with Juliet knowing that his mother died as a consequence of his love for Juliet. Lastly, Romeo and Juliet's personalities are too different for
Techniques and Devices Shakespeare Uses to Show the Power and Beauty of the Love Between Romeo and Juliet
In a pain assessment, the pain is always subjective, in a verbal patient; pain is what the patient says that it is. Nurses must be able to recognize non verbal signs of pain such as elevated pulse, elevated blood pressure, grimacing, rocking, guarding, all of which are signs of pain (Jensen, 2011). A patient’s ethnicity may have a major influence on their meaning of pain and how it is evaluated and responded to behaviorally as well as emotionally (Campbell, & Edwards 2012). A patient may not feel that their pain is acceptable and they do not want to show that they are in pain. For some people, showing pain indicates that they are weak. Other patients will hide their pain as they do not want to be seen as a bother or be seen as a difficult patient.
Exploring the precision of assessing pain by using available tools in the hospitals chosen for the study by comparing them with the (COPT).
Romeo and Juliet both died, and these deaths were preventable deaths. If these children's families had not hated each other so much, these children would not have died. These children died because of the love they shared, the true love they shared that blinded them of all that was going o around them. Romeo and Juliet is a timeless play written by William Shakespeare that will forever be remembered and preformed because of the sad ending and romantic touch.
	Due to the secret marriage, Romeo and Juliet tragically die. Had Romeo and Juliet announced their wedding, they could still be alive. Juliet would not have had to fake her death to get out of the arranged marriage with Paris if she had told her parents about her and Romeo. Romeo does not receive the information of the Friar and Juliet's plan in time, and he kills himself in anguish over her death. As Juliet awakes from her slumber, she sees Romeo dead. Juliet then kills herself in bereavement over Romeo's death. Had Romeo and Juliet announced their wedding, then none of these tragic events ever would have happened as a result of their parents dispute.
Romeo and Juliet, the tragic play by William Shakespeare, centers around the love story between Romeo, the young heir of the Montagues, and Juliet, the daughter of the house of Capulet. This story starts off with two opposing families of royalty, the Montagues and the Capulets. These families have a deep seeded hatred for one another that traces way back into their family’s history. Shakespeare takes his audience though a heart churning tale of two star crossed lovers. From the start Romeo and Juliet’s love seemed to be an uphill battle that they would never win even with help. The relationship of Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story of two star crossed lovers trying to find a way to love each other.