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history of racism in America
effect of apartheid in south Africa
conclusoin of apartheid
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The strength of a nation is not established by the force of its military, economic standing, or government, but rather how its citizens are regarded. In order to attain strength, a nation must respect the principle of solidarity; the power of one voice. For without a defined sense of unity, a society is likely to crumble. Unfortunately, as seen throughout history, civilization has often made it their mission to seek out the differences in one another instead of accepting them. This fear of the unknown has led to humankind’s most despicable behavior; the separation of individuals due to their physical attributes. “Racism is mans gravest threat to man...the maximum of hatred for a minimum reason -Abraham Heschel .” Not only has racism allowed unproven ideologies to spread, but it has also lead to the disintegration of civilizations. Sadly, such tragic events have been a prevalent part in the history of Africa. Perhaps, one of the most blatant forms of racism occurred in South Africa, during the period of Apartheid. From 1948 to 1994 non-white Africans were subjected to horrific treatment, enforced by the South African National Party. The repulsive forms of racial segregation in South Africa, resulting from race and color, not only oppressed the colored majority group, but also denied them of any rights or human dignity.
It can be easily stated that the apartheid movement bestowed cruel and unusual punishments upon the people of South Africa, in order to execute its purpose. However, apartheid could have not been carried out if they were not individuals who believed in its principles. In order to understand the National parties ideologies regarding the issue of apartheid, it is essential to acknowledge the history of Boer soc...
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...nica. Retrieved March 28, 2011, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/29332/apartheid
Bureau of African Affairs. (2011). Background Note: South Africa. Retrieved March 28, 2011, from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2898.html
Charlesworth, M. (1982). Science, non-science & pseudo-science : Bacon, Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend on defining science. Vic: Deakin University Press
Darwin, C. (2011). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 28, 2011, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/151902/Charles-Darwin
Deegan, H. (2001). The Politics of the New South Africa: Apartheid and After. England: Longman
John Dugard, Nicholas Haysom and Gilbert Marcus. (1992).The Last Years of Apartheid: Civil Liberties in South Africa. New York: Ford Foundation
Marshall, D. (1987). Apartheid in South Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press
Around the 1970s, due to South Africa’s internal contradictions with its economy and people, the Apartheid began its slow demise. Soon the united nation began to take notice of South Africa and began to get involved. With South Africa now in the spot light, Prime Minister P.W Botha left office due to his belief that he had failed to keep order in the country. After the reassignment of P.W Botha, F.W Klerk had taken office. The final stage of the demise of the Apartheid began when Klerk lifted the ban off the ANC and other African political parties. The last blow was the release of Nelson Mandela after 27 years in prison. Now that South Africa’s hope was out of prison he continued to ...
...f South African language and culture, acknowledgement of the racial oppression in South Africa, past and present, that it was wrong and positive action is required to make it right, and finally that all South Africans are legitimate and enjoy full moral equality (“About – DA”). In order for all this to be possible, the state must ensure it does not compromise the freedom of the individual (“About – DA”).
The End of Apartheid - HistoryWiz South Africa. (n.d.). HistoryWiz: for students, teachers and lovers of history. Retrieved February 19, 2011, from http://www.historywiz.org/end.htm
“If we don’t intercede, we all become accomplices in this unpardonable crime, which, in the end, is the destruction of ourselves” (“Book Plumbs” 1). Mark Mathabane is conveying a message to the people around the world, that if one does not make an effort to stop the Human Rights violations occurring in South Africa under Apartheid, then they are no better than the Europeans that dehumanizing the South Africans. In 1948, Apartheid officially began, when the Europeans used the tactic of divide and conquer to weaken South Africa in order to take it over. They used the term Apartheid to describe their government, which means a system that separates according to color or race, did exactly this by separating all colored races from the whites. Not
Failure to resist the consuetude of tyranny was seen in the apartheid regime that was allowed to rise in South Africa, “with its explicit policy promoting white supremacy” (Cooper 2002, 1). As a result of this establishment, non white Africans were forced to live separate and in poor conditions for years by the all white government. This yet again encumbered any chance for augmentation of self and society for the African people. While the rest of the world was creating mass transit and health care systems, Africa was being held down, it’s potential to develop as a state of power and influence,
When the world develops to date, a country cannot be seen as individual. If a country cannot accept the concept of multiracial society and do not want to unite other countries or nations, it will not develop rapidly and effectively. Nowadays, political integration and economic globalization is the trend. For example, European Communities established in 1967 and became European Union in 1991. There also have a lot of global economic organizations, such as World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization. Apparently, there still has a large amount of blacks do not get the equal rights. However, the reason why people do not want to give them the same rights is ridiculous. Different color skin, different values, or different religious believes. Even some people just according to themselves imagination or hear the rumor from others. Only a few of people would like to know and experience the blacks? life and hear their opinion about the society. In fact, when the society put down the prejudices and stereotype, all the people are conducive to the society. It will not have differences because of different nations or color skin. At the same time, when people have the equal rights, they will have a stronger responsibility to uphold their society and promote the society?s development. Certainly, when people enjoy the equal rights, the blacks may try to forgive the tough period. ?We are bound up in a delicate network of interdependence because, as we say in our African idiom, a person is a person through other persons??Thus to forgive is indeed the best form of self-interest since anger, resentment, and revenge are corrosive of that summum bonum, that greatest good, communal harmony that enhances the humanity and personhood of all in the community.? (pg. 35) Nevertheless, although the blacks could forgive the cruel history, they should not forget
Massey, Douglas A. and Nancy A. Denton. American Apartheid. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.
Coster, P., & Woolf, A. (Eds.).(2011). World book: South Africa’s Anti-Apartheid Movement, (pp. 56-57). Arcturus Publishers: Chicago.
Have you ever wondered how it would feel to be considered inferior because of your race? The people of South Africa had to endure racial inferiority during the era of apartheid. The apartheid laws the government of South Africa made led to an unequal lifestyle for the blacks and produced opposition.
The reappearance of an Afrikaner-directed National Party government by the overpoweringly white constituency in 1948 gestured the arrival of the policy of Apartheid. During the 1950s, non-whites remained detached from democratic reels, dwelling and flexibility laws were tautened and party-political doings limited. The ANC also originate its role perfect in the e...
Old South Africa is best described by Mark Uhlig, “The seeds of such violent conflict in South Africa were sown more than 300 years ago, with the first meetings of white settlers and indigenous black tribes in an unequal relationship that was destined one day to become unsustainable” (116).
I was treated well in prison; security guards grew a certain respect for me. I decided not to waste my time, so I informed my cellmates about the apartheid, and their horrible laws. They listened attentively, and wanted to help, so together we organized hunger strikes and protests. After 27 years, on February 11, 1990 I was released from jail. I could’ve got out of jail in 1985, P.W. Botha offered me a release but only if I would stop the armed conflict. Without a doubt, I chose to stay in prison because I believed that the right thing to do was to put an end to apartheid. P.W. Botha was an evil man, he committed to state terrorism and to thwart black majority rule. He had a stroke in 1989 and Frederick Willem replaced Botha. Frederick on the other hand, was the complete opposite of Botha. He set me free from jail.”
The Dutch first settled in South Africa in 1652 as a stopping point for ships on their way to the East Indies. However, it became a British colony in 1815 after the Napoleonic wars. The Dutch moved inland to escape the British but broke out into war against the Shaka tribe in the northern part of South Africa. The Dutch Boers won, and so they established an Afrikaner state in the north. In 1899, the British tried to annex this Afrikaner state resulting in the Boer Wars. Finally in 1910, the war ended in a coalition between the Afrikaner States and the British. During this period (1910-1948), the Union government enforced several laws that restricted the rights of the black people. They were denied job reservations, the right to form unions and equal citizenship. One Such law was the Pass Law, which required blacks to carry identification pass books with them at all times. In 1948, South Africa gained its independence from British rule, but this did not mean freedom in any shape or form for the indigenous South Africans. What this meant was that the Dutch settlers, the “Boers” now had full right to treat the blacks as they wished and they certainly did. Between 1948 and 1999, a harsh system of racial segregation called apartheid, or “apartness” in Afrikaans was practiced in the Republic of South Africa. Under this regime, the white minori...
...odes, A., & Watson, V. (2008). Learning from the Post-Apartheid Experience. In Planning and Transformation. New York: Routledge.
Worden, N. (2007). The making of modern south africa: Conquest, apartheid, democracy. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.