chromosome abnormality

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When every child is born they are born with two sets of chromosomes. 23 chromosomes are from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father, creating a total of 46 chromosomes for the child. But for some children born today, they are born with chromosome abnormalities. Chromosome abnormalities involve sex chromosomes and are gender specific (O’Neil). With today’s technology and past studies, we are able to determine chromosome abnormalities and the syndromes that are formed by these abnormalities. Chromosome abnormalities happen when there is something wrong in the cell division, two kinds of cell division is mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is the process where two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus split into identical cells, they undergo this change through four phases. These phases are called Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Meiosis is where the daughter cell has one half the numbers of chromosomes as the parent cells and involves the divisions of two cells and therefore produces four daughter cells. Meiosis undergoes the same phases as Mitosis but undergoes two times. “In both processes, the correct number of chromosomes is supposed to end up in the resulting cells. However, errors in cell division can result in cells with too few or too many copies of a chromosome. Errors can also occur when the chromosomes are being duplicated” (Genome). With chromosome abnormalities, there are many different types that can be categorized into two basic groups. The first group is numerical abnormalities which happen “when an individual is missing either a chromosome from a pair (monosomy) or has more than two chromosomes of a pair (trisomy)” (Genome). The second group is called structural abnormalities. “Structural abnormalities occur when the chromosomal morphology is altered due to an unusual location

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