(A)Wound healing is a biological process occurring in the human body. In this lecture we had discussed about both acute and chronic wounds. An acute wound is an injury to the skin that occurs suddenly rather than over time. It heals at a predictable and expected rate according to the normal wound healing process. The chronic wounds do not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time the way most wounds do.
The normal wound healing process mainly consists of four main stages being haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation or new tissue formation, and tissue remodeling or resolution. For a wound to heal well the above mentioned stages should occur in a sequential and orderly manner. Disturbances, abnormalities and delays in any of the above stages may lead to impaired healing or even chronic wounds. In adults, this process of normal healing takes place in the following steps (1)rapid haemostasis (2)appropriate inflammation (3)mesenchymal cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration to the wound site (4)suitable angiogenesis (5)prompt re-epithelialization and (6) proper synthesis, cross-linking, and alignment of collagen to provide strength to the healing tissue.
Immediately after wounding, the first phase of hemostatsis sets in motion with vascular constriction which restricts the blood flow in the blood vessels followed by the platelets plug formation which creates a temporary blockage of blood flow and then coagulation takes place with fibrin clot formation. The clot and surrounding tissue release pro-inflammatory growth factors and cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-13, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).
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...h scaffolding and other methods may increase cell viability which is major backdrop in stem cells use.
References:
1. Stem Cells and Healing: Impact on Inflammation: William J. Ennis,1 " 2' * Audrey Sui, 2 and Amelia Bartholomew3.
2. Factors Affecting Wound Healing : S. Guo and L.A. DiPietro*.
3. Wound repair and regeneration:Geoffrey C. Gurtner1, Sabine Werner2, Yann Barrandon3,4 & Michael T. Longaker1
4. Current Status of the Use of Modalities in Wound Care: Electrical Stimulation and Ultrasound Therapy: William J. Ennis, D.O.,M.B.A.,Claudia Lee, M.P.T.,Malgorzata Plummer, M.D.,Patricio Meneses, Ph.D.
5. Exploring the role of stem cells in cutaneous wound healing: Katherine Lau, Ralf Paus, Stefan Tiede.
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative-pressure_wound_therapy
7. Promotion of wound healing with electrical stimulation: Kloth LCMcCulloch JM
Carlton suffered an acute tissue injury on his foot after stepping on a sharp edge shell, which disrupted the layers of the skin. Immediately after an injury occurs, an inflammatory response begins, which serves to control and eliminate altered tissue/cells, microorganism, and antigens. This takes place in two phases. 1) The vascular phase, in which small vessels(arterioles, venules) at the site of injury undergo changes. Beginning, with
The cells unique nature has scientists intrigued to do research with the focus of finding a way that these cells can be used to replace patients’ injured or diseased tissues. Advancement is made to all the three types of stem cells namely embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells in addition to induced pluripotent cells. Embryonic cells are the building blocks of an embryo that is developing, and can develop into almost all body cell types. Somatic cells are found in the body tissues. They renew and regenerate in healthy bodies. The third type which is induced pluripotent is genetically modified embryo cells from skin cells.2 Research on these cells are geared towards saving humanity; a noble course.
The Beauty Industry being such a wide market of services and products include providing for the care of our skin, hair, selling of perfumes and cosmetics (“What is the Beauty Industry?”2014) and now developing more extensively into basic cosmetic surgery and treatments, now gives society a big opportunity to pamper and nourish themselves in more extensive ways. Throughout this essay, the branches of dermatology and dermal therapies will be explained; common skin disorders and specifically a treatment called ‘Ultrasonic Peeling’ and how it can potentially help with skin disorders imposed today will be explored and described in detail. After the investigation of what Ultrasonic Peeling is and how it works, I will also state my opinion on how well I think the treatment benefits its users, give my evaluation if I would consider using it, what I think the positives and negatives are and in scenario, assess whether it is a treatment that more salons should consider offering.
In conclusion there are many diverse types of dressings available for wound management, with no solitary dressing being claimed to be the best due to the differences amongst health care professionals. There are on going searches for an ideal wound dressing for the management of ulcers. In weighting out the negatives and positives there is no hesitation in saying that hydrocolloid dressings make a significant involvement in the contribution to modern wound management and is deemed a success for the management of patients with decubitus ulcers.
The granulation tissue formation stage of wound repair relies heavily on neovascularization, expanding the limits of O2 and nutrients diffusion in tissues through new blood vessel development. Vasculogenesis is the mechanism of new vessel formation by vascular progenitor cells instinctively self-assembling. However, the main focus of this article is angiogenesis, the augmentation of pre-existing blood vessels to yield new vessels. Angiogenesis is controlled by soluble factors released from the wound site such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which activates human microvascular endothelial (HMVE) cells to begin sprouting and extending, forming the lumen within mature capillaries, and undergoing functional anastomosis. However, microenvrionmental signals also factor into the multistep process through the mechanical forces transmitted by extracellcular matrix (ECM) as physical interactions between cells and ECM modify cell shape and cytoskeletal structure. Furthermore, altering ECM elasticity, adhesivity, or topography, applying mechanical stress, or changing cell-generated traction force may also bring changes to capillary cell shape and function. Though regional variations of ECM mechanics and cell shape seem to mediate three-dimensional tissue pattern formations from neighboring cell growth and differentiation, the underlying mechanism that control gene transcription for angiogenic control through mechanical signals conveyed by ECM that assemble with growth factors still remain unknown.
“Stem Cells: The Future of Medicine.” Medschool.umaryland.edu. University of Maryland School of Medicine Web 14 Nov 2013
Whenever an injury cannot be avoided, however, it activates a series of mechanisms to repair the organism. Evidence of these systems comes from blood platelets that clot wounds to prevent bleeding out.
The wide range of prospective uses for stem cells could greatly improve the health and wellbeing of many people. In stem cell treatments, undifferentiated cells are programmed to form specific cells, which can then be transplanted to the afflicted area. Stems cells can possibly treat afflictions including “Alzheimer’s diseases, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis” (“Stem Cell Basics”). Another important use is in drug testing. Drugs can be tested on stem cells that develop into the target tissue before using it on human test subjects, which improves safety. Finally, transplantation of organs created from stem cells could eliminate the need for human...
In patients with diabetic foot ulcers, how does the use of negative pressure wound therapy compared to moist wound therapy influence wound healing in a shorter period of
The clinical application of ES can be dated as far back as 1812 when Hartshorne used electricity to promote bone healing in a patient suffering a tibial nonunion, later described in an 1841 publication (Wienke & Dayton, 2011). Research stayed in focus with bone stimulation via ES therapy for many years leading to the US Food and Drug Administration approved labeling electromagnetic devices for treatment of nonunion and delayed union fractures. ES therapy in chronic wound healing became a major research trend in the mid 1960s with a multitude of successful clinical trials to follow (Isseroff & Dahle, 2012). Eventually ES use in treating chronic soft tissue wounds became widely accepted and in 2002 the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services approved ES treatment in a clinical setting for certain types of chronic wounds and pressure ulcers. Until 2003, research focus stayed with ES therapy on pressure ulcers but later ...
Do you ever wonder how you regenerate your skin cells when you get a cut or when you scrape your knee on the pavement. Today i am here to tell you about skin regeneration and how it heals you and lastly how would life be without skin cell regeneration and the future upgrades of skin cell regeneration. First of all since humans existed they were able to heal but took them some time to heal because of the lack of medication to prevent infection or for it to heal properly. But they still had a small chance of them to live because of infections. With today’s technology people are able to heal cuts faster and have no infection due to the medication we have today so be glad you live in this time period.
Our approach in managing wounds was far from being optimal in our own setting. After having read the article of Sibbald et al (1) and assisting to presentations during the first residential week-end, our approach at St. Mary 's Hospital Center 's Family Medicine Clinic must change. We were not classifying wounds as healable, maintenance or non-healable. We were always considering the wounds in our practice as healable despite considering the system 's restraints or the patients ' preferences. In the following lines, I will define and summarize the methods one should use in order to initial management of wounds and how to integrate it better to our site. The first goal we need to set is to determine its ability to heal. In order to ascertain if a wound is healable, maintenance or a non-healable wound.
...there are some risk factors in using stem cell for therapeutic approaches, hematopoietic stem cell therapy by bone marrow transplantation has already been proofed to be safe if donors’ background and screening, cell contamination, HLA matching and opportunistic or nosocomial infections during immunocompromised period were carefully monitored and controlled. Still, other types of stem cell therapies, despite of their good therapeutic efficacy, are remain in experimental stage and need more data to support and demonstrate the safety in clinical trials. More understanding of stem cell biology is also required in order to keep stem cell under controlled and avoid some complications that they might cause. So, to pave the way for successful stem cell therapy, research in this extent is needed to pursue to maximized therapeutic efficiency with highest safety in patients.
The white blood cells destroy any unfamiliar pathogens in the bloodstream and can cause inflammation. Therefore, the inflammation causes a surplus of white blood cells to clot the wound for healing.
Researchers in this field are seek to know how stem cells can be used to develop into specialized cells or tissue, which aims restore lost function in damaged organs or even grow new fully functioning organs for transplant.