In 1979 Howard Gardner started researching human potential, this research led to a book entitled “Frames of Mind” this book introduced the theory of multiple intelligences (Armstrong). The theory of multiple intelligences challenged the conventional idea that intelligence could be measured and scored by a simple test giving us an “IQ” number. (Armstrong) The theory of multiple intelligences propounds that intelligence can be found in many forms and that different learning methods are required for different intelligences.
Gardner identified 8 “intelligences”: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, mechanical-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal intrapersonal, and naturalist. (Armstrong) According to the theory: Linguistic intelligence involves an affinity for words and language. Logical-mathematical intelligence involves an affinity for number and patterns. Musical intelligence involves an affinity for music and sounds. Mechanical-kinesthetic intelligence involves the physical body, both in the terms of self-expression and in hands on activities such as: crafts, mechanics and sports. Spatial intelligence involves an affinity for colors, space, and form; it is often associated with artists. Interpersonal intelligence is defined by an empathic view of the world; those with this intelligence identify with others. Intrapersonal intelligence is defined by inner knowledge, those with this intelligence are in touch with themselves and have a capacity for self-awareness and self-discipline. Naturalist Intelligence is defined by the ability to identify and categorize the items in one’s environment (Armstrong). Gardner was quite conscious that many of his “Intelligences” were labeled “talents”. He argued that they were in fact intell...
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...huge step forward. The idea of holistic education, whether it be through learning styles or recognizing social and environmental factors, was undeniably born when Dr. Gardner first presented his theory of multiple intelligences.
Works Cited
Armstrong, Thomas (2009). Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom (Vol. 3). Alexandria, VA, USA: Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development (ASCD).
Haynie, Devon. (February, 17 2014). Consider Your Learning Style Before Signing Up For An Online Course. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from US News & World Report: http://www.usnews.com/education/online-education/articles/2014/02/17/consider-your-learning-style-before-signing-up-for-an-online-course
Hoerr, Thomas R (2002, Feb). Learning styles. Scholastic Parent & Child, 9, 42-47.
Riener, Cedar, & Willingham, Daniel (2010). The Myth Of Learning Styles. Change, 42(5), 32-35.
In reality, people are a combination of most every single one of the intelligences and certain intelligences blend into one another. For instance, there is a reason people connect with actors, they not only are they strong with their own bodily-kinetics, they also can connect with an audience showing that they have a great intrapersonal intelligence. Even though Gardner says you can have a combination of the intelligences, the problem comes at drawing the line of which intelligences are greater in a person or which intelligence is more dominant in
Howard Gardner used to define intelligence as “the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings” (Gardner 33). The modern day human being would most likely include the words “smart” and “dumb” in their definition of intelligence. Gardner questioned the belief of only one intelligence so he created his own theory that involved seven different discoveries. He didn’t want to call these discoveries “skills” or “talents” or gifts” because those all suggested a drawback so he decided on the word “intelligence,” creating his theory of multiple intelligences (Gardner 33). Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences including, linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, intrapersonal and interpersonal, has many implications for modern education and culture.
According to Howard Gardner (1991), every individual is born with a certain intelligence or potential intelligence. It is unfair to teach and/or assess an individual with a standard guideline or benchmark. This is mainly because every individual possess a different intellectual strength and different kinds of mind that learn, perform and understand in a different ways which is difficult to be changed. If an individual cannot understand the way we communicate, we should communicate in the way they can understand. Howard Gardner (1983), in his Multiple Intelligence Theory, proposes that human intelligence has seven dimensions that should be acknowledged and developed by the encouragement of learning and self-development and
Howard Gardner’s theory contains eight main multiple intelligence. As the years have progressed there have taken one out and is left with the main seven. These seven are: Linguistic, Mathematical, Spatial, bodily, Musical, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. These are found in everyone; however, each person will excel in one or two. Once teachers can determine what intelligence the students will exceed on and teach to their strengths the student will learn much more.
Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.
An ethnically direct meaning of intelligence is to comprehend the ideas behind the testing of intelligence and its effectiveness (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Gardner came up with the development of multiple intelligence, demonstrating that intelligence of humans is not an accurate account of an individual’s abilities. Howard Gardner’s theory shows how the conventional aspects of intelligence are vague. He discovered eight ideas of intelligence, which were body-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, musical, interpersonal, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, intra personal and natural intelligences. There is potential for a ninth intelligence added known as existentialist.
...ists approach in defining human intelligence. I believe that intelligence is the ability to utilize our entire brain, which will most definitely include Gardner's theory but more. Since we only use a small percentage of our brain, I imagine our brains have a lot more forms of intelligence than the ones Gardner proposes as well as more stages of child development than the ones Piaget proposes. As I mentioned before, intelligence is an open-ended word that may never have an agreed upon definition, but we all have our own definition.
Most researchers believe that we are born with a certain intelligence or potential intelligence. They also believe that the intelligence we are born with is difficult to change. Psychologists use short-answer tests to assess one’s intelligence (Gardner papers). It was believed that intelligence was a single inherited thing. Human beings start out initially as a blank slate and could be trained to learn anything, provided that it was presented in an appropriate way (Multiple Intelligences and Education). Currently an “increasing number of researchers believe the opposite. Gardner defined intelligence as: “the ability to create an effective product or offer a service that is valued in culture; a set ...
The definition of intelligence becomes even more complicated when one considers the work of Howard Gardner. Gardner claims that intelligence can not be defined with one definition because intelligence is not one thing. Gardner purports that there are eight different categories of intelligence: musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. He is currently considering adding a ninth category of intelligence: existential (Carvin).
Gardner’s theory of MI offers an alternative view of intelligence which has measured intelligence based on the results that would predict success in the current educational system. Furham (2009) sums up Gardner’s definition as “the ability to solve problems or to create products that are valued within one or more cultural settings”. This definition suggests that human intelligence is comprised of more than the predictable success in a western school system. Gardner argues that traditional definitions of intelligence and intelligence testing are too narrow and marginalize people who do not fit traditional education system that focuses on visual–spatial, verbal–linguistic, and logical–mathematical intelligences. He supports this with unique cases of idiots savant, who are people with low IQs but excel in skills in areas not measured through tradition IQ tests (Arnett, 2013). MI theory proposes that individual’s intelligence can be differentiated on eight different modalities:
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence focuses more on how numerical expressions of human intelligence are not a full and accurate depiction of people’s abilities (McFarlane, 2011). He includes and describes eight intelligences that are based on skills and abilities that are valued within different cultures. The eight intelligences include visual-spatial (e.g. sailor navigating with no navigational systems), verbal-linguistic (e.g. poets, writers, orators, and communicators), bodily-kinesthetic (e.g. dancers, athletes, surgeons, craftspeople), logical-mathematical (e.g. mathematicians and logicians), interpersonal(e.g. salespeople, teachers, clinicians, politicians, and religious leaders), musical (e.g. musicians and
Smith, M. K., (2002). Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and education. Retrieved February 10, 2005, from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm.
Manner, Barbara M. (2001). Learning Styles and Multiple intelligences in students. Journal of College Science Teaching. 30(6) p 390-93. retrieved April 7, 2003 from Eric/Ebsco database.
Personal learning styles are highly complex and unique to specific individuals. It is often difficult to pinpoint an exact learning style. Though there are different categories, we often fine tune them to our own abilities. By examining our traits and tendencies we create a clearer understanding of how we process and learn information. With careful review, I have developed a specific analysis of my learning characteristics, including an evaluation of skill levels. Based on what I have recently learned and know from experience, I have also devised a structured plan for improvement of time management and study skills.
Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard, introduced his theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. Multiple intelligence’s is a theory about the brain that says human beings are born with single intelligence that cannot be changed, and is measurable by a psychologist. Gardner believes that there are eight different intelligences in humans. The eight are verbal linguistic, visual spatial, bodily kinesthetic, mathematical logic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and naturalist. Understanding these intelligence’s will help us to design our classroom and curriculum in a way that will appeal to all of our students. We might also be able to curve discipline problems by reaching a student in a different way. One that will make more sense to them and more enjoyable. We can include all of the intelligences in lessons to accommodate all of the students’ different learning styles at once. By reaching each students intelligence we can assume that a student will perform better which, could mean students retaining more important information. A students learning style can also help lead them into a more appropriate career direction. As a teacher you can also learn your own personal learning style or intelligence to help improve the way you learn and teach.