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photosynthesis and respiration
environmental factors that affects the rate of photosynthesis
photosynthesis and respiration
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The Effect of Photosynthesis and Respiration on the Environment
The environment can be defined as the surroundings in which as organism lives, including the climate, the physical and chemical conditions of its habitat and its relationship with other living things.
Given the above understanding, it is therefore important that the right environment factors are in existence for some chemical reactions to take place. In the absence of optimum environmental factors, organisms would be compelled to adapt themselves to the prevailing environment. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are two important chemical reactions for which the environment is of paramount importance.
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants synthesize organic compounds, primarily sugars, from carbon dioxide, and water using sunlight and chlorophyll.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Respiration is the process by which plants and animals metabolically break down organic compounds, mainly carbohydrates to release energy for use such as in the bodily processes, such as active transport. It can be either aerobic or anaerobic.
Aerobic meaning respiration requires the presence of oxygen so as to take place. Oxygen is taken by the cell and CO2 out through diffusion or active transport. The carbon dioxide and water produced are used by plants during photosynthesis.
C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 6 H2O + 6 CO 2 + ENERGY
In anaerobic respiration sugar is broken down to produce ethanol in plants and lactic acid in animals.
IN PLANTS:
C6H12O6 2 CH3CH2OH + 2CO2 +ENERGY
IN ANIMALS:
C6H12O6 2CH3CH(OH)COOH + ENERGY
The effects of environment on photosynthe...
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...ich are interrelated. The end product of photosynthesis is the raw material of respiration. The byproducts of respiration are used in photosynthesis.
CO2 + H20 C2H12O6 + O2
Used in photosynthesis.
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With respiration of carbohydrates, the food is then converted to carbohydrates usually hexose sugar before being respired. There is an oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy.
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important in the cycle of energy to withstand life as we define it. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis have several stages in where the making of energy occurs, and have diverse relationships with organelles within the eukaryotic cell. These processes are central in how life has evolved.
Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., & Mitchell, L. G. Biology: Fifth Edition. Addison Wesley
7 Jones, M. , Fosbery, R. , Taylor, Dennis. , (2007), Biology 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Cellular respiration – “is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products” (definition)
3 Leicht B. G., McAllister B.F. 2014. Foundations of Biology 1411, 2nd edition. Southlake, TX: Fountainhead Press. Pp 137, 163-168, 177-180,
Glycolysis is the first process of aerobic respiration, it starts in the cytosol of the cell where it converts glucose into pyruvate molecules, NADH and a small number of ATP molecules. The pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix where it will undergo pyruvate decarboxylation, a reaction that involves a cofactor called coenzyme A and a NAD+ molecule to convert pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), CO2, NADH and H+. Acetyl-CoA is used as a fuel source in the next process of aerobic respiration, the citric acid cycle.
Colgan, Wes III, Ramsey, Linda, White, James D., and Spaulding, Jim. Explorations in Biology. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2010. 33-36. Print.
Michener, William K. and Haeuber, Richard A., Bioscience. American Institute of Biological Science. Sep98. Vol. 48. Issue 9. p677.
“Photosynthesis (literally, “synthesis from light”) is a metabolic process by which the energy of sunlight is captured and used to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates (which is represented as a six-carbon sugar, C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2)” (BioPortal, n.d., p. 190).
Cellular respiration is a process of simple reactions that allow organisms to get energy from food. Cellular Respiration requires oxygen and glucose to produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Since it requires oxygen, it is aerobic. The process of cellular respiration is broken into three stages. The three stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs’s cycle, and the electron transport chain. These stages allow for energy to be obtained in an organism. The process of the stages include breaking down food into energy molecules, breaking and rearranging molecules, and transporting them throughout the cell.
Cellular respiration is the chemical process that generates energy by breaking down food molecules when oxygen is present (Prentice Hall). The chemical equation of cellular respiration is 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy, meaning the reactants of cellular respiration are oxygen and glucose while the products are carbon dioxide, water, and energy (Gregory). Cellular respiration is crucial to life because it provides all cellular processes with the energy needed in order to function. This process involves glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain (Dr. Fankhauser).
Photosynthesis is a process in which carbohydrates are formed from carbon dioxide and hydrogen and in this light act as an energy source. End result is also oxygen and some byproducts. It is mainly done by plants not by animals. In photosynthesis plant uses the light taken from the sun for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen. It converts the carbon dioxide taken from the atmosphere to oxygen whereas cellular respiration is opposite to that of photosynthesis. Human inhales oxygen which is produced by those plants and exhale carbon dioxide. In cellular respiration a compound is formed which is known as ATP. It is basically a process in which breaking of nutrients occur to provide humans with energy so that
TutorVista.com (2015), states that; “photosynthesis and cellular respiration are metabolic reactions that complete each other in the environment. They are the same reactions but occur in reverse. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water yield glucose and oxygen respiration, process glucose and oxygen yield carbon dioxide and water, catabolic pathway process which requires or contains molecular oxygen for the production of adenosine triphosphate. This three step aerobic respiration cycle occurs in the cytoplasm and in the organelles called mitochondria. Within this process, cells break down oxygen and glucose in its storable form called adenosine triphosphate or ATP. This cellular respiration or sometimes called an exothermic reaction is similar to a combustion type reaction whereby the cell releases energy in the form heat but at a much slower rate within a living cell. According to our text, Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, (2010, pg. 94), cellular respiration is stated as “The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work; involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis”. It is also my understanding that it is possible for cellular respiration to take place without oxygen, which is called anaerobic respiration. In the anaerobic respiration process the glycosis step or sometimes referred to as the metabolic pathway process deferrers because the anaerobic condition produces
When humans consume plants, the carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins that are broken down through two forms of cellular respiration. The two processes of cellular respiration displayed in humans are anaerobic or aerobic. The deciding process used depends on the presence of oxygen. Cellular respiration converts the material into useable energy called ATP. ATP is the energy form that cells can use to perform their various functions and it can also be stored for later use. Without plants, none of this energy could be produced and the herbivores that humans consume would not exist.