Most people have some sort of familiarity with submarine crafts; most of which are most likely related to the navy. This is a very accurate depiction of submarines, as they are primarily used for this, however, they are used in areas of scientific research as well. The purpose of this web page is to go into the history of the submarine to see how it has developed over time. We will also look at how a submarine works, from a physics standpoint.
The History of Submarines
332 BC Aristotle described a type of submersible chamber used by the sailors of Alexander the Great during the Blockade of Tiros.
200 BC There is evidence that there was a primitive submarine in China that was able to move by the bottom of the sea.
1578 AD Much later in time, the first actual design for a submarine was presented by William Borne. In this design was the concept of ballast tanks (I will go into more depth on these later) used to submerge and surface. This design, however, was never actually built.
1620 AD A Dutchman, named Cornelis Drebel, built the first successful submarine with a wooden frame that was encased in leather. This craft was able to carry 12 rowers and eight additional people, totaling the people in the craft to 20. This vessel was capable of diving to depths of 20 meters and could travel 10 kilometers at a time. This submarine was tested in the Thames River, and would often remain submerged for hours. This submarine was the first to address the problem of oxygen shortage.
1775 AD David Bushnell, an engineering student at Yale, invented the “Turtle”. This egg shaped submarine was driven by two, hand-cranked screw propellers; one controlling forward movemen...
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...into fresh water through a distillation process. The distillation plant on submarines can produce 10,000 to 40,000 gallons of water per day. The water is mainly used for cooling equipment and for the crews’ personal use.
Sources
Fruedenrich, Craig, Ph.D, and Marshall Brain. How Submarines Work. 10 Apr. 2003
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Guilmartin, John F, Jr. About Submarines. 10 Apr. 2003
about.html>.
The National Museum of American History. 10 Apr. 2003 .
Serway, Raymond A, and Robert J Beichner. Physics: For Scientists and Engineers. United States of
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The United States Navy. The Evolution of Submarine Design. 10 Apr. 2003
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The Project Office was created in 1982 and a contract with the Australian Submarine Corporation Pty Ltd (ASC) was signed in June 1987. The first submarine, HMAS Collins, was launched in August 1993. This was a significant achievement for ASC and its subcontractors given that the production program commenced at widely separated sites in 1987 and ran in parallel with design and system development (ANAO, 1998).
Just before the Great War, an opportunity arose which had the potential to ameliorate the exposed Canadian West Coast. Less than a week before hostilities commenced, Mr. J. V. Paterson, president of the Seattle Construction and Dryrock Company, was in Victoria on business. Mr. J.V Paterson's fateful presence in the Victoria's Union Club catalysed a series of events in which the availability of two submarines was not only realized by the locals but by also BC's pre...
5th Feb, 2014. Wolf, Johnathan. " The Spotlights." Wolf, Johnathan. AP Physics B. Barron’s:
***With the cost involved in building one U-Boat, five corvettes can be built, enough to escort a convoy in the Atlantic Ocean and outmaneuver a U-Boat.
The Titanic has more to the story then you would think,or what you have probably learned. About a hundred years ago, there was a ship called the Titanic. Have you ever wondered the exact numbers about it? How about how long it took to sink? Well in my paper you will learn about building it, to the remains of it.
The standard torpedo of the war suffered from early problems with its internal depth-keeping equipment, and its firing pistol, but these were solved after the Norwegian Campaign. In mid 1942 an improved version was introduced with an increased battery capacity. The increased battery capacity increased the range 50%.
The titanic was a ship that was huge and extremely advanced. The ship took 3 years to be completed and over 3, 000 people worked on it. Although the final product could not be fully used it was a well built ship. This ship was well equipped with the best and
In April of 1908, the construction of the RMS Titanic was announced. Building the ship did not start until March 31, 1909, after her older sister, the Olympic ,underwent construction on November 16, 1908. These two ships were basically the same except for one thing: the Titanic was 1,000 tons bigger. Approximately 15,000 workers were hired to build the ocean liner. It cost $7.5 million to build (Hopkinson, Deborah). Seven months after the Olympic was first launched, the Titanic followed on May 31, 1911. More than 100,000 spectators came to watch the event. Construction finally ended on April 2, 1912, eight days before the maiden voyage was to begin.
Archaeology is a continuously evolving field where there is a constant stream of new branches and excavation methods. Due to the influx of new technologies and innovations in recent decades, archaeologists have been able to excavate previously inaccessible areas. For example, new diving equipment and tools such as proton magnetometers, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, and miniature submarines have allowed archaeologists to dive into the deep depths of the ocean. As a result, the branch of underwater archaeology was created to search for shipwrecks and other artifacts on the ocean floor. Underwater archaeology’s role has increased in recent years as it allows archaeologists to more accurately interpret the past by supplementing information gained through traditional land excavations.
The roots of the machine go back to at least the fifth century B.C. in China. In its most primitive form, it consisted of a pivoted beam with a sling at one end and ropes at the other. A stone would be placed in the sling and a team of men would haul the ropes, swinging the beam up into the air”1.
The Lincoln tunnel was possible thanks to tunneling shield technology. This was used to be able to dig under a body of water. Marc Isambard Brunel and Thomas Cochrane built this
On April 30, 1907, an idea was born out of the minds of Bruce Ismay and William James Pirrie to build an unsinkable ship: the Titanic. A company, Harland and Wolff, out of Belfast, Ireland were commissioned to build this miraculous ship (United States). The company made quick work, and within a few days short of five years, the Titanic was then ready to set sail from its location in Belfast to Southampton, England. On April 10, 1912, the Titanic left for Southampton and arrived within the next 24 hours. There were 2,223 passengers consisting of immigrants to millionaires on board preparing to set sail for New York hoping to find their way to a better life (United States). The Titanic gave many people a chance to start a new life in America,
Transportation became a huge contributor to the industries of the 1800’s and 1900’s. “Steam boat experiments as early as 1780s both in England and America, but the need was greater in America.’ The steamboat uses a water and and a boiler that is powered by a fuel, which can be wood, coal, or other combustible entity. “The first successful steamboat may have been built by French engineer and inventor Claude-François-Dorothée, in 1783.” As years went by, engineers such as John Fitch and Robert Fulton began building and deploying steamships, with American inventor Fitch in the Mississippi, and English engineer Fulton on the Hudson River of New York. With the steamboat being the first mechanically powered vessel known to humans, it provided a faster new forme of transportation for traders in Americas and Europe. The steam-powered boats could travel at the astonishing speed of up to five miles per hour.
2) Fundamentals of Physics Extended: Fifth Edition. David Hanley, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore. 1997.