SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Question 1.
1. Bilateral Symmetrical Normal-Moderate Sloping Sensorneural Hearing Loss
2. It is Ototixicity, the site of lesion is within the inner ear in the cochlea hair cells. Mr T is currently taking medication for Multi Drug-Resistant TB, many TB medication are ototoxic( side effect of hearing loss ear and / or tinnitus) to the hearing (Cristobal & Oghalai, 2008; Da Costa, Rosito & Dornelles, 2009; Munro & Blount, 2009; Schreiber, Agrup, Haskard & Luxon, 2010). The MDR-TB medication is ototoxic therefore the medication causes functional impairment and cellular generation to the tissues of the inner ear, and especially of the end-organs and neurons of the cochlear and vestibular divisions of the eight cranial nerve (Munro & Blount, 2009; Schreiber, Agrup, Haskard & Luxon, 2010). The damages to these structures affects auditory and balance system which results to hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ear) and dizziness (Cristobal & Oghalai, 2008; Da Costa, Rosito & Dornelles, 2009; Munro & Blount, 2009; Schreiber, Agrup, Haskard & Luxon, 2010). The medication contains aminoglycosides compounds; amoniglycosides cause loss to the hair cells of the organ of corti (Cristobal & Oghalai, 2008; Da Costa, Rosito & Dornelles, 2009; Munro & Blount, 2009; Schreiber, Agrup, Haskard & Luxon, 2010). When it is most severe, the basal turn of the cochlea and is progressively less towards the apex. The inner row of the outer hair cells is affected, then followed by the outer row, then later on to the rest of the organ (Cristobal & Oghalai, 2008; Da Costa, Rosito & Dornelles, 2009; Munro & Blount, 2009; Schreiber, Agrup, Haskard & Luxon, 2010).
3. the patient must be prescribed/recommended to a medication that is les...
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.... P. (2010). Wideband acoustic-reflex test in a test battery to predict middle-ear dysfunction. Hearing research, 263(1), 52-65.
Munro, K. J., & Blount, J. (2009). Adaptive plasticity in brainstem of adult listeners following earplug-induced deprivation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 126(2), 568-571.
Schreiber, B. E., Agrup, C., Haskard, D. O., & Luxon, L. M. (2010). Sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The Lancet, 375(9721), 1203-1211.
Sliwinska-Kowalska, M., & Davis, A. (2012). Noise-induced hearing loss. Noise & health, 14(61).
Thorne, P. R., Ameratunga, S. N., Stewart, J., Reid, N., Williams, W., Purdy, S. C., ... & Wallaart, J. (2008). Epidemiology of noise-induced hearing loss in New Zealand. NZ Med J, 121.
(Cristobal & Oghalai, 2008; Da Costa, Rosito & Dornelles, 2009; Munro & Blount, 2009; Schreiber, Agrup, Haskard & Luxon, 2010)
... could exclude MEE. However, 6 ears in which the tympanic pressure was lesser than from -200 daPa correctly predicted the presence of MEE in our study. In addition, type C tracing tympanogram without acoustic stapedius reflex may have MEE as smiliar our results.
“Music is perpetual, and only the hearing is intermittent,” wrote the iconic American essayist, poet and philosopher Henry David Thoreau, a lofty proclamation that inspired my focus to help those with hearing loss through restoration. After a winding journey in search for an academic focus, I discovered that audiology is far more than just aiding deaf or hard of hearing individuals, but restoring balance, managing loss through therapy, and discovering new research techniques that may involve auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. After arriving at my destination, I also learned that it is my responsibility as a future audiologist to be a leader, to work hard toward achieving a better future for myself, and a better world for humanity at large. This vision drives my aspiration to join the University of South Florida’s graduate audiology program this coming fall, and continue my examination of clinical audiology as a member of your community.
Throughout our day to day lives we are exposed to many sounds such as the sound of traffic, coversation, TV, nature and music. More often than not these sounds that we experience are at a low safe level, levels that will not affect or harm our hearing. Unfortunatley when we are exposed to sound levels that are too high or loud sounds over a long period of time there is a chance that the delicate inner workings of the ear can be permanatly damaged. This is known as noise induced hearing loss (NIHL)
conduction deafness, there is interruption of the sound vibrations in their passage from the outer world to the nerve cells
Meniere’s disease is a controversial inner ear disorder that has a variety of symptoms. It was first discovered by French physician Prosper Meniere in 1861 after seeing a variety of patients with episodic vertigo attacks. (John Jacob Ballenger, 1996). After a variety of research, Prosper Meniere theorized that the symptoms that his patients were experiencing such as tinnitus and vertigo were not coming from the brain but were actually coming from the inner ear. These findings lead to the research of inner ear disease and its association with inner ear balance disorders. (P.J. Haybach).
Although level noise do not reach OSHA level (occupational safety & health administration) that causes noise-induced hearing loss, the paediatric nurse in the unit are exposed to continuous moderate noise levels that may causing impairment (Berens, 2008). In addition, these noise exposures may result in abnormalities in the stress response as well as in sleep patterns. (Berens, 2008). If working long shifts weekly and being exposed to noise it will have an effect on hearing loss. The loss of hearing depends on how loud the sound is and the length the person is exposed to sound. Exposure to high level of noise and sound can cause deafness. During or after being exposed to loud noise can leave a ringing sound in the ear. Noise will interfere with communication which could lead to misunderstanding of orders. This could lead to a higher risk of accidents when communication is
Barker, F., & Roth, E. A. (2004). Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery: Training Models and Compensatory Strategies in Music Therapy. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 21-25.
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (November 2002). Retrieved October 17, 2004, from http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/coch.asp
...ME can combat against possible hearing loss, speech and language delays, and can further protect against structural damage to the middle ear.
Infections - Infections that take place during the pregnancy, infancy or childhood can all cause hearing loss.
According to Chapman et al., (2000), the loss of hearing appears to be a chronic issue through...
People of all ages are affected by hearing loss. It’s one of the most common chronic conditions in the U.S., affecting over nine millions Americans over 65 and 10 million Americans between 45 to 64.
The ear houses some of the most sensitive organs in the body. The physics of sound is well understood, while the mechanics of how the inner ear translates sound waves into neurotransmitters that then communicate to the brain is still incomplete. Because the vestibular labyrinth and the auditory structure are formed very early in the development of the fetus and the fluid pressure contained within both of them is mutually dependant, a disorder in one of the two reciprocating structures affects the (2).
Loud noises a common cause of hearing. Constant exposure to loud noises such as noises made by drilling equipments and very loud music, causes the gradual damage of the hair cells in cochlea. Exposure to thunderous noise of explosions can cause sudden hearing loss.
The current hypothesis is that one of my genes is a mutated gene, that mutated gene is what is causing my hearing loss. If this is the real reason why I have hearing loss, there is also worry for what other problems does this mutated gene cause. With finding a mutated gene, they will most likely be able to predict how much worse my hearing will get. Another possible but not likely cause is a tumor, currently, I have to get an MRI to make sure that there is no growth inside of my head. If there is a growth, that will lead to some serious issues. The last possible cause is that loud noises have damaged my hearing, but it is even more less likely than a tumor. I am almost never exposed to loud music, concerts, or anything of that nature, which would causes hearing loss. Since I've been losing hearing since I was 5, they have practically ruled that one out because it makes no