The oral cavity is home to a great variety of primitive organisms. It is the gateway to two of the most imperative body systems, the gastrointestinal and the respiratory systems. The oral cavity is the drainage to secretory glands called the salivary glands of which there is between 600-1000 small glands located throughout the mouth. They are exocrine glands that release their secretions through tiny ducts that open into the mouth. There are three major pairs of salivary glands however that contribute the most to the oral secretion and these are; the parotid gland, which is the largest and it is located at the back of the jaw, the submandibular gland, located in the lower jaw, and the sublingual glands, located under the tongue ( "Composition of Saliva 2010"). All salivary glands release the substance Saliva, which not only moistens the mouth, but it has a myriad of components that carry out differentiated functions within the mouth.
As insignificant as it may seem, Saliva is an expression of the status of many of the body's tissues, organs or even systems. It consists of 98% water and only 2% of it are substances whose concentrations and contents as secreted into the mouth are effective biological indicators ( " Saliva"). They change with illness, they change with a change in diet and they change periodically. The periodical change in the salivary secretions takes many forms and rhythms, monitored by internal biological clocks. These biological clocks are simply groupings of interacting molecules in cells and they are responsible for a great variety of oscillations in physiological processes in animals, plants, and even prokaryotes. In humans, all the biological clocks in the body are controlled by a "Master clock" in the...
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...ck That Synchronizes Other Biological Clocks in the Body. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.
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formed and secreted into the stomach and intestine all along the stomach and intestine from submucosal
The master clock in the body is in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. According to the article the SCN contains approximately 20,000 neurons that make up the circadian network. And nearly all cells in the body contains a molecular clock, information is passed through the circadian clock similar to how message is passed from the senses by external stimuli and send to the brain for interpretation. The master clock receives the light from the retina and transfer it to the peripheral clocks through endocrine and systemic cues. The comparable structure of the molecular clocks throughout body allows them to maintain circadian
Saliva is a watery liquid that is produced by the salivary glands (Martini et al., 2015). There are three pairs of salivary gland; the parotid, sublingual and submandibular. Each of these glands have different cellular structure and produces saliva with slightly different content that preforms different functions (Martini et al., 2015). The parotid salivary glands which is the largest produce a serous excretion that contains high amounts of salivary amylase which helps in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates. The sublingual salivary glands produces mucous excretion that functions as a lubricant and buffer (Martini et al., 2015). The submandibular salivary glands produces mucin which is a combination of buffers and glycoproteins, salivary amylase is also released. Each gland releases their products through their respective ducts into the buccal cavity or mouth. Saliva itself consist 99.4% of water and the 0.6% left are buffers, electrolytes, mucins, enzymes and antibodies (Martini et al., 2015). Sugar, Na+ and Cl- are in low concentration and this is to prevent interference with the sense of taste (Calhoun & Eibling, 2006).
The salivary glands. There are three extrinsic salivary glands in the mouth, namely, the parotid (located beneath the skin of the oral cavity, behind the jaw and anterior to the ear lobe), the submandibular (located along the jaw) and the sublingual glands (located under the tongue). The acidic saliva (pH 6.35-6.85) secreted by these glands is composed of water, salivary α- amylase (ptyalin), chloride ions, buffer in the form of bicarbonate and phosphate, IgA and lysozyme. Saliva breaks down carbohydrates and lipids in the mouth (de Almeida et al, 2008).
The body and brain are changing machines, where states of consciousness shift with zealous nature to allow our human anatomy to flourish. Schedules of the circadian rhythm function differently for everyone yet, is an important part of functioning for the human anatomy/mind. For the average person, however, the cycles we go through usually speak for a sleep rotation. But sometimes, even with these measured rituals, we find ourselves at a loss when we realize how fragile our circadian rhythm can be, caused by "insomnia," " jet-lag, " or even "weekend-lag."
Phillips, A. J. K., et al. :Mammalian Rest/Activity Patterns Explained By Physiologically Based Modeling.” Plos Computational Biology 9.9 (2013): 1-10. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
Our bodies experience ups and downs throughout the whole day, and that is due to our biological rhythms. The fluctuations that occur in our biological system are what dictate numerous factors within our body. Our circadian rhythms which occur within a 24-hour cycle, are coordinated with the external environment, however, they can also get unbalanced. Today, I will write about what circadian rhythms are and how our biological clock works, I will describe what happens when they become out of sync. In addition, I will also explain my mental alertness levels for the past three days.
Grigg, Bill. “NIH News Release.” 28 Dec. 1999 [last revision]. < <a href="http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/dec99/niehs-28.htm">http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/dec99/niehs-28.htm > 1999.
Diabetes mellitus affects an estimated 20 million Americans, about 35 to 40 % of whom have not received a diagnosis. More than 9 % of the adult population has diabetes, and both the incidence and prevalence are increasing every year.” (Mealey, 2006, page 1) This is a scary statement. These numbers include our parents, aunts, uncles, sisters and brothers. We need to be aware that this is a real threat. Many of these individuals most likely have some type of periodontal issues as well, particularly if the diabetes is uncontrolled or not yet diagnosed. The health of the mouth can play a significant role in the overall health of the body.
A person’s oral health is essential for one’s overall health and well-being. Many oral and craniofacial diseases and conditions can result from lack of oral care. These diseases and conditions include tooth decay, gum diseases, cleft lip and palate, oral and facial pain, mouth and throat cancers, and dry mouth (CITE). In addition, a person may find it difficult to maintain a healthy oral health status due to their social determinants. Healthy People 2020 states, “a person’s access to oral health care is associated with factors such as education level, income, race, and ethnicity” (CITE). For example, in 2014, 17.7% of adults of 25 years and older with less than a high school education visited the dentist during that past year in comparison to 57.9% of adults with at least some college education. Additionally, 57.2% of people aged 2 years and older with family incomes 400% or more of the poverty threshold visited the dentist within that past year, while those who had family incomes less than 100% was 28.7% (CITE). Moreover,
Smolensky, M., & Lamberg L. (2000) The Body Clock Guide to Better Health. Retrieved March 19, 2005 from http://www.aamcc.org/body_clock.htm
Maintaining oral health is extremely important not only for your mouth, but for your overall health (Wallace, Taylor, Wallace & Cockrell, 2010). Poor oral health impacts a person’s quality of life and general health, It causes pain which could result in poor nutrition (Griffin, Jones, Brunson, Griffin & Bailey, 2012). The residents at Menarock aged care have a private dentist from Alpha dental that visits the facility when prompted, although some resident’s families take them to their own family dental professional.
1. Literature Review 1.1 Significance of Oral Health Oral health is important to everyone. People may need to face their own oral problems. Some important findings has been explored. According to the 2001 Oral health Survey established by Department of Health(2001) in Hong Kong and Annual Report 2010 of Bureau of Health Promotion in Taiwan(2010), 9 persons in ten have different level of periodontal disease.
Excellent oral health includes keeping teeth healthy and looking their best (Dr.Roma M MDS – Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics KMC Hospital). This can be achieved by following the correct techniques, following a dentist’s orders, and plenty of other important rules (Edwards). Maintaining healthy teeth by following proper oral care comes with benefits for a lifetime such as a healthier mouth and prevention of oral problems.
In a majority of circadian rhythms there seems to be major components which include an endogenous component (which is regulated by an internal clock located in the hypothalamus) and an exogenous component. This exogenous component is made up of different clues in time in the world around us....