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Social, political and economic causes of the Haitian revolution
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Haiti, a small island near the Caribbean was stumbled upon by Christopher Columbus in December of 1492 he referred to the island as “La Isla Espanola” (History of Haiti). However, Arawak Indians who called the island “Hayti” inhabited the Island. In the early years of Haiti the Spanish, Britain, and France were fighting for it for new territory. Towards the 17th century, the native Indians became extinct and the French ruled the Island. Once under the French regulation they decided to use the island for it sufficient of resources such as coffee, cotton, sugar cane, and cocoa. As the demand for these products grew, the promotion of slavery went into full affect. Slaves imported from the west coast of Africa against their will to work and harvest crops. The slaves were a great essential part of the thriving economy in the region, by 1780; Haiti was one of the wealthiest regions in the world. In the late 18th century, a revolution began against the French government. The slaves took action and revolted ruler Napoleon. In the beginning of the 19th century, Haiti was the first black independent nation. Haiti soon went through a rough time of assassination and over through of power. Haiti soon became split into two countries. The two countries today are known as the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Culture Haiti is a very over colonized country; the population is at 9.8 million people (Pike). The second most populated country is Haiti. Haiti is also one of the poorest countries in North America. The country has two major ethnic groups, black and mulatto. In the country, they have two official languages, French and Creole. The working class families are not like the ones of the western philosophy. Women work side by s... ... middle of paper ... ... the rapid spread. The spread continue to grow higher and higher due to lack of fund in order to treat the illness, and therefore babies were being born with it. The rate of infection was as high as 12 percent in urban population and 5 percent in rural regions. The infection causes a large amount of infant deaths and displaced many children In 2010 a 7.0 earthquake devastated Haiti. The earthquake left hundreds of thousands of people stranded without homes. It considered being the country’s worst earthquake in 200 years. It had destroyed so many buildings, homes, and office buildings. Haiti has always been a target for hurricanes and disasters of the ocean. Haiti is still trying to recover from all the devastations. Due to the earthquake, many Haitians live in run down homes. Four years later, some areas look the same after the earthquake hit the country.
The Haiti earthquake that occurred on January 12, 2010 just fifteen miles south of the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince was a severely large-scale earthquake, at a magnitude of 7.0. The initial shock was then followed by a series of aftershocks with magnitudes ranging up to 5.9. Over three hundred thousand people died due to this extreme chaos. Many buildings collapsed and disintegrated under the force of the quake; both the cathedral and National Palace in Port-au-Prince were heavily damaged. In the aftermath of this tragedy, efforts to aid the people of Haiti with medical assistance, water, and food were hampered by the loss of communication lines as well as by roads blocked by debris. Over one million people were left homeless due to this quake. Two days after the earthquake, journalist Leonard Pitts wrote “Sometimes the Earth is Cruel,” an article describing how the people of Haiti responded to the disaster. In “Sometimes the Earth is Cruel,” a major theme is that some things are inevitable.
Haiti began as the French colony Saint-Domingue. The island was filled with plantations and slaves to work on them. Almost a decade and a half after its settlement, this colony paved the way for many changes throughout the French empire and many other slave nations. Through its difficult struggle, we examine whether the slave revolt of Saint-Domingue that began in the late 16th century was justifiable and whether its result of creating the free nation of Haiti was a success.
However, one of the greatest differences in their outcomes was that France emerged as a new, firm government as Haiti staggered with its new independence. In September 1791, France achieved the movement of freeing and outlawing slavery. In turn, Haitian slaves were inspired to do the same by revolting against French plantation owners. This transformative movement of 100,000 slaves was led by Toussaint L’Ouverture.
Why are these background informations useful? Because these informations provide us some important basic knowledges of Haiti. As a country mainly composed of ex-slaves, Haiti is mainly composed of people of African origin. However, why is Haiti so poor compared to its other black majority neighbors such as Saint Kitts and Neves and Barbados? Because Haiti did not attain its independence through peaceful means. Haitian revolt against the French, and they indeed won, against Napoleon Bonaparte[2].
Haiti is located in the Caribbean; it occupies the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. Haitians migrated to the U.S. due to regime change. In Florida, over 700,000 Haitians live there (Background on Haiti & Haitian Health Culture). Many Haitian-Americans share both cultures. There are similarities and differences between the American and Haitian culture. The two cultures have different foods, holidays and economy.
In 1791, the slaves of Haiti arose in a rebellion, leading to thirteen years of war and deadly disease. With that, the Spanish, English, and French troops began to fight each other for control of the colony. The imperial forces militarized the slaves and trained them. In 1804, the military generals who drove out the French and took custody of the colony, declared independence and adopted the name of Haiti. The people of Haiti attach immense importance to that event which made their country the first independently black-ruled nation in the world, and only the second country in the Western Hemisphere to achieve independence from imperial
Everyone needs a good place to spend his or her vacation. But I have chosen Haiti as my favorite place because that’s my country and that’s where I was raised, however; some people claim that Haiti is filled with poverty. Actually, Haiti has a variety of growing cities. For example, Port-au-Prince, which is the capital, Jacmel, Cap-Haitian and more. The current president is Jocelerme Pivert with a unitary semi-presidential republic. Haiti also has a population of ten million people. Here are the three main reasons to why you should visit Haiti: for the weather, the food, and also the beauty.
Haiti, previously known as Saint-Domingue, was a slave island and one of the wealthiest of France’s colonies. Up until this point in time, slavery was still common and, as mentioned above, continued throughout the world even after such freedom declarations such as, the Declaration of Independence in the newly formed United States, and the Declaration of Rights of Man in the Republic of France. The Haitian Revolution was brought on by the want for liberation of slaves, and was largely inspired by the French Revolution and the Declaration of Rights of Man. “Even though the early leaders of the French Revolution had no intention of exporting the upheaval, it spread to the colonies, especially to Saint-Domingue” (Ott 1973). This revolution proved to be a major event as it was the most successful slave revolution in history. The slavery population in Haiti, vastly outnumbered the white colonists in Haiti, and therefore, when the slave population banded together, led to a full-scaled rebellion. Revolts would continue to occur until finally in 1793, the slaves got their freedom, with slavery officially being abolished in all French territories in 1794. From this point until 1802, small rebellions continued to occur as not much changed in the daily lives of slaves, despite technically having their freedom. After the French Revolution and with Napoleon taking power in 1799; Napoleon reinstated slavery in all French colonies, including Haiti. Napoleon also sent an army to Haiti to enforce these new slavery laws and Haiti returned to a slave economy in 1802 (Doyle 1943). The Haitian Revolutionaries finally get their win after defeating the French soldiers in the Battle of Vertieres in 1803; the final part of the revolution. The revolution officially ended in 1804, with Haiti gaining its independence from France and permanently abolishing slavery
Early in the nineteenth century rebellion against European authority broke out in Latin America. First, slaves on the island of Haiti revolted against their French masters. Led by former slave Toussaint L'Overture the Haitians defeated France making Haiti the...
In Haiti existed a system of degradation and denial of humanity itself towards human beings only because they were born with a black skin. While emphasis is made on the fact that the blacks were the majority of the population at the time of the revolution, it is brought up that at the outset the white indentured or contracted servants "worked and lived side by side in near equal numbers with black slaves" (Fick 15). This suggests that if we consider an indentured worker or worker under contract to be a financial slave living in the same condition as a black slave, that slaves did not necessarily have to be black. Slavery began because there was the need for labor to work on plantations of sugar and tobacco. Once the black slave took the place of the white indentured worker, a system of classes emerged. The middle class white man was the absentee planter enjoying the amassed fortune in France. The middle class were also the agents or managers of the absentee planter striving and sometimes at...
Currently, almost two years ago Haiti was struck by a 7.0 magnitude earthquake. It sparked an international urge to help aid and relieve Haiti of its catastrophe. Not only governments in various countries reached out, but independent organizations as well. This disastrous event showed how the world could come together when their neighbor is in need. But prior to this 2010 earthquake, Haiti was already facing devastation other than a natural one - societal.
Haiti is the oldest black republic in the world, independent since 1804. It is located in the West Indies on the western side of the Island of Hispaniola, The eastern two-thirds of the island is the Dominican Republic. In 1992, Haiti's population was about 6.5 million people, with about 29 percent in urban centers and 71 percent living in rural areas. The birth rate is 44.6 per 1000 people and each woman has about six children. Life expectancy is 53 years for males and 55 years for females.
Haiti (capital city Port-Au-Prince) is situated on the western third of the Hispaniola island, with other two thirds belonging to Dominican Republic. It lies in between the Caribbean and the North Atlantic Ocean, with USA at the north of it and the South America at the south. Haiti, with around 10 million inhabitants, is today the poorest country in the Western hemisphere (Americas) and one of the poorest nations in the world (CIA, 2014; www.whichcountry.co).
The effects caused by earthquakes are devastating. They cause loss of human life and have effects on infrastructure and economy. Earthquakes can happen at any time anywhere. In January 12, 2010 an earthquake of a magnitude of 7.0 hit the nation of Haiti. An estimation of 316,000 people were killed, and more than 1.3 million Haitians were left homeless (Earthquake Information for 2010). Haiti was in a terrified chaos. After the earthquake, families were separated because many of the members were killed. Homes, schools, and hospitals were demolished. People lost their most valuable belongings. It will take time for the country to recover from this terrible disaster. The long damages are economic issues, health-state, and environmental issues that effect in the beautiful island of Haiti.
...wn as Creole. It is often referred to as Haitian Creole as a way to make a distinction between the Creole that is spoken in other countries. Located in the Caribbean, Haiti is on the island of Hispaniola, along with Dominican Republic to the east of it. Haiti has two official languages. They are French and Creole but on ly 20% of the population speaks French fluently (Ellicott). Creole is derived from French and Spanish. Creole was developed when Haiti was colonized by France. Due to the fact that the colonists only spoke French, the slaves needed a way to communicate with each other. They used the wrong pronunciation of French words which angered the slaveholders. The slaves continued to practice their language which became known as Creole. It is often referred to as Haitian Creole as a way to make a distinction between the Creole that is spoken in other countries.