I. Hypothesis.
The purpose of this research is to find out if parental supervision has an influence in
adolescents’ drinking behavior.
II. Literature Review.
Research suggests that parents play an important role in the lives of children. Some of these parents have a negative or positive influence on the lives of the children. Shin, Edwards, Heeren, & Amodeo (2009) stated that in the United Stated nearly 3.3 million referrals were made to state and local child protective services (CPS) for assessment or investigation in 2006. Out of these million referrals, 905, 000 were judged to be victims of child abuse or neglect. Childhood maltreatment has been associated to alcohol abuse. “Although many studies have found a relationship between childhood maltreatment and the risk of alcohol abuse and its dependence in adulthood, few studies have examined this relationship within an adolescent population” (p.226).
Previous studies between childhood abuse and alcohol problems increase the likelihood for drinking alcohol during adolescence about two to three-fold. Shin et al. (2009) reported that among 2,187 adolescents in 10th through 12th grades, adolescent who had been sexually abused were three times more likely to drink alcohol that those who were not abused. Another study, the ACE study which is an Adverse Childhood Experience, also reported that adolescents who had been abused as a child were 2.1 to 2.8 times more likely to begin drinking by the age of 14.
These adolescents who had a child abuse history take alcohol as a self-medication in an attempt to cope with the effects triggering, and memories associated with the abuse. A major concern about alcohol drinking in adolescent is whether child’s abuse in...
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...rent or Guardian and Adolescent Alcohol Use. The AmericanJournal on Addictoions, 18, 226-234.
Williams, R. J., Nigg, C. R., Kittinger, D. S., & Eller, L. N. (2010). The Impact of Parent-Child Discussions and Parent Restrictions on Adolescent Alcohol Consumption. A Journal of Asia Pacific Medicinal Journal, 69 (6), 144-146.
Florida Alcohol Statistics. (n.d). Retrieved July 27, 20011 from
http://www.usnodrugs.com/alcohol-statistics.htm
Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS). (2009). Retrieved July 28, 2011 from http://www.dcf.state.fl.us/programs/samh/publications/fysas/09Survey/2009%20FYSAS %20State%20Report%20(Final).pdf pp.23-24
Stattin, H., Koutatis, N., & Kerr, M. (2008). Reducing Youth Alcohol Drinking Through a
Parent-Targeted Intervention: The Orebro Prevention Program. Addiction Research Report,
103 (10), 1629-37.
In the article “Children of Alcoholics” produced by the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy, the author explains the negative effect of parental alcoholism on their children’s emotional wellbeing, when he writes, “Children with alcoholic parents are more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety and/or depression, antisocial behavior, relationship difficulties, behavioral problems, and/or alcohol abuse. One recent study finds that children of drug-abusing fathers have the worst mental health issues (Children of Alcoholics 1). Walls reflects upon her childhood experiences in which her father would become drunk and not be able to control his behavior, as she writes, “After working on the bottle for a while, Dad turned into an angry-eyed stranger who threw around furniture and threatened to beat up Mom or anyone else who got in his way. When he’d had his fill of cussing and hollering and smashing things up, he’d collapse” (Walls 23). The Walls children, who frequently encounter their father’s abusive behavior, are affected mentally in the same way that national studies have shown. Jeanette Walls describes how, after drinking, her father’s behavior becomes cruel and intolerable through his use of profanity, threats, and angry, even violent, actions. In a conventional family, a parent has the responsibility of being a role model to influence their children in a positive way as they develop. Unfortunately, in the Walls family and other families with alcoholic parents, children are often subject to abuse and violence, which places them at risk, not only physically, but mentally. Rex’s irrational behavior when he is drunk is detrimental to the children’s upbringing, causing them to lose trust in their parents, have significantly lower self-esteem and confidence, and feel insecure. Rex’s behavior contributes to Jeanette’s
While both alcoholism and child abuse are prevalent issues in today's society, alcohol is a more prevalent issue at hand. The Glass Castle clearly illustrates the reality of the effects when we as adult abuse our children, and the everlasting effects it has upon our children’s children; domino effect if one must, or vicious cycle that is difficult to break free from. Whatever the case maybe alcoholism and child abuse go hand in hand like fuel and fire, when both combined and united, both are extremely combustible, and deadly. Thus, as we go into depth into the effects of alcoholism and child abuse, we will analyze how people’s lives are impacted from a social, emotional, physical, psychological, and economical standpoint by relating our personal effects to successfully analyze a controversial topic.
The article "Alcohol Abuse is a Serious Problem for Teenagers," was written by the Center for Science in the Public Interest. The article states, "Nearly four million young people suffer from alcohol dependence," and the average age at which children begin to drink is as early as 13. The article goes on to say that the number of children who experiment with alcohol has been rising steadily over the years. The article points out the unfortunate effects of drinking which range from an array of physical illnesses like liver problems and cancer. From the article we learn that because teenagers tend to indulge in binge drinking, they are at higher risk to suffer the consequences of alcohol consumption. According to the article these consequences include developmental problems like lack of growth, a reduced ability to learn, and to psychological problems like depression and suicidal tendencies. Alcohol abuse in turn leads to social problems which include dropping out of school, robbery, and "risky sexual behavior." We learn that alcohol serves as a "gateway-drug," leading to more addictive drugs like cocaine. The article substantiates this claim by citing a study conducted by the Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. The article also touches on the problem of alcohol used by parents though the primary focus of this piece is about teenage drinking. The purpose of the article is to jolt readers into an awareness of the magnitude of the problem of teenage drinkiing. Most people know that teenagers like to experiment, try the new and forbidden, but the Center assumes that no one is fully aware of how serious this problem can be if it is not addressed.
Child abuse can come in many shapes in forms. There are four different kinds of abuse that I will be encountering in my research paper; they are physical, mental, emotional, and neglect. Most abuse is from neglect and net from physical. The category under physical also brings in the sexual abuse. (Do Something) Drug addicted babies also can qualify under the category of emotional and mental category. Two of the main questions in this paper are what is child abuse and what are drug addicted babies lives like. It turns out that babies lives do get affected majorly after the age of four, we’ll learn more about that later though. (Kronstadt, 2013)
Alcoholism comes with many problems and consequences that are dangerous for young teens. In America the average age for a girl’s first drink is thirteen, and for a boy it’s eleven. Young teens that drink are more likely to do with or
The earlier children begin to experience adversity the more detrimental and long-term the psychological, physical, emotional, and behavioral effects will be; exposure to multiple adversities increases the likelihood of children developing psychological and behavioral issues. Researchers in this study first collected data from previous research done on the relationship between ACEs, delinquency, and substance abuse from Wave I of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW II), which is a national longitudinal study of a number of children from the ages of birth to 18 years. Investigations performed by child welfare agencies in the US determined whether these children were victims of child abuse and/or neglect. NSCAW officials collected data by having in-person interviews with guardians, teachers, caseworkers, and the children who were the subjects of the
Alcohol is the drug most frequently used and abused by adolescents in the USA and in the Netherlands. In the USA, 56% of students aged 15 and 16 years reported using alcohol and 34% reported having been drunk in the past year. (Ross) Just think about it 15 and 16 year olds drinking imagine when they are 21 years of age they are most likely to become a big disaster. Which, that becomes to be very bad for you because you don’t want your kid to become an alcoholic.
Earls, F., Reich, W., Jung, K. G., & Cloninger, C. R. (2006). Psychopathology in children of alcoholic and antisocial parents. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 12(4), 481 - 487.
The crippling effects of alcoholism and drug dependency are not confined to the addict alone. The family suffers, physically and emotionally, and it is the children who are the most disastrous victims. Frequently neglected and abused, they lack the maturity to combat the terrifying destructiveness of the addict’s behavior. As adults these individuals may become compulsively attracted to the same lifestyle as their parents, excessive alcohol and drug abuse, destructive relationships, antisocial behavior, and find themselves in an infinite loop of feelings of emptiness, futility, and despair. Behind the appearance of calm and success, Adult Children of Alcoholics often bear a sad, melancholy and haunted look that betrays their quietest confidence. In the chilling silence of the darkest nights of their souls, they yearn for intimacy: their greatest longing, and deepest fear. Their creeping terror lives as the child of years of emotional, and sometimes physical, family violence.
Smith, Karen. “Alcohol Use by youth and Adolescents: A Pediatric Concern.” Pediatric American Academy of Pediatrics. 12 April, 2010. Web. 26 March, 2014. .
When children are involved in a family structure that abuses alcohol or drugs an array of dysfunction becomes evident. Children might be subjected to child maltreatment, child abuse, physical/sexual abuse, or neglect, among many other inappropriate parenting practices. The alarming statistics of children that
This may result in an increase in communication between the parents and dependent as they feel more comfortable and safe due to the parent’s nurturing behaviour towards their child.
Because children are in the stage of development, they are considered to be the most susceptible to parental alcoholism (Park, Schepp, 2014, p. 1222). However, research showed that these children are very aware of the dangers of alcoholism (Hill, 2013, p.345). Although many of these children, studied by Hill (2013), preferred to purposefully limit any mention of alcohol abuse in their families, they showed great understanding of this problem. Children are actually troubled more about the effects parental alcoholism has on their family, for example they can associate alcoholism with the increase of disharmony between parents, and neglect from parent(s) (Hill, 2013, p.345). In a lot of these studies children were very selective of when to share their personal experiences, they were more likely to talk about their parents drinking problem if it was not present anymore or had decreased (Hill, 2013, p.347). These children shared their unwavering defense of their alcoholic parent, never really admitti...
We live in a society that drinks heavily, and this influences teens. Most Americans use alcohol to celebrate wedding anniversaries, to welcome the New Year, and to enjoy many other special events. Alcohol is a legal drug for people over the age of twenty-one. By the time most teens reach senior high school, nearly all will have faced a choice about whether or not to take a drink. Although this drug is illegal for teenage use a large percentage of teens use alcohol. Many teens die in automobile accidents, which could have prevented if they had chosen to say no. Each year it is blame in the deaths of more than four thousand teens (Claypool, p. 42). No crime kills more teenagers in America. Kids who are drinking regularly in high school seem to be fully aware of the penalties and laws against underage drinking, possession but don't care. They agree that driving while intoxicated is a key role in fatal car accidents, yet they still do it. Many teens also believe cold showers and coffee can sober up a person that is drunk Teens may drink for many different reasons. A big reason for teens to start to drink is because of problems in their family life. Teens could have a bad relationship with their parents or their parents could get in a fight or even get a divorce and this could cause a drinking problem among their child. Many experts agree that the main reason teens are becoming alcoholics is low self-esteem. Sometimes these children have been neglected or abused which makes them feel unwanted or they have been pressured and feel worthless if they fail. They have to deal with problems that he is too immature to handle, or worries about problems, which are problems at all. Many kids drink to make them feel older and mature. It makes you ...
Alcohol abuse in teens has become a big problem in the U.S. and because of it, that's an obstacle to not succeed in college. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there has been a report that youth under the age of 21 drink alcohol, therefore, the statistics show that youth ages 12 and 20 drink 11% of all alcohol ingested in the U.S. (Unknown Author) but, there are reasons youth under 21 consume this substance which these include peer pressure, increased independence, desire to do it, stress, other reasons are family problems like: parents divorced, family member sick or passed away.