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China - US relationship
Evolution of communism
China's occupation of Tibet
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Tibet, the roof of the world, is lying between Central, East and South Asia. Tibet is a peaceful country, which has never caused any threat to any other nation even though Tibet had been conquered many times before the Chinese invasion. Religion takes a huge place in Tibetans life. Tibet is considered as a strictly religious country due to their strict Buddhism practice. Indeed, some statistics say that almost 1 out of 6 Tibetan men is a Buddhist monk. Tibetan Buddhism is a religion in exile, forced from its homeland when Tibet was conquered by the Chinese. The best known face of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism is the Dalai Lama, who has lived in exile in India since he escaped Chinese occupation at 1959. Tibet, besides being important as one of the most important spots for Buddhism, it is also one of the most controversial countries in the world as Tibetan been living in Diaspora since 1950.
The conflict between China and Tibet isn’t political at all. Indeed, it was never political. The dispute between China and Tibet is mainly an ideological dispute. The Chinese government started to eliminate everything religious around them since the revolution of 1911. The Chinese revolution was based on communism. Two important parts in communism are separating the state from religion and expanding the states. Frankly Chinese did both parts; first they started the culture revolution along with lots of trials to conquer their neighbors.
In 1906, the British (which used to rule Tibet until 1911) and Chinese signed a peace treaty that gave Tibet to the Chinese after the fall of the Qing dynasty; however, five years later, the Tibetans expelled the Chinese and declared their independence, which lasted until 1950 when Mao...
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...atter, to scatter as a victim of militant occupation, or to scatter to get a better life. Since the Chinese invasion of Tibet, Tibetans’ Infrastructure has been improving; besides, Tibetans get the right to protest and march and they don’t face any extreme violence from, the Chinese government.
It is completely difficult to reach an agreement in the near future that ends Tibetans-Chinese dispute. It’s even impossible to judge the case based on some historical events that even Historians can’t fully agree on. The only two facts are that Tibetans economical life is so much better after the invasion and the Tibetans religious life is completely chained by the Chinese government. The one and only possible solution for this dispute is an absolute religious freedom to the Tibetans under the Chinese supervision; else, both sides will keep fight to what it seems forever.
It states that “Tibet declared itself an independent republic in 1912.Although its status did not receive widespread recognition, Tibet functioned as an independent government until China sent troops to Tibet in 1950” (BBC News). The Tibetans feel as though their freedom is being retained and they are being dictated by China, which they did not approve of. China claims that Tibet is better with them leading them and insists that Tibet is there’s. The tension between them still exists today and is clearly shown in both books, by Xinran and Ma Jian. The concept of Sky Burial is inspired by a true story.
From 100 CE to 600 CE the Chinese had many cultural and political life changes and continuities. A political change was in the end of the Classical Chinese period when the Han Dynasty fell. A cultural change during 100 CE to 600 CE was the paper invention that led to passing down cultural rituals. Not only were there changes but there was also continuities in the Chinese political and cultural life. An example of a cultural continuity is the increasing power of Buddhism. A political continuity is the ruler of the Chinese wanting the people to be protected with for instance The Great Wall of China.
The Dalai Lama expresses the importance of publicity that has first been generated by the Tibetan Freedom Concert. Not only did it create awareness for the Chinese as the Dalai Lama suggested; it also created awareness around the world, especially in North America. Ask any North American teenager,"What they feel towards the idea of Tibetan oppression from the Chinese?", just ask him "Where Tibet is?" three years ago and he would probably look confused and answer by asking "Would you like fries with that?".<THIS MADE VERY LITTLE SENSE.> Ask that same teenager now, and he would likely give an educated response. The Tibetan Freedom Concert is just an example of how powerful modern media is if it can be used properly.
For many outsiders, it might be easy to assume that all Chinese value communism, or that communism is the only thing to define Chinese politics by. However, when we watched “Born Under the Red Flag”, we could see that the Chinese views on communism are less black and white, and a little more complicated than one might think. Communism has played a big role as the main political system of China throughout its history, but not all Chinese have liked communism, just as not all have been against it. In the documentary “Born Under the Red Flag”, we can really see the reception of Communism in China, and how many have been split between those who oppose it and those who fight for it. During the rule of Chairman Mao Zedong, many of the youth became part of the infamous Red Guards, who used very violent and aggressive means to impose the teachings of Mao Zedong and communism on any person who was against it. These youth were so dedicated to Chairman Mao that they would go very far in enforcing his rule. Years later great numbers of youth in China were taking a different stance on communism, and marched in Tiananmen Square during the protests of 1989, wanting democracy instead of communism. Unfortunately this became a massacre, as the government would not give into the demands of the youth. Communism is certainly something one can come to associate China with, but even with that it can be hard to make assumptions that apply to all. To think that communism was a horrible oppressive system that did nothing but hurt the Chinese people is not completely accurate, as many loved the teachings of Communism and thought highly of Mao Zedong. But it is also not accurate to say that all Chinese people embraced communism, as it is clear that many opposed it. So the true thoughts of the Chinese on Communism, largely could depend on which Chinese person you ask, as many throughout the years
Mao believed that “Force is the midwife of every old society pregnant with a new one.” (reading packet, 12) What this means is that force is absolutely necessary and the outcome of force is violence. Mao is in total agreement with the violence and sees the people opposing the movements he is favoring as “paper tigers”. As in, at first, these rebels might seem terrifying, but in reality, they are helpless and harmless.
Tibet was ecologically stable before the communist Chinese invasion in 1950. The vegetation was sparse, but the land supported a diverse wildlife and famine was unknown. Because Tibetans followed the Buddhist principle that forbids them to disturb the earth, they exploited few resources. This fragile ecology was irreversibly destroyed as a result of the Chinese incursion, as they deforested parts of the plateau to build hydroelectric plants, for example.
A precise definition of genocide was instituted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948. It states that genocide occurs when, “one group kills members of another group, causes serious bodily or mental harm, inflicts conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction, prevents births within the group, and forcibly transfers children of the group to another group” (Destexhe, 1). Using this definition as a guideline, it is clear that China has not only committed genocide against Tibet in the past, but is continually doing so in contemporary society.
Tung, R. J. (1980). A portrait of lost Tibet. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Walder, Andrew G. The Beijing Red Guard Movement: Fractured Rebellion. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.
Tibet has been historically independent but, in 1950 it was a race between communism and democracy. After 1950 the Peoples republic of China were and still are trying to exercise control of Tibet. The conflict of Tibetan Independence occurred due to the fact that in 1950, the People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China entered Tibet; after taking over the rest of China from The Peoples Republic of China during the five years of civil war. The Chinese claimed most of the population of Tibet, which at the time were
It has happened to most native peoples, they’re pushed out of their homelands by a big, foreign power. Peoples’ rights get violated, and they are treated as second class citizens. Native Americans, Africans, Siberians, Indians, it has happened to all of them. In Asia, a new superpower has risen up, communist China, and has gained a massive amount of influence, using the largest military in the world. The native peoples in the western borderlands have suffered the greatest, and most people have heard about the struggle of Tibet. Most of us, however, have not heard of another, more violent crackdown, on the Uyghur people. This paper will take you through all the inner workings of the conflict, from the background, to the reasons, to the violence.
Settled in the end of the fifth century, two groups established themselves in what is now present day Cambodia. The Champa controlled the central and southern part of Vietnam and the Funan is the southernmost part Vietnam and present-day Cambodia. Influences from both China and India were obvious as dance and music spread throughout the area. Ruling on its own till 1864 when the French absorbed it into French Indochina Along with Laos and Vietnam. For nearly a century, the French exploited Cambodia commercially, and demanded power over politics, economics, and social life. It was not until a leader Norodom Sihanouk proclaimed Cambodia's independence in 1949 which was later granted in 1953. Cambodia fell into chaos during the 1970’s as General Lon Nol and his connections to the Khmer Rouge brought Cambodia into a genocidal age. For a decade Cambodia was surrounded by despair and carnage until the reign of the Khmer Rouge ended in 1979. Slowly rebuilding of the nation began as outside countries and organization such as the United Nation helped to get Cambodia back on its feet. Plans were made for general elections by 1993 which lead to the constitutional monarchy that the country has today. With its cyclical and oppressive history, Cambodia future is optimistic with the economy growing rapidly due to industries such as tourism, textiles, oil and the traditional farming. Slowly the nation reaches to find its place among the other powerhouses in Southeast Asia and around the world.
(27) Canada Tibet Committee. “World Tibet Network News.” 1 Jan 2003. www.tibet.ca/wtnarchive/2003/1/1_3.html (6 March 2003).
Bhutan is a small country located in the Himalayas. It does have a richly scenic land though. There are broad, grassy valleys; forested mountain ranges, and heavily wooded jungle areas. There are three geographic regions in which the country is divided. Northern Bhutan lies in the Great Himalayas where the mountains reach as high as 24,000 ft. and the weather is cold. Central Bhutan is in the middle of the Himalayan region where there are several fertile valleys. The Duars plain, along the southern border of Bhutan is a hot, humid, and rainy area. This jungle region is filled with malaria infested swamps. (Karan, 224)