So you are into reloading and you wonder how well that little package with 77 grains of IMR 4350 powder behind a 300 grain round nose, full metal jacket bullet will do. Well, you can do two things, a little bit of physics calculations, or go out and touch it off, hoping that it doesn’t explode in the barrel! I would choose to do a little physics myself… By using some basic physics equations, you can figure out just about any part of the rifles ballistics data. For instance, if you know a few variables, you can predict range with physics, or if you like you can figure things like drag on the bullet, pressure and expansion values inside the gun, on the bullet and much more, all from physics.
So, lets take a look at both the potential and kinetic energies of the .338 Winchester magnum. I will use a load given by the Winchester Reloading manual, which can be found online at:
http://www.winchester.com/reloader/index.html
This load is a 300 grain bullet, using 59.8 grains of Winchester 760 powder, and this gives a muzzle velocity of 2285 ft/sec.
For potential energy we know that PE=mgh, where PE= Potential Energy, m=mass, g=acceleration due to gravity, and h=height.
So for a 300-grain bullet, the potential energy is calculated by first finding the mass. To do this, take 300grains/7000grains/pound. This gives you a value of .042857lbs. Then we need to convert pounds to slugs (slugs are the units of mass…) .042857lb/32.2ft/s^2=.001331slugs. Now we can calculate the potential energy of our 300-grain bullet. We will assume that h=six feet, since that is roughly the height of the barrel when I shoot from a standing position. So, since PE=mgh, we get PE=(.00133slugs)(32.2ft/sec^2)(6ft)=.256956lbft. The answer is pretty much nothing and so we can pretty much ignore the potential energy of that bullet sitting at six feet in the air, but now lets look at the Kinetic energy of this bullet when shot. Since this bullet will be twisting when it flies, it will have rotational kinetic energy, but I really don’t want to get into those calculations and from what I have read, the amount of energy given by rotation versus that of the charge behind the bullet is really insignificant so I will only calculate the KE as if the bullet is not rotating. The formula is KE=1/2mv^2.
The Kansas City Gun Experiment was a study that took place between 1992 and 1993. The goal of the study was to examine if increased police patrol in a “hot spot” of the city would help to reduce the amount of gun-related crime. The data collected by the research team was solely quantitative as it mainly consisted of statistics and other data numerical in nature of the increase/decrease of gun violence in these beats. After the twenty-nine week period of the study, the experiment’s findings showed that an increase in police patrol, as well as seizure of illegally carried guns, did help to eliminate gun-related crimes.
and similar rounds such as .223 and 7.62 x 39mm, as well as soft nosed expanding rifle
The amount of ammunition that is allowed by law to be loaded into a firearm criminalize many popular handguns, even those used by the military like the Beretta m9 9mm, which is the standard issue side arm of the United States military that has an ammo capacity of a whopping 15 bullets. 16 bullets if one is locked in the chamber. According to this new law only seven are allowed to be loaded at any given time except when in a competition on a range.
You need steel shot. Before 1992 you were able to you brass shot, but they changed that. They switched to steel shot because it’s a non-toxic metal, opposed to brass. It made the water ways just a little less toxic and when you shoot a duck and say you just hit it with one or two brass pellets. Well that’s not a fatal blow the duck could survive, but with the brass shot being toxic and harmful it would die from blood poisoning down the road which is bad for Waterfowl. If you hit the duck with steel shot it has a chance to live if it go away because it wouldn’t die from blood poisoning. When choosing your type of bullet there are a lot of considerations to take into hand. First of all you get steel shot but the best to get is either four shot or lower. Then choosing the velocity of the bullet you want to get something that is going to move out there at a reasonable speed. The lowest you can go is 1330 feet per second, which really isn’t recommended. Then the highest velocity that you can go is 1760 feet per second. What a lot of people usually prefer is 1550 feet per second, which is the happy medium. If you make the transition to a higher or lower velocity then it makes it hard to hit your target, because when the duck or goose is flying you have to lead it and it’s hard to get a range on how much to lead them when you switching around on what velocity that you are shooting. Then you have to take into consideration the size of your bullet. When choosing a bullet size you can have usually anywhere from two and three quarters of an inch up to three and a half inches. The typical sizes are two and three quarters and three inches, because they won’t get jammed when cocking out your
There are three main areas of paintball that I will be analyzing. First the way in which a paintball leaves the barrel of a paintball marker. Second the way in which a paintball fly's through the air and lastly how to determine optimum ranges for paintballs.
Each shot couldn’t be more than inches from the center of the bull’s eye. At the end of these contests, 1,000 winners were enlisted in the 1st United States sharper shooters. The next generation of breechloaders, called magazine rifles, would prove ever more deadly to confederate opponents. “Guns such as Spencer and Henry repeating rifles were designed to carry preloaded magazine of seven to fifteen bullets which could be inserted into the rear of the gun. ”3
The purpose of the projectile lab is to test the validity of the law of conservation of energy. The application of this law to our everyday lives is a surprisingly complicated process. Conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but that it can be transferred from one form to another. Consider the projectile lab from document A that this essay is based upon. In an ideal experiment, the projectile is isolated from everything except the gravitational field. In this case, the only force acting on the particle is gravity and there are only two forms of energy that are of interest: the energy of the particle due to its motion (defined as kinetic
Well it's quite simple actually. Spudguns use some of the same principles as internal combustion engines. Just as burning gas forces a piston out of a cylinder it can also force out a potato. A spudgun is a device that uses some form of propellant to project a potato across the sky. Usually these devices are made of ABS plastic sewer pipe. There are several major parts of the spud gun that these pages will refer to. These parts are the firing chamber, the igniter, and the barrel.
One of the most important aspects behind a gun is the gun powder. Gun powder is an explosive powder that when ignited sets off a violent reaction. The discovery of gun powder or black powder is very ironic, the Chinese in the early 12th century were trying to make a potion for immortality and they discovered what would be one of the most deaths inductive creations known to man. Gun powder is very simple creation only three ingredients sulfur, potassium nitrate, and charcoal when ground and mixed these make gun powder. The original uses for this were in rockets to scare the invading army’s around the wall of china. Without this substance the world would be very different than it is today, war could possibly be fought with swords and bows rather than machine guns and sniper rifles.
In Firearms: A Global History to 1700, Kenneth Chase investigates why Europe perfected firearms when the Chinese invented them. Kenneth Chase is an attorney at law who received his PhD in East Asian Languages and Civilizations from Harvard University. He uses primary sources in the form of texts and paintings as well as secondary sources in this monograph to trace the origin and spread of firearms. He also uses these sources to characterize militaries and determine why they used or did not use firearms. Chase dismisses the notion that the discrepancy between Eastern and Western firearms development was the result of cultural aversion. If anything, he argues that Europeans were more averse to firearms due to its association to Satan and a general
...rounds per minute, all with just the pull of the trigger. The recoil operation was a milestone in machine gun development. Warfare had truly changed. “Point a machine, and killing men was like killing bugs” (Chivers, 2010, p.85). It used new forms of cartridges which were placed on a belt that was automatically fed into the gun via the recoil operation.
First the energy of conservation. The setting of the trebuchet before firing is shown in Fig 1. A heavy counterweight of mass (M) (contained in a large bucket) on the end of the short arm of a sturdy beam was raised to some height while a smaller mass (m) (the projectile), was positioned on the end of the longer arm near or on the ground. In practice the projectile was usually placed in a leather sling attached to the end of the longer arm. However for simplicity, we shall ignore the sling and compensate for this omission by increasing the assumed length of the beam on the projectile’s side. The counterweight was then allowed to fall so that the longer arm swung upward, the sling following, and the projectile was ultimately thrown from its container at some point near the top of the arc. The far end of the sling was attached to the arm by a rope in such a way that the release occurred at a launching angle near the optimum value ( most likely by repeated trials) for the launch height. The launching position is shown in fig.2 where we have assumed that the projectile is released at the moment the entire beam is vertical. In the figures: (a)=height of the pivot, (b)= length of the short arm, (c)= length of the long arm, while (v) and (V) are the velocities of (m) and (M), respectively, at the moment of launching.
making all the rest explode. That was Sam Colt’s first gun design he made (Peterson 209).
Most guns are generally classified into three types: handguns, rifles, and shotguns. Rifles and shotguns are both considered long guns. A semi-automatic gun shoots exactly one bullet each time the trigger is pulled, it then removes the shell of the bullet, and automatically replaces it with another bullet for the next shot. The fully-automatic gun also known by many people as a machine gun shoots numerous bullets with only one pull of the trigger.
Useful for the military, projectile motion can now be used for a number of weapons; which is when an object (like a bullet or cannon) is thrown-projected- and mov...