This paper examines the physics involved in driving a golf ball off the tee. The objective of a drive is to achieve the greatest distance while leaving the golf ball in the middle of the fairway. Several factors will be considered in achieving the longest, and most accurate drive. The factors include calculating the velocity of the golf ball after the club and ball collide, the mass of the club head, launch angle, the shape of the club face, and finding the optimal golf ball. Intuition tells us that the larger the velocity of the club head at impact with the golf ball, the larger the velocity of the golf ball after the impact. To calculate the velocity of the golf ball we need to consider the relationship between the velocity of the club head to the velocity of the golf ball. If the collision between club head and ball were elastic we would be able to use Conservation of Mechanical Energy and Conservation of Momentum to determine final velocities of club head and ball after collision, but the golf ball undergoes some deformation at time of impact, thus some energy is lost. A simple test of bouncing a golf ball on a solid surface shows that the golf ball does not return to it's initial height. The elasticity of a ball (e) is equal to the proportion of the velocity before collision to the velocity after collision. If the collision was elastic, e = 1. If the collision was perfectly inelastic, e = 0. The value of e is between 0.70 and 0.80. In order for there to be a collision the initial velocity of the club head must be greater than the initial velocity of the golf ball. Also for there to be separation, the final velocity of the golf ball must be greater than the final velocity of the club head. Thus the eq... ... middle of paper ... ...ar Application to Golf.” The Physics of Sports. By Angelo Armenti, Jr. New York: AIP Press, 1992. 71-76. 2 Daish, C. B. The Physics of Ball Games. London: English Universities Press, 1972. 3 Kim, Kevin. Shut Up and Play. 23 Nov. 2002 . 4 MacDonald, William M., and Stephen Hanzely. “The Physics of the Drive in Golf.” American Journal of Physics 59.3 (1991): “213-218”. 5 Penner, A. Raymond. “The Physics of Golf: The Convex Face of a Driver.” American Journal of Physics 69.10 (2001): “1073-1081”. 6 - - -. “The Physics of Golf: The Optimum Loft of a Driver.” American Journal of Physics 69.5 (2001): “563-568”. 7 Serway, Raymond A., Robert J. Beichner, and John W. Jewett, Jr. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing, 2000.
The agency I chose to do is the Hillandale golf course, which is located in Durham North Carolina. The reason why I chose to do my project on Hillandale golf course because since the beginning of the semester I have been traveling over to the golf course twice a week for a class learning the rules and the way the game of golf is played. Hillandale golf course is named the “Granddaddy golf course of Durham/ Research Triangle golf”. Hillandale was donated to the Durham area back in 1911 through the philanthropic interests of long-time Durham resident John Sprunt Hill. Donald Ross and Perry Maxwell originally designed the course. Donald Ross had designed the first 9 holes and Perry Maxwell came up with the last 9 holes. Since 1960 over 1.7 million rounds of golf have been played that being an average of 45,000 yearly. This public golf course provides a challenge from each level of players in the game of golf. In 1960, the Hillandale Golf Course was moved to its current location in Durham and was redesigned by George Cobb, who is also the designer of the Surf Club in Myrtle Beach, S.C.
The golf swing is possibly one of the most challenging and technical processes. In Eric Nagourney’s article, Exploring the science of the golf
Although golfers end the day on the 18th green, their day begins on a tee box. A drive, the first hit off a tee toward the objective hole, may seem very routine and insignificant, but, in fact, it is the most important shot taken on each hole. If golfers hit a long drive into the nicely cut fairway, they have only to hit the ball off the nicely cut grass on usually a clear path to the hole. But if they hit a drive into the woods, then they have to make sure the ball does not hit any trees, branches, or other obstacles when exiting the woods. That’s why hitting a good drive is a must. With practice, even you can hit a fundamental drive.
Golf is a game of honor. The furthest ball from the hole must be hit first to try and get it in. In match play, if the a player gets a double par they must pick up the ball and move on to the next hole. In golf, a player compete against an opponent to see who can hit the ball in the hole, the least amount of strokes. The athlete must endure mild to intense workouts to become good at the sport. The most important aspect to work on in golf, is the swing. The athlete must focus on their golf swing to perform optimal swing mechanics. This is because the players consistency for 18 holes “depends on a stable golf swing” (Pedersen). While swinging a club, a person can work at least 16 different muscle groups in their body, so training these muscle groups will help their overall ability. Last but not least balance is another essential for every golf player. In golf, “...players who are restricted in their hips or shoulders start to strike the ball better if they downshift to 75 percent or 80 percent of full tempo” (Nilsson). Balance is a key factor in playing and being good at
Baseball is a fascinating sport that is exceptionally fun to play. This assignment is all about understanding the physics of a few key aspects of this sport. One might ask what physics could have to do with baseball? Like most sports baseball involves physical motion. Baseball encompasses all three planes of motion through throwing, hitting, and fielding. All of the classical laws of mechanics can be applied to understand the physics of this game.
Avid golfers know all too well the elusive nature of the golf club’s sweet spot. It is a mystery they spend hours trying to solve on the links, usually to no avail. What sets apart amateurs from the professionals is the ability to consistently strike the highly critical pinpoint portion of the club. It is easy to see the difference between the consistency of an amateur and a professional with the definition of the wear spots on the pro’s golf club located where the sweet spot should be (see figure 1 below). Although many complex factors influence the path of a golf ball, the sweet spot has proven essential to maximize the final distance. The sweet spot is all powerful because of its ability to compress the golf ball. The transfer of energy that occurs through the perfect strike produces the largest velocity of the ball and therefore the greatest distance. The reason that mastery of hitting the hot spot of the clubface is close to unmanageable for the average amateur golfer is simply because of all the factors at play. Focusing on the most important part of the golf swing, impact with the ball, narrows the whole motion down into a split second of action. For golfers, the swing has little to do with success on the course, it is how efficient players are at the moment of striking the golf ball. In other words, it all comes down to that moment of impact. This allows people with a variety of body types and ages to excel at the sport throughout their life. Strength has a small role in lowering scores on the course and sending the ball farther down the fairway. An example of the small role that the golfer’s physical size plays, in relation to mastery of the sweet spot, is that I, at 5’7”, consistently drive the ball further than my 6’2”, considerably larger father. Researching and perfecting the sweet spot remains an important field of study in all the big name club manufacturers, as well as in the United States Golf Association (USGA).
Technology and tradition affects everyone who plays golf, especially those who have a passion for the game. It’s no secret that the technologies of golf have altered the game, but are these alterations harming the game? The game is surely changing, introducing new technologies that have greater forgiveness, making it such that a weekend golfer can still obtain better scores. The most interesting aspect of the game is the evolution of the equipment itself, and how the United States Golf Association (USGA) has regulated to protect the integrity of the game.
The game of golf is one of the oldest of today’s modern sports. Its exact beginnings are not known; however, some historians trace golf back to the Stone Age while others claim it originated from the “idle antics of shepherd boys knocking small stones into holes in the ground with a crook while their flocks grazed nearby” (Peper 1). Researched back to the time of the Roman Empire, it is also believed the sports-oriented Romans played a forerunner of the game of golf called paganica. This sport involved the use of a bent stick and a ball stuffed with wool played in the open countryside.
Penner (2001a) showed while keeping the club head speed and mass constant, the main determinant of the drive distance is the dynamic loft of the club which responsively affects the launch angle of the ball. He found that at keeping the mass at 200g and speed at 45ms-1, the dynamic loft leading to the maximum carry distance is 14.9º while the optimal dynamic loft for achieving greatest drive distances is 10.7º. The second value is significantly lower, because with a lower dynamic loft, the launch angle is lower, thus the ball gets a longer run.
Golf is the ultimate battle between man and nature. It is a beautiful sport in which dreams come true and hearts are broken. Man is challenged on every stroke by nature’s elements. Wind and rain are only a few of the conditions that affect this great game. Undulating hills, sand bunkers, thick rough, and even creeks and ponds come into play on most golf courses. These features are fierce at Augusta National Golf Course. Located along the fall line, the natural beauty of the region is the perfect complement to this championship golf course. Every spring when the flowers are in full bloom, Augusta plays host to The Masters Championship and is transformed into the Mecca of Golf.
Over the years, science has come to play a big part in sports all around the world. Whether an athlete is shooting a ball, or even just running up and down a playing field, there comes in factors of science determining the outcome. The game of basketball features projectile motions and collisions, energy and momentum, and much more. By studying the physics behind a basketball shot, one can develop insight into the shooting conditions most likely to result in a successful shot. This paper will focus on the physics behind the most fundamental shot in all of basketball, the lay up, and the backspin on a jump shot.
Imagine the sun bursting through the trees for the first time of the new day, the smell of freshly cut grass still potent to your nose as you tee the ball up for a round of golf in the cool mist of a spring morning. "That is what brings you back every time, the smell of the air, the coolness of the whether and the beautiful surroundings that make every shot enjoyable." (Suess, PI) This is the game of golf in its finest and most exquisite time to many people and many people it has touched in its long history. Golf is a lifestyle and not just games to people that are avid in playing. The game of golf has a history that is rich in technological advances and personal accomplishments, which through time has shown to shape the sport into what it has become today.
In the world of sport, a selection of game’s have been labeled as the “gentleman’s choice”. However, when push comes to shove, only one sport can rightfully stake claim to the tag, with that sport being golf. Many decisions and bonds have been done while playing this grass-laden game. Well, considering the sheer popularity of golf, Pipeline49 has brought the sport to life within its latest online casino slots release. Aptly titled Closest to the Pin, this game is all about precision and, quite frankly, we can’t get enough of it.
...the more energy is lost and the less the ball bounces back. The less denting that occurs, the more energy is kept and the higher the ball bounces back.
Volleyball is a sport that includes many elements from physics. Next time you are playing or watching your friend or family member play volleyball think about the elements in physics involved. Without gravity,work velocity, acceleration, work,and the Newton's 3 laws of motion, volleyball wouldn’t be the same. In this paper I will explain how you can use work, velocity, gravity and acceleration along with newton's three laws of motion