Missing equations / figures
We as humans have always been fascinated with the unknown.� We seek to conquer every frontier.� Today, the final frontier is space.� So, many people are very interested in rockets, the vehicle for conquering the final frontier.� Most people have a general idea of how rockets work, but very few have an understanding of the physics behind their flight, which scientists spent many years perfecting.
Rocket propulsion is not like many other kinds of propulsion that are based on the principle of a rotation based engine.� For example, a car engine produces rotational energy to turn the wheels of the car.� And, a airplane engine produces rotational energy to spin a turbine.� But, rocket propulsion is based on Newton�s Third Law, which says that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.� So, rockets work by pushing fuel out the back, which in turn pushes the rocket forward.� The mass of the fuel pushed out the back of the rocket multiplied by the velocity of the fuel is equal to the mass of the rocket multiplied by the velocity of the rocket in the opposite direction.� Although there is always some energy loss in any type of engine, the rocket is propelled forward.
There are many forces that a rocket must overcome, especially during liftoff.� Newton�s second law says that force is equal to mass times acceleration (F=ma).� However, for a rocket the calculations are not that simple because the rocket�s mass is always changing as it burns up fuel.� So, we have to replace a new term with F, leading to
�where is a term for the thrust of the rocket and it is defined by R, the fuel consumption rate, and is the fuel�s exhaust speed relative to the rocket.� Also, we replace m with M and define M as the instantaneous mass of the rocket, including the unexpended fuel.
We also have to incorporate the other forces acting on the rocket, such as gravity and air resistance.� The force of gravity is equal to mg.� The force of air resistance is
�where C is the drag coefficient, is the air density, A is the cross-sectional area of the body perpendicular to the velocity, and v is the velocity.� By themselves, these formulas seem somewhat easy, but a rocket�s flight incorporates many variable forces that make the calculations much more difficult.� We have already examined the rocket�s upward force and how the changing mass makes the force vary.
Ever since I was little I was amazed at the ability for a machine to fly. I have always wanted to explore ideas of flight and be able to actually fly. I think I may have found my childhood fantasy in the world of aeronautical engineering. The object of my paper is to give me more insight on my future career as an aeronautical engineer. This paper was also to give me ideas of the physics of flight and be to apply those physics of flight to compete in a high school competition.
The piston is pushed upward by the flywheel's momentum, compressing the air/fuel mix. 3. Combustion: As the piston reaches the top of its stroke or TDC, the spark plug fires, igniting the mixture. Due to the high compression of this mixture, it is very volatile and it explodes when the spark is introduced. This pushes the piston downward and produces power.
Many people are amazed with the flight of an object, especially one the size of an airplane, but they do not realize how much physics plays a role in this amazing incident. There are many different ways in which physics aids the flight of an aircraft. In the following few paragraphs some of the many ways will be described so that you, the reader, will realize physics at work in the world of flight.
In this inquiry the relationship between force and mass was studied. This inquiry presents a question: when mass is increased is the force required to move it at a constant velocity increased, and how large will the increase be? It is obvious that more massive objects takes more force to move but the increase will be either linear or exponential. To hypothesize this point drawing from empirical data is necessary. When pulling an object on the ground it is discovered that to drag a four-kilogram object is not four times harder than dragging a two-kilogram object. I hypothesize that increasing the mass will increase the force needed to move the mass at a constant rate, these increases will have a liner relationship.
An object that is falling through the atmosphere is subjected to two external forces. The first force is the gravitational force, expressed as the weight of the object. The weight equation which is weight (W) = mass (M) x gravitational acceleration (A) which is 9.8 meters per square second on the surface of the earth. The gravitational acceleration decreases with the square of the distance from the center of the earth. If the object were falling in a vacuum, this would be the only force acting on the object. But in the atmosphere, the motion of a falling object is opposed by the air resistance or drag. The drag equation tells us that drag is equal to a coefficient times one half the air density (R) times the velocity (V) squared times a reference area on which the drag coefficient is based.
In this paper you will learn so much about rockets you can become a rocket specialist. Many may ask how do rockets work? Many will respond that they are pushed against something but that is wrong. Since rocket's main purpose are to travel in space where there is nothing, not even air they can not rely on “something” to push themselves against in space. This is the right answer to how rockets work; Rockets use fuel, they burn the fuel and it turns into hot gas.
This equation shows that mass will not affect the speed of an object, proving that whatever the mass of an object, the speed will always remain the same if all the other factors are kept constant.
When the air resistance force on a free-falling object is equal to the pull. of gravity, the object will reach its terminal velocity, i.e. it cannot fall any faster. According to Newton's Second Law, mg - F = ma. in this case, the resultant falling force of the ball minus the air. resistance force is equal to the mass of the ball multiplied by its acceleration).
As the air flows over the wing producing lift, it grabs onto the wings surface and causes drag. Drag can be measured by the equation D=Cd 1/2 (pV2)S, much like the lift equation. The drag coeficent Cd is found, again, by determining ...
According to Newton’s third law of motion, forces always act in equal but opposite pairs. Another way of saying this is for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction. This means that when you push on a wall, the wall pushes back on you with a force equal in strength to the force you exerted. The forces exerted by two objects on each other are often called and action-reaction force pair. Either force can be considered the action force or the reaction force. Action and reaction force pairs don’t cancel because they act on different objects. You constantly use action-reaction force pairs as you move about. When you jump, you push down on the ground. The ground then pushes up on you. It is this upward force that pushes you into the air. When a bird flies, its wings push in a downward and a backward direction. This pushes air downward and backward. By Newton’s third law, the air pushes back on the bird in the opposite directions, upward and forward. When you walk forward, you push backward on the ground. Your shoe pushes Earth backward, and Earth pushes your shoe forward. Earth has so much mass compared to you that it does not move noticeably when you push it. Also like a rocket launch, when the rocket fuel is ignited, a hot gas is produced. As the gas molecules collide with the inside engine walls, the walls exert a force that pushes them out of the bottom of
One thing that helped build a space rocket was a V-2 rocket built by the Germans during WWII. Throughout the years the V-2 rocket turned into the Saturn V rocket. The Saturn V was a rocket NASA built to send people to the moon. The Saturn V rocket was 363 feet tall and about the height of a 36-story-tall building. The Saturn V that launched the Skylab space station only had two stages. The Saturn V rockets used for the Apollo missions had three stages. Each stage would burn its engines until it was out of fuel and would then separate from the rocket and then the next one will start. If it wasn’t for the V-2 and German scientist, von Braun the USA would probably have not traveled to space. The USA sent astronaut John Glent to circle the Earth in 1962 to retaliate the launching of Sputnik. In 1969, a milestone was reached when the USA sent astronaut Neil Armstrong to the moon. The technology on the ship that took Neil to space was equivalent to a basic calculator built in 1980. They took a 64Kb computer (the moon lander) with them to space. It had approximately 64...
Subsequently, this kind of the long-distance effect had to occur more and more away from the position of launching to prevent self-damage. Therefore, the fulfillment of a long dream of the human race, to be able to fly, came just in time – and now, not everything that came from above was good anymore.
The second law is, “the relationship between an objects mass (m), its acceleration (a), and the applied force (f) is F= ma.” The heavier object requires more force to move an object, the same distance as light object. The equation gives us an exact relationship between Force, mass, and acceleration.
In this assessment of the projectile motion of an object, I found that it can be applied to many useful situations in our daily lives. There are many different equations and theorems to apply to an object in motion to either find the path of motion, the displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time of the object in the air.