Memory is remembering the information that is stored in your mind. When we do not have memories, we will not able to recall our pasts, including the people you talked to, things you learn in class, how to do something, and etc. Memory is very important in our everyday life. Previous research, Stroth, Hille, Spitzer, & Reinharbt (2009) suggested that exercise is a great way to enhance memory, mental, and cognitive function.
In research article by Stroth, Hille, Spitzer, & Reinharbt (2009) states that in their experimental group, they took aerobic running and for the control group as vary with their daily exercises. After the study, they found that there are improvement on their memory performance. But no effect on concentration and verbal memory. They have concluded that there are benefits on exercise on memory.
In Salas, Minakata, Kelemen (2011) study to see whether aerobic exercise can improve judgments of learning or memory performance. They have college students using between-subjects factorial design. Students were to practice slides with walks. Then students were to complete their exercise and followed by free recall test. Judgments of learning had no effect, but students gain memory from ten minute walk before studying. Students who walked before had 25% increase in recall compared with who sat before encoding.
Coles and Tomoporowski (2008) studies asses how executive function, short-term, and long-term affects by brief session of moderate exercise. They had young adults to be tested set-switching, Brown-Peterson test, and a free-recall memory test with free recall test, before and after exercising. The experimental group was to complete forty minutes of moderate exercise on a stationary bike, and two no exercise control groups. This study showed that long-term memory maintained, but short-term memory had no improvement.
In China, Chan, Yim-chi, Mei-chun, Albert, Chiu, and Lam (2005) studied cross-sectional design to study the effect of mind-body and cardiovascular exercise. In this study were older participants that were 65 and above. Researchers recorded how many hours they spend on mind-body exercises, including exercise like tennis. To recall their memory after ten and thirty minute delay, researchers used Chinese characters. The authors concluded participants who exercise regularly performed better recall than those who don’t.
There were also studies using animals. One study was tested by Shimada, Hamakawa, Ishida, Tamakoshi, Nakashima, and Ishida (2013) to see if physical exercise recovers an impaired memory function in stroke rats. The animals were to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 min to induce stroke and were randomly assigned to four groups.
Ratey, John J. (2008). Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain. New York, NY: Little Brown and Company.
Memory can be defined as the mental system for receiving, encoding, storing, organising, altering and retrieving information (Coon & Mitterer, 2012). Many a time one is able to remember something, example how to drive a car, yet they are unable to remember a mathematical formula for an examination. People vary in their ability to remember certain things, and research conducted has proven that even infants differ in their memory abilities (Fagan & Singer, 1963). It was discovered by psychologists that memory is not static, but rather it is influenced by ones internal factors and situational happenings to a large effect (Huffman, Vernoy & Vernoy, 1997). This essay will attempt to discover which method of study is most suitable, by listing and explaining various memory strategies, as well as indicating how each method will improve memory efficiency. The process of memory is made up of three operations. The first being Encoding, this is the conversion of information into a form which enables it to be retained in memory (Coon & Mitterer, 2012). The second operation is called Storage, this is the keeping of information until it is later needed. The third and final operation is known as Retrieval, and this is the recovering of information from Storage (Hoeksema, Fredrickson, Loftus & Wagenaar, 2009). These formerly mentioned operations each represent a stage in the process of memory (Sternberg & Sternberg, 2012).
Martin, K. (2010) Brain Boost: sport and physical activity enhance children’s learning. Retrieved from http://www.dsr.wa.gov.au//assets/files/Research/Brain%20boost_emailer.pdf
area of focus and remembering (Asp 2). Not all exercise affects the brain in the same way. Studies have been done that link certain exercises to increase brain activity. An example of this is high intensity training is linked to great immediate mental performance (Asp 3). Slow aerobic exercise is linked to retaining information over time (Asp 4).
Learning and memory are two topics that have held the attention of researchers for centuries. This is most likely due to the fact that they are integral to our survival, yet are unconscious processes that we take for granted every day.
In this research article relating to cognitive training, it provides solid evidence reassuring the effects of cognitive training on the brain. Cognitive loss is believed to decrease with the aging process. Plasticity is also believed to decrease as one ages. According to the research, both thinking exercises as well as physical training improves the neural pathway connections. Specifically spatial training improved significantly over perceptual training.
There is strong evidence to suggest that decreased BDNF is associated with hippocampal dysfunction, memory impairment, and increased risk for depression. In mice who voluntarily engaged in wheel running, researchers noticed how the neutrophic upregulation occurred the earliest in the hippocampus, which is a crucial area for repair (Cotman & Cesar, 202). Aerobic exercise also has been shown to increase BDNF and, therefore, reduce the risk for learning and memory deterioration as well as the risk for depression (Erickson et al., 2012). Furthermore, the increase in BDNF levels as a result of exercise was not short-term, but rather long term in that it can stay elevated after 6 continued weeks of voluntary exercise (Cotman & Cesar, 2002). Lastly, it has been suggested that the increases in BDNF are dependent on exercise intensity. An experiment conducted by Vega and colleagues, noted dramatic increases in serum BDNF during a cycling test to exhaustion, but the same dramatic increase was not seen with moderate aerobic exercises lasting over ten minutes (Vega et al., 2006). This may be related to the differences in anaerobic and aerobic exercises, which suggests that exercise training plans should be designed with this in mind. We have seen that exercise has the ability to enhance brain
So what really is memory? Memory can be described as the area that the mind stores and remembers information. Memory is such an interesting topic, because there is so much that we do not know about our memories. Such as why we forget memories? And what classifies something as a memory? But then again memory could be taken
Memory is very important in everyone’s lives. Without the previous memory, or memory of the past, probably most of people can’t even think about what the future has in store. People wouldn’t be able to remember what they did yesterday, today, or tomorrow. Without it, people can’t learn new things, or anything at all. Learning would be futile and void without memory.
Physical activity helps boost cognitive abilities in children. Recess generally involves a lot of running, playing, and games involving exercise. In fact, recent research has found a direct correlation between intelligence and physical fitness, especially in children under 16 years old and elderly persons (Pica 64). In a study conducted by F. L. Martens, academic scores, attitudes, and fitness were improved when a third of the school day was dedicated to recess. Another study study found that at least five hours of physical activity resulted in substantially higher academic achievement in the core subjects (Pica 63).
Brisswalter, J., Collardeau, M., & Rene, A. (2002). Effects of acute physical exercise characteristics on cognitive performance. Sports Medicine, 32(9), 555-566.
Exercise can act as a very efficient way to help prevent age-related diseases. Bradley says that many recent studies focusing on the correlation between physical activity and mental health, clinical evidence have shown that exercise can have a positive effect on the outcome of treating mental illness, such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and Parkinson’s disease (Bradley). Physical Therapy improves the patient's’ quality of life and lessens the pain of the disease itself. “Some authors state that the influence of exercise on brain functioning might be related to the human evolutionary process, since physical activity is associated with survival. It has been suggested that individuals who exercise might show a biological advantage over sedentary individuals”(Bradley). So considering that exercise is very much related to improving the mental health of the elderly, we should consider adding physical therapy into the everyday life schedule of residents in nursing homes, where they will have the one-on-one contact and encouragement they
Memory is a powerful tool required for one to grow as an individual and gain knowledge. Memory is defined as “the power or process of reproducing or recalling what has been learned and retained especially through associative mechanisms” (Webster). One’s memory can be compared to a computer 's information processing system. When we need to remember an event, we gather the information into our brain, which is known as encoding, and then we store the information and are be able to retrieve it. There are many ways for one to improve their memory. Mnemonic device is a popular memory recall skill. “Mnemonics are memory devices that help learners recall larger pieces of information, especially in the form of lists like characteristics, steps, stages,
Learning to tie shoes and ride a bike requires the encoding, storing, and retrieving of past observations of the procedure. With a lot of practice, children master these skills so well that they are able to remember them the rest of their lives. Memory is the storing of information over time. It is one of the most important concepts in learning; if things are not remembered, no learning can take place. As a process, memory refers to the "dynamic mechanism associated with the retention and retrieval of information about past experiences" (Sternberg 260). We use our memory about the past to help us understand the present. The study or memory in psychology is used in different ways, as well as there are many different ways to study how memory works in humans. In psychology there are many tasks used to measure memory, and different types of memory storages that human's use, such as sensory storing, or short term storing. There are also a lot of techniques that humans use to improve their memory, which they can use to learn, such as mnemonic devices. All these things can be classified as important issues in the study of human memory and ways of learning.
Working out can help with one’s studies. There are different chemicals that are given off to your brain while you work out. Endorphins and Serotonin chemicals get released into the brain. These two chemicals that flood the brain improve self-esteem, enhanced mood, provide better memory and provide mental functioning, and a decrease of stress. Therefore, exercise helps in school and everything throughout the