Cardiovascular Agents
Pharmacy Technician Preparedness
Cardiovascular Agents
Cardiovascular agents are used to treat the heart, circulatory, and vascular system. Each Sub-Class has a unique active ingredient that targets the issues that our body cannot fight with alone. Patients who have one or more cardiovascular conditions such as CHF, hypertension and an arrhythmia may be taking multiple medications for each condition. There are multiple subclasses that I will be discussing. Even though they all are used for the cardiovascular system, they do target different areas.
Ace Inhibitors are used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF). Most of the drugs that are Ace Inhibitors have the common ending –pril. It inhibits an enzyme; that decreases the tension of blood vessels and the blood volume, thus lowering blood pressure. Lotensin (benzapril) comes in tablets and is used for oral administration. It is one of the ace inhibitors that are indicated for treating hypertension. There is warning while using Lotensin when pregnant, it indicates to stop using immediately when pregnancy is detected. Vasotec (enalpril) comes in tablets and injection. It is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and is effective alone or in combination with other Ace Inhibitors agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. There is a warning for fetal toxicity; when pregnancy is detected; stop using.
Antiarrhythmic agents are used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart. Many attempts have been made to classify antiarrhythmic agents. There is a problem from the fact that many of the antiarrhythmic agents have multiple actions, making any classification accurate. Betapace (sotalol) comes in tablets and solution for oral a...
... middle of paper ...
....drugs.com/mtm/hylorel.html
11. http://www.medicinenet.com/calcium_channel_blockers/article.htm
12. http://www.rxlist.com/norvasc-drug/indications-dosage.htm
13. http://www.medicinenet.com/bepridil-oral/article.htm
14. http://www.drugs.com/drug-class/vasodilators.html
15. http://www.medicinenet.com/hydralazine-oral/article.htm
16. http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-6929-Nitrostat+SL.aspx?drugid=6929&drugname=Nitrostat+SL
17. http://www.medicinenet.com/angiotensin_ii_receptor_blockers/article.htm
18. http://www.medicinenet.com/valsartan/article.htm
19. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/alpha-blockers/art-20044214
20. http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-3710-Cardura+Oral.aspx?drugid=3710&drugname=Cardura+Oral
21. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a693045.html
22. http://www.rxlist.com/minipress-drug.htm
• Organize inventory and alert pharmacists to any shortages of medications or supplies • Accept payment for prescriptions and process insurance claims • Enter customer or patient information, including any prescriptions taken, into a computer system • Answer phone calls from customers • Arrange for customers to speak with pharmacists if customers have questions about medications or health matters Pharmacy technicians work under the supervision of pharmacists, who must review prescriptions before they are given to patients. In most states, technicians can compound or mix medications and call physicians for prescription refill authorizations. Technicians also may need to operate automated dispensing equipment when filling prescription orders. Pharmacy technicians working in hospitals and other medical facilities prepare a greater variety of medications, such as intravenous medications.
During my institutional rotation at Mount Sinai St. Lukes, I was asked a drug information question on what is Corlanor (ivabradine) and whether heart failure patents would benefit from using this drug.
Pharmacy Technicians: A Specialized Discourse Community Overview of pharmacy technicians: Do they fit the criteria of a discourse group? When doctors prescribe medication for their patients, a local retail pharmacy is most likely to be utilized to fill the order. However, there is a growing population of older Americans that are no longer able to live independently and must reside in nursing homes or assisted living facilities. In order for this vulnerable population to receive their medications, a different kind of pharmacy is needed, these are known as LTC, long term care pharmacies. Within these specialized pharmacies there are highly trained employees called CPhTs, certified pharmacy technicians who are overseen by state licensed RPHs, otherwise known as pharmacists.
In this week’s discussion, I was asked to look up the requirements for a Pharmacy Technician in my state, in which case is South Carolina.
In 1976 a pharmaceutical beta blocker named Atenolol (a synthetic derivative of isopropylamino-propanol) was discovered and developed by the Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) to treat common cardiovascular disorders (6). To fully understand Atenolol one must first recognize that it is specifically a beta-1 adrenoceptors antagonist. This is crucial because beta blockers follow strict classification guidelines in regards to the specific receptors they will interact with. These receptors are known as β1 adrenoceptors and β2 adrenoceptors, and when a drug (like Atenolol) is found to interact with only β1 adrenoceptors it is called cardioselective while drugs affecting both β1 adrenoceptors and β2 adrenoceptors are known as non-cardioselective. This differentiation between cardioselective versus non-cardioselective allows Atenolol to treat a variety of cardiovascular disorders such as antihypertensive, hypotensive and antiarrhythmic by interacting specifically with the beta-1 adrenergic receptors (7). Atenolol is special when talking about β1 adrenoceptors antagonists because it has the lowest lipid solubility without affecting intrinsic sympathomimetic activity aka ISA (8).
Job Description: Pharmacists ensure that medications are used appropriately, and that they bring about the best results. Their responsibilities include professionally interpreting and reviewing the prescription orders written by doctors, dentists, and other authorized health care providers, and also for giving out the medications accurately to patients. The main goal of pharmaceutical care is to improve the quality of patients? lives by the use of medications that have been prescribed in order to accomplish specific results.
The discovery of captopril as a potent inhibitor of ACE led to the recent development of many series of novel structures with similar biological activity [9]. To date a wide variety of ACE inhibitors from various land and marine food sources have been reported such as milk [10], cheese [11], egg white [12], canola [13], peanut [14], rapeseed [15], antler [16], fish muscle [17], seaweeds [18] and tuna [2].
Pharmacy technicians hold important roles and duties in the pharmacy. They are essentially the pharmacist’s aide, but they hold many responsibilities in controlling the drugs. I interviewed a pharmacy technician, Kathy, who worked at Doctor’s Pharmacy, an independent pharmacy. Kathy was kind enough to take some time out of her day to allow me to ask her questions, mainly about her education, roles and experiences she had as a pharmacy technician.
These medicines are selected on the basis of symptoms and with every symptom the medicine is changed. This is a or treatment based on unique manifestation, by this statement you will manage your any kind of disturbance which has taken place in your vital force. These medicines don’t treat the disease rather it improves your body is a vital force will be with any kind of disease organically.
Pharmacy Technicians Despite popular belief, pharmacy technicians are more than laborers; they are special. trained individuals to be successful. Imagine a family member is admitted to the University of South Alabama Hospital with an acute case of pneumonia, which will require oral and intravenous medications. These medications must be precisely prepared and properly delivered. The common perception is that pharmacists prepare medications and technicians simply deliver them.
If it is a substance like a sleeping pill, aspirin, or others within this category will decrease the heart rate. Each of these effects has a mechanism of action, to explain; adrenalin also has another name and that is epinephrine. The action that it takes is that it is an alpha and a beta-adrenergic receptor, it reacts by causing the increase in vascular constriction and decreasing vasodilation (Inc.). Also, adrenalin is a hormone that is secreted in the body and involves the fight or flight response, decreasing heart rate, and increasing calcium channels to open. Nodal cells will reach threshold more quickly and will increase the firing rate of the SA node. The faster stimulation of the heart is by the delay in the AV nodes that causes a decrease. Next, is ACh acetylcholine its mechanism of action is that it works on decreasing the activity of adenylate cyclase by acting upon the muscarinic receptors (Callahan). ACh is also a neurotransmitter, which can bind to specific receptors. It is then used by nerve cells to control different things like, the heart, lungs, and muscles. ACh does this by releasing into the SA node, the action that it involves is that it decreases the rate of the SA node, by increasing the potassium and decreasing calcium and sodium movements. Also, Alka seltzers involves in inhibition of cyclooxygenase, aiding in the production of
Ally most likely has used ACE inhibitors and Beta blockers in the past and will be using them again.. The ACE inhibitors are vasodilators with the capability to widen the blood vessels allowing the blood pressure to lower down while improving the blood flow and decreasing the workload of the heart (WEbMD, 2017). Lisinopril is anangiotensin converting enzyme. This drug is used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, helps to preent kidney failure --due to high blood pressure and diabetes. It is also used to prevent further damage and scarring of the muscles (Medicine Net, 2017). Another Ace inhibitor is Benazepril. It is used with hydrochlothiazide, at times, to treat high blood pressure. It can also be used to treat heart failure. Beta blockers are medications that lower your blood pressure.Beta blockerd work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine. Two types of Beta blockers are Metoprolol relaxes blood vessels and slows down the heart rate and Nebivolol, which response to nerve impulses in certain parts of the body,like the heart (Mayo Clinic Staff). This helps to lower heart beats and decrease the blood pressure (Mayo Clinic Staff,
To slow the rate at which blood clots in a patient, a doctor may or may not administer a course of anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulant therapy is a course of drugs taken by the patient, who might have one or more cardiovascular diseases, to prevent clots from forming. The most common use for anticoagulants is atrial fibrillation, an irregular heart rhythm [7]. They’re also administered for patients who have mechanical heart valves or patients who have blood clots [7]. There are many types of anticoagulants used, most commonly administered was Warfarin (Coumadin) [5]. However, due to recent advances in medicine many new anticoagulants have surfaced such as Apixaban, Dabigatran, Edoxaban, Rivaroxaban and many others [4]. Practitioners have more
Communication in the Pharmacy as a pharmacy technician has many important roles and responsibilities when it comes to patient care. some of these roles and responsibilities can include great customer service skills, being knowledgeable about medications, being attentive to detail.
...ional in controlling visceral responses like heartbeat, intestinal contractions and dilation of blood vessels. This can be helpful in treating people with high blood pressure.