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the history of computer development
history of computer engineering
an essay on programming Language
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I. Introduction
The topic that I have chosen and researching about is an in-depth look into the history of computer programming languages. I chose this topic as a pathway for me to learn about them, and how they are applied to assist the real world. This topic relates to my life interest to become a computer programmer, to help others in the creation of new technology. Without them, what would power or provide the special features for our electronics? They were all designed with a special purpose, which would allow a developer’s imagination to take over and design his or her own architectural program.
II. Techniques
To conduct my research, I used various search engines for Internet sources as well as read various textbooks. I mostly consulted with resources that are from an educational website or university. This assisted my research as to provide accurate and reliable information for me to use, as the Internet has been known to wrongly provide false knowledge. From this, I learned to cross-reference the websites that I use to ensure the dependability of it across multiple sources. This method proved to be effective in my opinion, as it proved a website to be valid by checking the information found on other websites. However, I have also realized that this method is not always fool-proof or fail-safe. And so, I examined the government and national archives to find my primary sources of statistics and first-hand accounts.
III. Investigation
Programming languages, each uniquely designed, have a special purpose, and provide the tools to establish the compatibility between society and the technological world. It’s important to learn about the history of popular computer programming languages, as it grants computer use...
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"History of Java." An Introduction to the Java Programming Language. Binghamton University, 1997. Web. 5 May 2014. .
"History of PHP." PHP. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2014. .
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"The Java Programming Language." N.p., 16 Dec. 1997. Web. 05 May 2014. .
Ritchie, Dennis M. "The Development of the C Language*." Chistory. Bell Labs/Lucent Technologies, n.d. Web. 09 May 2014. .
"What Most Schools Don't Teach." YouTube, 26 Feb. 2013. Web. 08 May 2014. .
During that late 1960's and early 1970's, BASIC was one of the premier programming languages. At that time, Bill Gates and his friend Paul Allen made the commitment to learn BASIC by reading the user manuals. In exchange for computer time, they made an agreement with a local company called the Computer Center Corporation to provide de-bugging services for software on the company's DEC machine. This time was used not only to search for errors, but also to study the operating systems from any discarded code they came across. Moreover, during this time Gates continued to expand his knowledge of computer programming as he taught himself other programming languages including FORTRAN, LISP and PDP-10 machine language. (Reitz, 1996)
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "COBOL (computer language)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. 11 Apr. 2014 .
Lest a whole new generation of programmers grow up in ignorance of this glorious past, I feel duty-bound to describe, as best I can through the generation gap, how a Real Programmer wrote code. I'll call him Mel, because that was his name.
Software engineering is a relatively new career but the most important component of software engineering, the computer, has a long history that started many centuries ago. The abacus, a tool composed of beads and strings representing numbers, is considered by many to be the original computing device. The abacus, a device developed in Asia, was widely used during the Middle Ages. The abacus is still used today by many students. The next important milestone in the creation o...
“The BINAC (or Binary Automatic Computer) was the first computer built from the start as a ‘stored-program computer,’ an innovation that made it possible for computers to ‘remember’ their software and not have to be constantly reprogrammed every time a new problem was introduced” (Smith, 2007). Jean Jennings Bartik was a pioneer in software engineering. Her development of fundamental programming techniques such as subroutines and nesting are important concepts still in use today, without them computer code would be a lot more verbose. Also, during Bartik’s career she had the experience of working her way up the ladder; from being a simple computer calculating trajectories by hand to a project manager while developing the BINAC and
For years, C++ (C Plus Plus) has dominated the business market place for many different companies and has allowed many computer programmers to obtain vast amounts of knowledge and experience since 1972 when it was first developed by Dennis Ritchie of AT&T Bell Laboratories (Lambert / Nance Page 16). It has been in use for almost thirty years – not to mention the years before when it’s precursor C was developed and commonly used also – and has made a great impact on the development of software for business’ across the world. It has become a second nature programming language to those that use it and have been forced to stay with C++.
The subject of this term paper will be about computers in the 1950’s. The divisions that will be covered are; the types of computers there were, the memory capacity of computers, the programming languages of that time, and the uses of the computers for that time. Information will be gathered from the Internet, from books, and from magazines, and from the encyclopedia.
On May 28, 1959, the Conference of Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) met for the first time with the idea of developing a universal language for building business applications. That language was COBOL. By 1960, COBOL was commercially ready, and for the next 20 years, more programs were written in COBOL than in any other language. Influenced by FORTRAN, a programming language for the scientific community, and FlowMatic, the group recognized the growing needs of the business community. They thought that if the scientific programmers were going to get a single language, they could do the same for business. In April 1959, at an informal meeting at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, a small group of computer manufacturers, large users and academics asked the Department of Defense (DOD) to head the efforts (The Creation of COBOL,Brandel). The next month, the DOD called the first meeting of CODASYL, which consisted of eight computer manufacturers and a few large users. The DOD broke CODASYL into several committees, and by June, the nine member “short-range committee” was asked to undertake a six-month investigation into developing the language. DOD made COBOL mandatory for all suppliers of computing hardware and software who were bidding of defense procurements (Encyclopedia of Comp.Sci.,page350). This pressure resulted in persuading other suppliers to adopt COBOL also and thus the programming language took off.
Watson, J. (2008). A history of computer operating systems (pp. 14-17). Ann Arbor, MI: Nimble Books.
The Ada language is the result of the most extensive and most expensive language design effort ever undertaken. The United States Department of Defense (DoD) was concerned in the 1970¡¦s by the number of different programming languages being used for its projects, some of which were proprietary and/or obsolete. Up until 1974, half of the applications at the DoD were embedded systems. An embedded system is one where the computer hardware is embedded in the device it controls. More than 450 programming languages were used to implement different DoD projects, and none of them were standardized. As a result of this, software was rarely reused. For these reasons, the Army, Navy, and Air Force proposed to develop a high-level language for embedded systems (The Ada Programming Language). In 1975 the Higher Order Language Working Group (HOLWG) was formed with the intent of reducing this number by finding or creating a programming language generally suitable for the department's requirements.
Under the rapid revolution of technologies, great convenience is provided to everyone around the world. Students nowadays are typically exposed to computing. As the modern technologies such as computers, smartphones, and tablets are becoming part of our everyday life, writing computer programs to solve problems is becoming a basic skill for all students. And the fundamental of these computing and modern technologies is called C language. This paper will explore the history of the C programming language and analyse its influence towards the modern technologies.
The computer evolution has been an amazing one. There have been astonishing achievements in the computer industry, which dates back almost 2000 years. The earliest existence of the computer dates back to the first century, but the electronic computer has only been around for over a half-century. Throughout the last 40 years computers have changed drastically. They have greatly impacted the American lifestyle. A computer can be found in nearly every business and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). Our Society relies critically on computers for almost all of their daily operations and processes. Only once in a lifetime will a new invention like the computer come about.
Software engineering was suggested at a NATO conference in 1968 to talk about the software crisis. “Software crisis” was the name give to problems encountered in the development of large and complex systems . In the early 1970s, notions of structured programming started coming up. In the late 1970s, early
As we describe a programming language is a formal constructed language designed to exchange instructions with machines. particular to computers , we can use programming languages to create programs to control the behavior of computer or express algorithms . we use programming languages to behave external computer components such as printers , scanners etc. since the past many of programming languages had been creating mainly in the computer field and most of them have been creating every year .