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Effect of climate change in agriculture essay
Climate change impacts on agriculture
Effect of climate change in agriculture essay
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Raising Cattle across America
Cattle are being produced all across the United States. From Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and from California to the Atlantic Ocean there are several thousand head of cattle being raised. However these cattle are all being raised the some way or under the same conditions. Ranchers in the north have to deal with snow and ice while the southern ranchers are dealing with mud, water, and, mosquitoes. The people raising cattle in the Midwest are faced with droughts and having to keep their crops and cattle watered.
Raising cattle in the northern part of the United States is more than just raising cattle and being cold while you do it. Keeping your cattle with fresh water, feed, and, hay is sometimes a task anywhere in the country much less when you have to deal with temperatures that are twenty degrees below zero. When it is this cold outside your cattle do not have fresh water until you go and break the five to ten inches of ice on top of their water trough. Feeding your herd also creates problems. When you get the hay for your herd to make it through the winter it can not be just any hay. You have to send your hay to a laboratory to get it tested. By having your hay tested this tells you if your hay has enough protein for your cattle to make it through the harsh winters. “We’ve had cattle starve to death with full bellies” says Paul Walker, extension livestock agent of Alamance County, North Carolina. “They received plenty of hay but it was not enough to meet their nutritional needs.” The hay you feed needs to be at least nine to fourteen percent protein. The higher the protein the better the hay is and the better the hay you feed the better your cows will be.
Just below the extreme northern part of the country is where droughts are a
Makousky, David Tangley, Laura Loeb, Penny Holstein, William J. Thorton, Jeannye, "Hay feed might stop infections from meat." U.S. News & World Report 125.11(1998): middlesearchplus. EBSCO.web.27.Oct.2011
Joel Salatin is a 57 year old farmer who has been farming full time since 1982 on his farm “Polyface” which is located in Swoope, VA, where he is somewhat of a local legend in farming. “The farm services more than 5,000 families, 10 retail outlets, and 50 restaurants through on-farm sales and metropolitan buying clubs with salad bar beef, pastured poultry, eggmobile eggs, pigaerator pork, forage-based rabbits, pastured turkey and forestry products using relationship marketing” (Salatin, Polyface.com). Mr. Salatin utilizes a unique method of farming, a fact which makes him so profoundly interesting. The style in which he farms his land is termed “mob grazing”. Mob grazing is the process in which different animals are rotated at different times throughout the farms’ fields. He is an advocate not just for the human well being but for the world’s ecological sustainability and the continuance of growth.
Winter finishing of steers is a common practice for many years in Ireland and indeed around the world. There are many advantages and disadvantages to this type of finishing system which will be discussed in this report. The most common method of finishing steers over the winter period is housing cattle for 80-120 days where they are fed grass silage and concentrates to an ad-lid stage until fit for slaughter. This is determined by visually condition scoring and fat scoring steers as well as the weight for age ratio. In this report, topics to be discussed are: the breeds and variations between said breeds for the winter finishing of steers, the three main types of wintering accommodation for the finishing of steers, the cost of winter finishing steers, and the advantages and disadvantages of this system. Winter feeding of finishing cattle is the most expensive and presents the biggest challenge of all the systems of cattle production.
Kellems, Richard O., and D. C. Church. Livestock Feeds and Feeding. 6th ed. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2010. Print.
... horses with EMS found that feeding grass hay that was restricted to 1.25% of the animals’ body weights in combination with soaking the feed in cold water and feeding a vitamin and mineral regimen managed to improve the condition of the effected horses. In a period of six weeks, these animals lost an average %BM of about 7% as well as improving in the circumference of their belly and body condition score. Also, the horses showed higher insulin sensitivity by the end of the study.
Speed, in a word, or, in the industry’s preferred term, “efficiency.” Cows raised on grass simply take longer to reach slaughter weight than cows raised on a richer diet, and for a half a century now the industry has devoted itself to shortening a beef animal’s allotted span on earth… what gets a steer from 80 to 1,100 pounds in fourteen months is tremendous quantities of corn, protein and fat supplements, and an arsenal of new drugs. (71)
with row crops or with livestock. We need to understand the industry, and in doing so, we will
Holsteins are a versatile breed of cattle. They are adaptable to all types of different utilizations. This breed can thrive in both barn and pasture life or a mixture of both throughout the year. With such versatility, Holsteins are resistant to stress and produce strong and hearty calves that have a rapid growth and an early maturity rate. Although Holsteins are resistant to stress, they do show intolerance to heat and disease. The consequence of such intolerance is a reduction in milk productivity (1).
The seemingly simple term “rancher” is commonly misinterpreted. The term rancher may bring to mind a guy riding a bucking bull or horse in a western movie or maybe a tough looking guy without much brains raising cattle on the prairie. Other people think of a farmer. Actual ranchers specifically raise cattle, while farmers raise crops, hogs, and poultry. Modern ranchers are hardworking men and women who live off the land raising cattle for consumers. Despite popular beliefs, it takes a lot of knowledge to raise cattle. American ranchers use business and technology skills to raise cattle. Even with these skills, they are still at the mercy of Mother Nature and gamble with her every year.
Cows are naturally very gentle and calm creatures. These smart and sweet natured animals have been known to go to great lengths to escape slaughterhouses. More than forty-one million of these sensitive animals suffer and die a painful death each year in the United States. When cows are still very young they are burned with hot irons, there testicles are torn or cut off, all without painkillers. Most beef cattle are born in one state, live in another, and are slaughtered in another. The cows who survive the gruesome transportation process are shot in the head with a bolt gun, hung upside down by there legs, and taken onto the killing floor where there throats
Dairy cattle are cattle that are bred for milk production purposes instead of meat and then used for dairy production. Most of Bos taurus or temperate dairy cattle are known as the popular breeds for dairy, such as Friesian-Holstein which rank the first among the dairy breeds. In Malaysia, the imported temperate dairy cattle reared in Malaysia can cause many problems such as can cause heat stress to the cattle since Malaysia is a hot and humid country, unlike the temperate countries.
Domesticated Cattle belong to the family Bovidae and sub family Bovinae, which appeared in the Miocene approximately 20 million years ago. There are more than 800 different cattle breeds recognized worldwide. Cattle are considered the most important and significant domesticated economic animal (Loftus et al. 1994). In addition to milk, cattle contribute other important commodities including meat, hides, traction and dung. The taurine and zebu cattle were probably domesticated and kept around for easy access to food, including meat, milk & their products and for their use as load-bearers and plows. The many archaeological records for domestication of wild forms of cattle (Bos primigenius) indicated that the process
Davao City slaughterhouse is located at Ma-a, Davao City. The operations are limited to the night shift. The delivery of animals will start at 1:00 to 4:30 in the afternoon. The whole morning will be utilized for cleaning the area. The 2nd shift will start at 9:00 in the evening up to 5:30 in the morning.
“Disease raises concerns about animal farms in Iowa.” Thegazette.com. Gazette, 21 Sept. 2012. Web. 21 Nov. 2013.
Milk production, milk fat, protein content and the progression of breeding are also affected, especially in dairy cows. When heat stress occurs, dairy cows tend to reduce the intake of dry matter in order to control their heat production from increasing through the process of metabolism and digestion (Donnelly, 2012).... ... middle of paper ... ... Retrieved from: http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/dairy/facilities/economic-impacts-of-heat-stress IFAD.