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Democratic views in the 19th century
Conservative mindset of the 19th century
Conservative mindset of the 19th century
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The Great Exhibition of 1851 sought to provide the world with the hope of a better future. After Europe’s struggle of two decades of political and social upheaval, the Exhibition hoped to show that technology was the key to a better future. The Europeans were excited to display their new innovative technology and show off their progress of industrialization and economic changes. The most popular exhibit was the Crystal Palace; the first monumental structure in Britain that was constructed of uniquely from metal and glass (93). The promoters of the Palace said it will be known and remembered for ages across Europe. Just as the Liberals thought that Liberalism would stay forever due to their breakthrough so did the promoters think the same thing would happen with the Crystal Palace. However, both ideas were illusions and in just a few centuries both would fall. The promoters also thought that nothing would ever be greater than the Palace (94) which is what the Liberals thought of other non-Liberal groups, and like the Palace fell, so did the Liberal’s fall as well and they would be replaced without hesitation. They viewed the world as if it was in the palm of their hands, across Europe the societies were becoming more and more progressive and industrialized while putting the past turmoil they had encountered behind them. There was an extensive celebration of Liberal achievements and throughout both articles Liberalism is always articulated of with a positive connotation behind it. The Liberals boast constantly about the Crystal Palace and its greatness due to its help to move forward the history of industry. They were so certain that it would be a success that they predicted not only the wealthy to soon start and embrace the style ... ... middle of paper ... ...terial and industrial developments of the time period were the most rapid and powerful changes the Europeans had ever seen. The Liberals seemed to believe that they could and would change Europe to make it the Europe that they had fought for. They looked at the past with respect to all of the progress that was made and what it took to get there but the detestable attitude towards the non- Liberals that caused them all their trouble was not easily missed. All of the improvement and advancements they made was sometimes overlooked. It is only once they were out of that time period when they could look back and see what they really went through, it is then when they had to stop and look where they were and where they were going to make sure that that is the future for them, and to the Liberals it was. Works Cited The Economist (London) 9 (1851) 4-6, 57-58, 92- 100
...ith this next statement: "The flexible hybrid of Capitalism and the welfare state pioneered in the United States had proven capable of military triumph over Germany, Italy, and Japan. Despite widespread fears and dark prophecies that the depression would return once the war was over, the economy weathered the transition away from the controlled economy of wartime with relative ease." The businessmen of the time continued to fight for conservatism even when liberalism seemed to be at its finest. This quote from the author made the businessmen of the day to once again seem as of they were out of though with the majority of society and were only seeking what benefit them and their bank accounts.
Carden, Robert W. "The Franco-British Exhibition." Architectural Review 1908 July, v. 24, p. [32]-37 ; 1908 Sept., p. [108]-111
Overall, politics are key in determining whether this era was predominantly liberal or conservative as well as economic and social reforms. On an aside, conservatism can be defined as a political philosophy based upon tradition and social stability while liberalism can be defined in two ways. Modern Liberalism emphasizes liberty and rights but, believes in strong government intervention in order to prevent the growth of a capitalist society, while classical liberalism advocates liberty and the autonomy of the individual. With these definitions given it can be concluded that the progressive era promoted change as well as government intervention to prevent capitalism from spreading and the autonomy of the individual. In conclusion, for the most part the Progressive Era from 1901-1907 was a triumph for modern and classical liberalism.
However, it wasn’t until the construction of the Eiffel Tower that stirred Americans. “The [Eiffel] tower not only assured the eternal fame of its designer, Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, but also offered graphic proof that France had edged out the United States for dominance in the realm of iron and steel, despite the Brooklyn Bridge, the Horseshoe Curve, and other Undeniable accomplishments of American engineers.” (pg.15). Americans were baffled, how could France be ahead of the race that America started? Discussions of a fair to be built in Chicago were announced, the same men who were responsible for the rebuilding of Chicago after the Great Fire of 1871 would be on the committee for building this great fair (pg.16). This fair would be a display of modern or ancient times. Being that there was one in Paris, it was only right for America to have one, and the goal was for it to be bigger and better. Once approved by government officials and personnel on the committee, there was a decision to construct The Chicago’s World Fair; which would also be referred to as the World’s Columbian Exposition. The lead architects Daniel Burnham and John Root knew that failure wasn’t an option. They could not let the nation’s honor or reputation become tarnished (pg.33). Burnham and Root had the job of insuring the nation’s egotism and prominence by exceeding the expectations of civilians. This was an extremely hard job, for both Burnham and Root this would be their biggest challenge, yet they would excel due to their expertise and power to imagine and
Crystal palace in 1851, the first London expo, resplendent and magnificent hall, various novel invented many visitors stunned, eye-opening, industrialized production of achievement let all practitioners in the field of experience a revolution is coming. Although is world expo of Britain, but as the United States in the emerging world has brought thousands of surprising new inventions, among them, the americans McCormick invented a harvester let those one thousand face upwards toward the loess back farmer cultivates deeply realized, mechanization of agricultural production wil...
Using the quote by Habermas as a starting point, select up to two buildings designed in the twentieth century and examine what ‘sudden, shocking encounters’ they have encountered, or created. Analyse the building’s meanings as a demonstration of an avant-garde, or potentially arriere-garde, position.
This was an era of what some have called the first true capitalist age of globalization, which saw intensified integration and interdependence between societies. But in spite of the economical boom not everybody was euphoric because of inequality. Great surpluses were produced, but they were very unevenly distributed within societies and between societies. Was fear that some of these economics crises could produce political ones. John Maynard Keynes worried about the precarious nature of things.
and Conflicting Feminine Ideals at European and American World Exhibition, 1873-1915." Identities, Places, Projections: World's Fairs and Architecture, July 2000: 1-35.
...ts had a liberal mindset by viewing the capitalistic society with mistrust as they held great power among the nation.
beginning, before the war and before Hitler took power, they felt as if Liberalism was not doing
The building was to represent modernity and the wonderful things that humankind can accomplish. It was a beautiful jewel in the crown of the Industrial Revolution. Dostoyevsky stuck his tongue out at this modernist thinking and pointed out that such a place can never exist, man would destroy it out of boredom. Whereas Bentham and Chernyshevsky sought out the good and wellbeing of humankind, Dostoyevsky saw the opposite and destructive side of
The “superstar” museum gained this status by considering every important detail during its establishment and initial phases of conversion from royal palace to museum (Gombault, 2002). As the purpose of the building changed, each room addressed new functions with new requirements. Although the function of the Louvre is different from the building’s original intention, the building is still appears dignified and important enough to display priceless artifacts and painting (Steffensen-Bruce, 1998). This consideration was applied in designing the Met. The Met looked towards the South Kensington Museum (Victoria and Albert) and the “ideal role model” due to its extensive collections and international reputation (Heckscher, 1995). The Met found itself in a similar situation to the South Kensington, because it did not have a building or a collection to start with (Heckscher, 1995). When designing museums, architects strived to create monuments that “prepare and educate the mind of the visitor (Steffensen-Bruce, 1998).” Education is an essential function of a museum. Acquiring, preserving, and properly displaying materials, permits a museum to fulfill this duty (Steffensen-Bruce, 1998). For instance, lighting is a factor that affects the manner in which artwork is viewed and can be properly appreciated. When determining the proper lighting for the Louvre, Comte d’Angiviller, strongly believed that natural, overhead lighting was the most effective solution (McClellan, 1994, p. 72). The same determination impacted the decision to add skylights at the Met. During the initial phase, architects Vaux and Mould, added skylights to the upper floor, and windows to the lower floor that provided a natural light solution (Heckscher, 1995). Additionally, glass-roofed courtyards provided “unimpeded light” for displaying
The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament, serves as the meeting place for the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Old Palace was a medieval building that was destroyed by fire in 1834. After the fire, a competition was held for architects to submit plans for the new building that should be in a Gothic or Elizabethan style hoping to embody the conservative values of England. A Royal commission chose Charles Barry’s designs for a Perpendicular Gothic palace. Barry’s own style was more classical than Gothic, which is why Augustus Pugin’s involvement was so crucial in Barry winning the competition.
...er is still an economic boost to the city of London as a must see. Because the structure was so impressive, it brought quite a bit of tourism to the city. The designs were extremely important to the people because it showed the greatness of their country and still held the conservative belief that was once lost in the past. It just goes to show just how important it was to the church, the people, and to the commonwealth of the cities and towns that had such amazing structures erected.
Liberalists are the radical believers of change. Liberalists support the ideas of equality, liberty, individuality, and rationality. Liberalism is on a steady decline and is slowly becoming a mere background theory. Liberalism doesn’t hold enough legitimate weight to even be considered an ideology of the 19th century. Instead we should just use the necessary ideas and implement them...