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white nose syndrome bats case study
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Although most people know them as the little brown bat, their scientific name is Myotis lucifugus. They are from the family chiroptera and order vespertilionidae.
They are also know as mouse-eared bats. The little brown bats being one of the most common bat species in most of the United States and Canada have many interesting and unique characteristics that set them far apart from other animals. Unfortunately, with a disease called white-nose syndrome bat populations have been on the decline. With the species being threatened it is even more important to fully understand the little brown bat and all of its habits and characteristics.
Myotis lucifugus are easily identified when they're being handled, but are hard to tell apart from other species when in flight. Their fur is glossy with a variety of colors ranging from tan to red or dark brown. Their stomachs are a lighter color, with their wings and leg being almost black. Their wings, ears and face have little or no fur on them. Little brown bats have a wingspan that can reach 11in, weigh anywhere from 5 to 14g and have a body length between 2.5 to 4in. Females are usually bigger than males, allowing them to easily carry their pups. Their distinct wings, which set them apart from every other mammal and birds are a thin extension of skin that is supported by bones that have evolved from regular forelimbs. (Myers, P. "Bat Wings and Tails." 2014). They fly at an average of 12 miles/hour but can reach up to 22 miles/hour. Their fore and hind limbs have five medapodial. Although those characteristics might seem similar to many other bats, theres a big difference in their skull. Little Brown Bats lacks a saggital crest, which is where the jaw muscles would be attached. They have 38...
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...ns are decreasing very fast, farmers are seeing the effects of it. (National Wildlife Health Center. January 27, 2014) Not only are they good for farmers, but they give scientists a way to study echolocation, sonar and hibernation.
Myotis lucifugus do not have a ton of predators, but they have a good amount. Due to the little brown bat having trouble taking off from the ground, if they fall from the air or are low to the surface, they are sucseptable to be attacked and eaten. One of the main day time roosts and nursery roosts for bats are in buildings, where house cats are common. Houses and attics having small places to get out of, it makes the bat an easy target and catch for cats. Most predators take into consideration that bats hibernate, and they do it in large groups. During the winter while asleep, they are likely to be eaten by fishers, hawks and snakes.
tail. They have gray or rosy brown backs with lighter gray or brown hind legs and have
The Asian Tiger Mosquito looks very similar to our common, everyday mosquitos except for a few differences. This six-legged insect averages a length of about ten millimeters. The abdomen of this species is black with white horizontal bands. These white bands are also found on the legs and have white tips on the palp. The thorax is also black and the dorsal side of the thorax has a white stripe down the center, starting at the back of the head and continues along the thorax.
Bats are typically categorized into two main groups; megachiroptera (Old World Bats) and microchiroptera (Old and New World). The silver-haired bat, scientifically known as the Lasionycteris noctivagons, is a member of the microchiroptera group. Further classification places the silver-haired bat into the animalia kingdom (animals), the phylum chordate (vertebrates), the mammalian class (mammals), the order chiroptera (bats), and the Vespertilionidae family (vespertilionid bats) (Silver).
The Bohemian Waxing (Bombycilla garrulus) is a medium sized passerine bird, similar in size to a Starling, that is a member of the Bombycillidae family and the Passeriformes order. The Bohemian Waxwing is often mistaken as a Cedar Waxwing; both species have overlapping ranges. To distinguish between the two species, start by analyzing their size and plumage characteristics. The Bohemian Waxwing has an overall brownish gray color with a prominent crest on top of the head. They have a black mask & throat with a white streak under the eye. They possess a chestnut colored belly and have a rusty under tail. The primary feathers have a yellow and white pattern and the tips have a red waxy appearance on the secondary feathers (Hoyo 2013). The red waxy tips are composed of the astaxanthin pigment, which alludes to the bird’s common name (Mountjoy 1988). The eyes are dark brown, the bill is black and the legs are a dark grey. The Cedar waxing, on the other hand, is generally smaller in appearance and has an overall yellowish appearance. Males and females do not have a large degree of sexual dimorphism. Females tend to have a smaller band on the tail and wing markings will be less distinct. Juvenile Bohemian Waxwings are generally dull compared to adults and will have fewer red tips, a smaller amount of black on the chest and mask and will have whiter underparts (Hoyo 2013).
The platypus is a very unique and interesting mammal. It is only one of five species
The Cooper’s Hawk is medium sized and has rounded wings with a long rounded tail. Males are about 39cm and females are about 45cm. Younger birds have yellow legs, and adult birds have orange or red colored legs. The males are more brightly colored than females. Adult birds have dark gray-blue crown and it contrasts with their lighter colored napes. The tails have four straight alternating bands, dark and light brown in adults. The tip of the tail may appear white at times. Some of the areas that the population of Cooper’s ...
Although sugar glider is their common name for their sweet tooth; their scientific name is Petaurus Breviceps, which stands for, rope dancer with a short head. Their natural environment is the forest biome in Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, and Tasmania, but are becoming a popular exotic household pet in the United States.
Nagel, Thomas. “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?” Philosophy: The Quest for Truth. Ed. Louis P. Pojman and Lewis Vaughn. 7th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 305-312. Print.
Atwood, Margaret. “My Life as a Bat.” Collections, edited by Kylene Beers, et al, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017, pp. 71-74.
The meadow vole, also know as the meadow mouse or the field mouse, has the largest population of any American species in the genus Microtus, appearing throughout Canada, Mexico, and in the northern and eastern regions of the United States. The size and color of the meadow vole adjusts depending on its location. It usually exists in grasslands, favors humid zones, but are equally likely to be found in forests. Microtus pennsylvanicus is sympatric with a diversity of small mammals over its extensive geographic assortment. Hawks, owls and some snakes are predators of Meadow voles. Moreover, they can have ecto- and endo-parasites, such as trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans, anoplura, siphonaptera, diptera, and acarina. These parasites cause protozoan, bacterial, and viral infections. Microtus pennsylvanicus eats the most
Bigfoot also known popularly as the Sasquatch, Momo, Skunk Ape, the list goes on and on, is without a doubt, the most famous of all hairy man-like creatures. The following will make you a believer in this overseen creature, it made me one. Bigfoot is seen in every possible location throughout the North American Continent, mountains, swamps, forests, crossing desolate and some not so desolate roadways and on open farmland. While its demeanor varies from docile to curios to almost threatening, its general appearance varies. Bigfoot is a massive animal, its average height is seven and a half feet tall, its weight is said be between 400-500 pounds. It is covered almost completely in fur, and its fur ranges in color from the moist widespread dark red-brown to brown, black, red, gray and even white. It leaves its footprints behind as a calling card, almost taunting the researchers that reverently research this undiscovered animal. While its prints resemble mans, they are characteristically large in comparison, and instead of the weight distribution being concentrated under the heel and ball as in the arched human foot, the weight distribution is more evenly distributed over the flat, yielding Bigfoot foot. Most often the prints have five toes, occasionally however the tracks are apparently three toed. The three toed tracks can be theorized several ways; that there is a unique variety of Bigfoot in existence, while resembling the five toed Bigfoot closely, it retains a few distinguishing characteristics; another theory is that some soil conditions can cause the toes of Bigfoot to 'clump' together. The proportion of three toed tracks in comparison to the five toed tracks seems to indicate that three toes is the exception to the norm, and that it is the result of some environmental peculiarity. The main physical characteristics attributed to Bigfoot, other than size and foot shape, are that it is bipedal and upright, has wide shoulders and a heavy brow ridge. Its eyes are sometimes said to appear to be red in color, but are mainly reported as yellow. Although no discernible language has ever been placed with Bigfoot creatures, they are very vocal. Witnesses have reported high pitched wails and low, growling roars, either before and/or after visually spotting a Sasquatch. On some occasions the sounds have been heard from two or more locations at the same time, apparently in communication with one another.
Within skin between a variation of blue and black, this salamander can grow to reach lengths between 8 and 14 centimetres, from which its tail contributes roughly 40%. It has white speckles throughout its back with blue-white spots occurring on its sides. They have 4 toes on each of the front legs and 5 on each of its hind legs which are relatively long. Males are females can be distinguished based on size, as males are slightly smaller than the females along with the males having longer and more flat tails. Females can lay up to 500 eggs per year and it only takes a month for the eggs to hatch. For shelter they commonly make use of rocks, logs or leaf clutter and they are generally found near water sources during the summer as it provides them with an appropriate breeding environment.
These Central and South american rodents look a little like pigs, also they eat plants.They enjoy fruits and grasses. Their fur can vary from red to brown. They live in swamps or near other bodies of water. They use this water to hide from predators and for a food supply. This animal was very interesting to learn about because I learned many new
States and southern Canada. In the west, the species was found from Mexico to California.