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Recommended: Effects of Disasters
Review of Literature
I. Introduction- History of Mega Disasters
Mega disasters, by definition are unexpected natural or man-made catastrophes of exceptional magnitude and/or causing unusually severe or unprecedented damage Ever since the beginning of time, mega disasters have shaped the planet. Even during the period of dinosaurs, mega disasters have caused our world to evolve. Mega disasters may even have contributed to the evolution of our species. Even though our existence may be the cause of them happening, not all have been beneficial. Throughout the course of history, there have been some really tragic disasters that have claimed the lives of millions of people and destroyed our economy. To mention a few in recent times, Hurricane Katrina, Mount St. Helens, The Haiti Earthquake, The Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill, The 1993 Superstorm, etc. Not all mega disasters have caused death and destruction, but over time most have. Most causes for these disasters have been the combination of weather, climate, chemicals, and nature. For example, earthquakes are the cause of Earth's tectonic plates moving (not all of them are but most). Earthquakes cause the ground to shake and buildings to collapse.
As said in the beginning of the introduction, they can also be man-made. Oil spills are man-made disasters. They pollute the environment or marine area, and kill the animals. These disasters are easier to clean up, but they can still take a while. In this report, different types of mega disasters will be mentioned and explained in great detail. The focus of this is to investigate and predict which one is most likely to occur, and end the world. As said, mega disasters may have contributed to our existence and the creation of our world. Howev...
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...ntries ( http://www.jucelinoluz.com/2013/08/08/mega-tsunami-caused-by-volcano-in-canary-islands/). According to Jucelino, “deaths of people and destruction of property will be immense.”
In 1950, Cumbre Vieja on the island of La Palma started to attract attention. Its western side collapsed and sank four meters below the ocean a year earlier (1949) Experts believe that boards of land are still slipping slowly into the sea . And that the next eruption, should make all the west side of the mountain collapse. Between the 1st to the 25th of November 2013, with a delay of up to five years maximum; this should occur. These types of disasters are rare, but similar disasters do occur every 12 to 13 thousand years. And who knows La Palma could collapse much earlier, depending on the conditions. However, when this does occur, lets all pray that we will be ready for it.
In addition, one horrific situation is natural disasters. Natural disasters have been hurting and even killing people. In Shankar Vedantam story “Key to Disaster Survival,” she talks about disasters that happen all over and she lectures about how natural disaster have stirred up killing people. Also, these people can’t control these events that happen. Natural disasters occur from shifting of tectonic plates an weather, us humans can't manage that to not happen. Another story about a natural disaster is in Jim Y. Kim's Story the “Seven Steps to Surviving a Disaster” in this passage Jim states, “Typhoon Haiyan, which killed more than 6,000 people in the Philippines last fall, reminded us how much suffering and damage nature can cause, and how important it is to invest in resilience and be ready to respond”(para 1.). That typhoon caused harmful effects to the people living there, also it left a lot of people miserable
Out of all the natural disasters that we talk about in class, the most deadly would have to be a Tsunami. Compared to earthquakes, Tsunamis have cause more deaths since 1945. A Tsunami is likely to strike anywhere on the west coast, including Santa Cruz in California – United States – North America – 36:58:24N 122:02:09W. A Tsunami is a giant “wave” of water that is caused by a sudden shift in the sea floor. The wave is a result of the water attempting to regain its equilibrium, which is driven by gravity. The size of the wave is determined by how much the sea floor is moved vertically, and how quickly it shifts. A greater water depth helps as well. They can travel up to five hundred miles an hour and have wave heights of one hundred feet. Earthquakes are the leading cause of Tsunamis. People who live in California are well aware of earthquakes that are frequently caused by the San Andreas Fault. However, not many are aware of the results of earthquakes that occur out in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis have also been referred to in the past as seismic sea waves, but Earthquakes aren’t the only cause of this phenomenon. Landslides, nuclear explosions, volcanic eruptions, and extra terrestrial impacts also have great water displacement results.
Due to the change in climate, natural disasters take place taking away lives of the people. For example, The Nepal earthquake which took place on 25th April, 2015 which killed over 8000 people and injured more than 21000 people.
The continuity of reform and resistance to established norms before, during, and after the First World War -- displayed through the manifestation of the New Woman -- coincides with the publication of Wharton’s 1905 The House of Mirth, 1917 Summer, and 1920 The Age of Innocence. As a descendant of an aristocratic New York family, Wharton herself belonged to the exclusive faction of society that perpetrated the elitism and wealth disparity of the late 1800s Gilded Age. In the subsequent turn of the twentieth century, Wharton’s authorship aligned with a drastically evolved America whose primary concern surrounded questioning the essence of elite society and the restrictions forced on individuals through traditional expectations. Wharton’s novels
Volcanoes can be one of the most destructive forces on Earth. It is estimated that some
Mt. Ontake's eruption was the worst disaster in 90 years. Ash covered towns, houses, people being buried alive, and knocked out by flying rocks. Causing an estimated 2 million dollars of damage. As if that was not enough, there were earthquakes with a 2-3 on the Richter scale, causing more damage. Killing more people and causing buildings to crumple, as if, made of straw.
While the early warning saved thousands of people, the Japan’s Meteorological Agency underestimated this earthquake as the subduction zone of Japan should not produce the magnitude 9.0 quake (Oskin, 2013a). The Tohoku Earthquake and its tsunami approximately killed 16 thousand people, injured 6 thousand people and around 3 thousand people were missing. Most people died from drowning. Around 300 thousand buildings, 4000 roads, 78 bridges, and many more were affected by the earthquake, tsunami, and fires from leaking oils and gas. Electricity, telecommunication, and railways were severely damaged. The debris of 25 million tons was generated and carried out to the sea by water (BBC News, 2012). The country’s authorities estimated more than 309 billion US dollars of damages. Landslides occurred in Miyagi and liquefaction in Chiba, Tokyo, Odaiba, and Urayasu (USGS, 2013). Furthermore, the tsunami destroyed protective tsunami seawalls. Approximately 217 square miles of Japan covered in water (Oskin,
Tsunamis are one of the most dangerous natural disasters known to mankind that cause devastating effects on society. Despite the fact that tsunamis are not frequent phenomena, it causes huge causalities once it occurs. The number of deaths could reach 420 thousand a year, accompanied by the destruction of many costal residences. But despite the fact that tsunami damages are inevitable, it can be reduced.
The Japan disaster was devastating, and it had an abundance of causes and effects. The nuclear disaster, the tsunami, and the earthquake were the causes of the disaster in Japan. In addition, the disaster had countless effects on the land and people in Japan. The disaster in Japan was as devastating and tragic as 9/11. Both events took a great number of lives and left their country shocked, but prepared them for anything similar that might happen in the future. Knowing the causes and effects of Japan’s disaster can prepare other people and countries around the world for a comparable disaster.
Natural Disasters can occur anywhere at anytime. Some are more predictable than others, but they all bring hardship to everyone’s life. Examples of natural disasters are Earthquakes (Haiti 2010), Tornadoes, Tsunami, Hurricanes, Wild Fires, Winter Storms, Heat waves, Mudslides and Floods. Regardless of what kind of disaster occurs, bottom line, everyone needs to be prepared mentally and physically to deal with the aftermath. Education is the first step to prepare you to deal with any major disaster. Three of the major disasters that can potentially disrupt normal day to day operations in our lives, are Hurricanes, Tsunamis and Tornadoes.
There are different types and causes of disasters: man-made, natural and a combination. Man-made disasters are caused by human error or human actions that cause harm to the environment, and people (Baack & Alfred, 2013). Natural disasters are caused by nature, a hurricane for example, and a combination of NA-TECH (natural-technological). Examples are earthquakes that cause structural damage such as a collapse of a bridge (Nies & McEwen, 2011). Communities must have effective emergency preparedness in place to reduce the casualties of a disaster.
The English writer John Ruskin once said “Sunshine is delicious, rain is refreshing, wind braces us up, snow is exhilarating; there is really no such thing as bad weather, only different kinds of good weather,” (John Ruskin Quotes - Page 4) but I’m sure there are many who disagree with him. Nature’s beauty is a gift from God, but occasionally nature is not so aesthetically pleasing. Natural disasters occur often around the world destroying the lives of many on a regular basis. An example could be the recent flood victims of Australia or even last year’s earthquake in Haiti. There are several types of natural disasters¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬- from earthquakes to hurricanes and floods; they often strike without warning and leave a path of destruction and despair in their path.
...is event ‘ just a coincidence because several small earthquakes happened before the big one’ ( Zhang, 2008), but it proved that if we can predict hazards accurately, much loss can be saved.