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Eating Disorders are psychological disorders that result from a drive to be thin. They are broken down into three categories, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Anorexia nervosa is diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R in individuals with body weight that is significantly lower than the norm, extremely concerned with weight and shape, distorted self-image, and an absence of three consecutive menstrual periods, in women. Bulimia Nervosa is diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R in individuals who have recurrent binge eating episodes, have weight and shape concerns, have a lack of control over such behavior, and have compensatory behaviors (e.g., vomiting, fasting, misuse of laxatives, or excessive exercise). Binge eating disorder has much of the same criteria as Bulimia Nervosa with the exception of the compensatory behaviors. This study has several goals. First, the authors compare men with eating disorders to women with eating disorders, specifically to find clinical similarities. Because eating disorders are considered rare in men, the authors set out to investigate the differences between the two sexes. Second, the authors wanted to find differences in men with eating disorders and normal men. The authors also set out to find a representative sample that would provide the greatest validity. Concentrating on men with eating disorders, the authors also were looking for a correlation between eating disorders and other psychological disorders, such as affective disorder, anti-social personality disorder, and substance abuse. On the subject of sexual orientation, the authors explain, "...although an obvious area of investigation, (sexual orientation) was deemed too sensitive a topic for a government-sponsored survey and unfortunately was not assessed". METHOD Subjects Sixty-two men meeting the DSM-III-R criteria of an eating disorder, 212 women with equivalent eating disorders, and a control group of 3,769 men who had no presence of an eating disorder. Measures Community survey. Random houses were selected in Ontario. From each household an individual aged fifteen years and older was chosen at random and then administered the Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey. The individual was then asked to submit written informed consent prior to the interview. A sample size of 9, 953 individuals was obtained by these means. Subject reduction. Using the University of Michigan's version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the subjects were narrowed down. During this process, individuals were interviewed for one to two hours by trained interviewers. The subjects were assessed for anxiety disorders, substance use and or abuse, affective disorders, anti-social personality disorder, and of course eating disorders.
This book provides information on what these conditions are, what causes them, how people live with them, and the latest about treatment and prevention. The book focuses on eating disorders as a whole rather than just individual types of disorders. The source is not up to date at it was published six years ago and the statistics have changed and there is now more knowledge on eating disorders such as using neuroimaging to find what triggers eating disorders. The sources cited within the print is based off of other published prints. This print only gives the broad idea and main concept about eating disorders, it does not go into great detail so it was not very useful as a research source. This source is intended for those who is learning about eating disorders for the first time. It also includes a variety of graphs and charts to display different statistics which is designed to be productive and visually entertaining. Lorraine does cover the topic well as it allows the reader to easily find a variety of information on eating disorders that gives very clear and concise explanations with scientific
The female gender is more often linked, as being at risk for eating disorders and this statistic does not change demographically within the aging population with occurrences and/or reoccurrence of eating disorders. Females represent about 90% of eating disorder diagnosis (Patrick, & Stahl, 2009). The percentage of men, including a new sub-category on the brink of being studied, homosexuals who suffer eatin...
Eating disorders are characterized by gross disturbances in eating behavior and include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorders not otherwise specified(NOS), and binge eating disorder. Also, several researchers have coined the term anorexia athletics.
In addition, 1% of boys and young men suffer from eating disorders, and their cases are becoming more common ("The Secret Language of Eating Disorders," 1). Also, it is a disorder that crosses racial and economical lines, those who succumb to compulsive starving or binge eating are males (Lang, 1). This shows that today’s society has also affected men’s stereo-typical view of their appearance and weight. Thus, eating disorders not only affect women, they also affect men, in which we are seeing more cases of every day.Second, victims of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia have many warning signs which help people notice the signs of these eating disorders. For instance, anorexia nervosa has the following symptoms: significant weight loss, excessive dieting and exercising, and constipation ("Anorexia Nervosa", 2). Also, bulimia nervosa has the following symptoms: makes excuses to go to the bathroom after meals, and eats large amounts of food on the spur of the moment ("Bulimia Nervosa", 2).
Eating disorders are a nondiscriminatory disease that takes the lives of millions of people each year. As of 2014, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) changed the criteria for eating disorders and included binge eating disorder as its own category instead of group it as an eating disorder not otherwise specified. The three main eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder and without intervention and proper treatment, individuals suffering from an eating disorder are faced with years of struggling, which may end in death.
For quite some time, there was a great deal of debate within the medical community as to whether or not men develop eating disorders for the same reasons that women do ((2)). Since very few men are willing to participate in treatment and study programs for people suffering from eating disorders, there was little way of knowing what psychological factors triggered disordered eating in males. A study published in the April 2001 issue of an APA journal, which looked at men with eating disorders and compared them to women with eating disorders and men without eating disorders, found that "men are generally very similar to women in terms of co...
The Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q; Fairburn & Belgin, 1994) is a 36 item, self-report measure of the core cognitive and behavioural features of eating disorders. It can be used in the diagnosis of Anorexia, Bulimia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (Allen, Byrne, Lampard, Watson, & Fursland, 2011). It can also be used to measure change in symptoms over the course of treatment. It is a parallel form of the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE; Fairburn & Cooper, 1993), a widely used semi-structured interview of eating disorder psychopathology, providing a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to the interview.
The reported figures pertaining to males and eating disorders, as significant as they are, are said to be less than accurate. Male body discontent is unlikely to be reported due to it being perceived as a female concern. If the mass media views body imaging as a female concern, then a male admitting an eating disorder must find it really harmful to his masculinity. Awareness campaigns working to combat eating disorders have had a distinct female bias. Though now of equal importance, is the promotion of understanding that such issues are just as relevant to males. There is bias because the majority of people who seek treatment for eating disorders are in fact female. The thing that is really concerning is that even though there is a smaller percentage of men with eating disorders, the prognosis is not as promising for men as it is for
Almost 50% of people with eating disorders meet the criteria for depression.Only 1 in 10 men and women with eating disorders receive treatment. Only 35% of people that receive treatment for eating disorders get treatment at a specialized facility for eating disorders. Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder (anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder) in the U.S. Along with all these appalling statistics, eating disorders have the highest mortality of any mental disorder(1). There are multiple causes of eating disorders leading to horrific consequences, but various treatment plans await those victims seeking to get help.
In modern culture, women and men are becoming less satisfied with their body shape. According to a report that was done by the Federal Trade Commission, seventy percent of Americans are either trying not to maintain their weight or are trying to lose weight (Kittleson 75). To compensate for being over weight, an individual will develop an eating disorder. According to Mark Kittleson, eating disorders are when an individual eats way too much or way too little (1). There are three different types of eating disorders, anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating. According to Jessica Bennett, twenty-five million people in the United States suffer from binge eating disorder and ten million women and one million men suffer from either anorexia or bulimia. Studies have proven that bulimia, anorexia, and binge eating are set off by social, psychological, relationship or genetic factors; social factors, however, have the greatest impact on men and women.
In today’s society eating disorders have become very common. It has also become a serious health problem that is vastly growing and becoming a larger problem. Eating disorders may be the result of biological, sociological, psychological, and interpersonal factors. These terrible eating habits may be developed from preoccupations with food and weight, but in some cases it is more severe than this. In some cases eating disorders is a form of compensating for wanted feelings and emotions including acceptance. Unfortunately, these behaviors will cause personal damages to their physical and emotional health including their self-esteem.
In fact, physicians and mental health personnel are beginning to understand that depression and anxiety disorders may be indicators of those at risk to developing an eating disorder. It is possible that eating disorders along with depression and anxiety go together as all can be linked due to the same negative feelings and low self-esteem. Many clinicians believe doing thorough research on the risk factors for eating disorders, focusing on studies done prior to the onset of the disorder will assist in intervention efforts (Striegel-Moore, Bulik, 2007). S. Bryn Austin, ScD, Najat J. Ziyadeh, MPH, Sara Forman, MD, Lisa A. Prokop, BA, Anne Keliher, MMHS and Douglas Jacobs, MD state, “In June 2007, the US Senate directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to intensify efforts to investigate the problem of eating disorders and their health implications for the US population” (2008). Doing a screening for eating disorders in high...
There is an armory full of issues when it comes to eating. There are three main disorders, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge-eating disorder. Anorexia happens when the victim becomes obsessive about their self-image and weight. Constant weighing and exercise occurs as well as eating in small
Eating disorders are a serious health problem. Personal Counseling & Resources says that eating disorders "are characterized by a focus on body shape, weight, fat, food, and perfectionism and by feelings of powerlessness and low self-esteem." Three of the most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating or compulsive eating disorder. According to Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, a person with anorexia "refuses to maintain normal body weight for age and height" and "weighs 85 percent or less than what is what is expected for age and height." A person diagnosed with bulimia has several ways of getting rid of the calories such as binge eating, vomiting, laxative misuse, exercising, or fasting. The person might have a normal weight for their age and height unless anorexia is present. The signs of a compulsive eater include eating meals frequently, rapidly, and secretly. This person might also snack and nibble all day long. The compulsive eater tends to have a history of diet failures and may be depressed or obese (Anred.com).
Anorexia nervosa is a disorder in which a person's body image is distorted into which they feel comfortable. Binge eating disorder is caused by one eating an excessive amount of food to where it is unhealthy and out of there control. Bulimia nervosa is a disorder in which you vomit to the point where it is unhealthy. These three eating disorders are the most common in Americans lives today. Unfortunately the problem is only growing. These disorders are often left untreated and many people with the disease are in denial. Eating disorders that are left untreated can be fatal. It is important to seek help if you experience the symptoms of one of these diseases as they can be very unhealthy and affect overall quality of