Gap Analysis: Global Communications
The confidence in the entire telecommunications industry is diminishing. Stockholders are realizing diminishing returns on their investment and are having doubts about the industry?s ability to regain past levels of profitability. Telecommunications companies are experiencing losses due to high levels of competition for the consumer dollars available. Cable companies have been allowed into the market to provide a single provider solution for television, broadband internet, and two-way voice communication. The leadership of Global Communication has the challenge before them of turning the declining profits of the previous three years into gains.
Situation Analysis
Issue and Opportunity Identification
The increase in competition and the reduction in shareholder confidence has had a large negative impact on Global Communications stock value. Over the past three years, its stock price declined from $28 per share to $11 per share. This 59% loss in shareholder value minimized confidence in the company and added to the telecommunications industry?s overall financial problems.
The senior leadership team has two policy changes in the works to help turn the decline of the company around and start back on the road to prosperity. The first is the introduction of new and more advanced communication services marketed to small business and individual consumers. These include wireless internet access via phone or personal computers, video, and remote network access through a virtual private network (VPN) to their company?s mainframe. Second, the senior leadership team has identified measures that will improve profits. In support of these initiatives, the company plans to implement an aggressive marketin...
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End-State Goals
The company has a method of communicating information to the employees with minimum chance for barriers to interfere. This will be accomplished within one month. The result will be measured by employee surveys.
The company will communicate with Union liaison proposed policy changes that affect union employees during the exploratory phase of planning in order to obtain all information related to the change. This will start immediately and be measured quarterly by interviews with union leaders.
The company with retain the majority of their intellectual capital by implementing retention bonuses. This will be communicated face-to- face by all supervisors to their subordinates to encourage willingness to accept changes in assignment; This will be measured by Human Resources staffing numbers. This will occur concurrently to the outsourcing announcement.
At this point the identity of the unknown compound was hypothesized to be calcium nitrate. In order to test this hypothesis, both the unknown compound and known compound were reacted with five different compounds and the results of those reactions were compared. It was important to compare the known and unknown compounds quantitatively as well to ensure that they were indeed the same compound. This was accomplished by reacting them both with a third compound which would produce an insoluble salt that could be filte...
In the first part of this project, two cation elimination tests and one cation confirmation test were performed. 10 drops of 4 cation solutions: potassium, zinc(II), copper(II)
In part A, a strong acid, HCl, was added to the solution. HCl is a strong acid because it completely dissociates in a solution, therefore, it is highly reactive. The negative Cl- ions reacted with the positive metal cations in the
The purpose of this lab is to determine the concentration of copper ions in an unknown solution. Complexometric titration will be used to determine the concentration. A buret will be used to deliver the complexing agent to the unknown solution. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid will be used as the complexing reagent. An indicator, Murexide in our case, will be used to indicate the endpoint of the reaction.
Our unknown solution, test tube 1024, contained mercury (I) and lead. Throughout the entire experiment, we performed the same reactions in a known solution that contained all three metal ions as a visual comparison to determine what qualities one should observe after each added compound. Because each ion was initially in a compound with nitrate (NO3) in an aqueous, solution we added hydrochloric acid (HCl) to both solutions, and both solutions formed a white precipitate. Because all three metal ions form a white precipitate when bonded with chlorine (Cl‐), it remained unclear which specific ions were present. We then decanted the supernatant and submerged each test tube with the remaining precipitate in a hot water bath. Lead (II) chloride,
WorldCom, US second largest telecommunication company in the United States behind AT&T, was founded in 1983. The company starts their business under the name “Long Distance Discount Services” (LDDS), providing long distance telecommunication services. The company was profitable from the start. In 1985, Bernie Ebbers became the company’s CEO. The company changes its name to WorldCom in 1995. During the 1990’s, the company starts to grow through series of successful acquisition and merger. However, during the late 1999, the company’s performance begins to decline due to heightened competition and reduced demand for telecommunication services.
When given a test tube of the unknown sample, four drops of 6 M HCl(aq) was first added in order to precipitate the ions into their respective chlorides, AgCl(s), Hg2Cl2(s), PbCl2(s), if present. After adding the HCl(aq) to the sample, the solution would turned milky white and a white precipitate settled to the bottom of the test tube, indicating that there was at least one of the ions initially present in the unknown solution. A large amount of HCl was not added because the AgCl(s) and PbCl2(s) would otherwise form soluble chloro complexes with the excess chloride atoms: PbCl42-(aq) and AgCl2-(aq). The solution was then centrifuged to fully separate the suspended chlorides from the liquid. An additional drop of HCl was then added to the
K2CrO4 was added to the solution in order to create a solution with Ca2+ cations because CaCrO4 is completely soluble, and was dissolved in the solution, while BaCrO4 is insoluble. The resulting orange solution with possible Ca2+ ions was decanted. A yellow precipitate was observed, which could have indicated the presence of barium in the form of barium chromate, a yellow salt. However, this was proven to be a false positive, a test which incorrectly confirms the presence of a substance, when the presence of calcium ions was confirmed by the precipitation of CaC2O4, a white precipitate, in step 14. In this case, the presence of barium was incorrectly confirmed by the false positive. The observed yellow precipitate was formed due to the reaction of leftover lead ions from part A with potassium chromate, to produce lead chromate, which is also a yellow precipitate. While this observation was unusual, it was expected, especially since lead had been confirmed in part A, making the occurrence of the false positive more likely. The various chemical equations for part B were as
The compound that was assigned to be tested and the identity to be discovered was blue in color. Once 0.5028 grams of the blue compound was weighed out it was combined with 5 mL of distilled water. initially the unknown compound didn’t seem to dissolve in water. However, after a few minutes of constant stirring the substance dissolved completely. Thus indicating that the cation in the unknown compound was Cu2+. The identity of the cation had to be confirmed therefore a flame test had to be preformed. Once the solution was placed over the Bunsen burner the flame turned green confirming that the cation was Cu2+. To determine the character of the anion 0.1087 grams of the unknown compound, and 0.5109 grams of Na2CO3 was measured. Both solids were
With regards to Part B, once the initial two steps of this step were conducted, K2CrO4 was added. This reagent served to help identify whether Ca2+ or Ba2+ was present based on solubility and the presence of precipitate. On the principle of solubility, since the anion CrO42- forms mostly insoluble ionic compounds in water with most cations, Ca2+, could be identified due to that specific cation being one of the few exceptions.9 As a
Effective competition is widely seen as a key to the development of telecommunications services. The ability of new telecommunications networks to interconnect fairly and efficiently with existing networks is critical to the development of competition. AT&T has undergone numerous changes since its inception in the late 19th century. The McKinsey 7 S framework as applied by Pascale is recommended to manage the changes they are facing to adopt a greater competitive presence in the global economy. In conjunction with this framework, numerous other models were applied to analyse the global competitive position of AT&T. Recommendations for a revised strategy and direction for AT&T have been made throughout this document including two scenarios of how the telecommunications industry might develop towards 2000, while outlining the impact on AT&T.
The presence of a colored precipitate represents a pattern in the electron configuration of cations. When the outer p orbital of the ion of the metal is full, the precipitate of the product is white and no other color is present. When the outer d orbital of an ion is not completely full, the precipitate of the product is a true color. When the d orbital is completely full, the color of the precipitate is not a true color. Magnesium sulfate, aluminum chloride, and calcium chloride had a white precipitate after reacting with sodium hydroxide. Sodium chloride remained a clear liquid. The ions of magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and sodium have complete outer p orbitals and have no d orbitals. The precipitates and/or the liquids were colorless because
To begin the experiment, approximately 0.01g of the known solid compound was obtained in a test tube. The relative quantity was then observed and about 1mL of water was added. The test tube was then agitated for approximately twenty seconds and the quantity of solid visible was observed and subsequently contrasted to the original volume. Next, it was determined if any solid appeared to have dissolved in the water. After having determined if the solid dissolved, additional crystals were introduced into the test tube in order to determine if the solid was slightly soluble, soluble or very soluble. If the solid dissolved, the pH of the water was tested using the pH strips and the existent color change or lack there-of was observed. This process
A precipitation reaction can occur when two ionic compounds react and produce an insoluble solid. A precipitate is the result of this reaction. This experiment demonstrates how different compounds, react with each other; specifically relating to the solubility of the compounds involved. The independent variable, will be the changing of the various chemical solutions that were mixed in order to produce different results. Conversely the dependent variable will be the result of the independent variable, these include the precipitates formed, and the changes that can be observed after the experiment has been conducted. The controlled variable will be the measurement of ten droplets per test tube.
Complexometric titration is defined as a form of volumetric analysis in which the formation of a coloured complex is used to indicate the endpoint of the titration (1). Complexometric titrations rely on the formation of complexes between metal ions and compounds capable of donating electrons to form a stable, soluble complex (2). The complex is formed as a result of metal ions being titrated with a complexing agent or ligand. The principle of complexometric titrations is based on a simple ion being transformed into a complete ion and using a metal indicator to determine the endpoint (3), and the displacement of water from the solvation sphere of the metal ions by ligands (5). Different indicators are used in complexometric titrations as they have different pH ranges as well as detecting different metals in those ranges (1). Therefore complexometric titrations are useful in determining a mixture of different metals (1).