The Cooper’s Hawk, breeds mostly in the United States, southern Canada, and northern Mexico. This species was named in 1828 by Charles Bonaparte for his friend and collogue William C. Cooper. They are migratory birds that focus highly on thermal air for direction. Female Cooper’s Hawk is one third larger than the males, and this species is a great example of dimorphism. They are among one of the most reverse sized dimorphism of any hawks in the world. They breed in forests and dense woods. They are also noticed to live in suburban and urban habitats. They consume prey of different sizes, including birds and mammals such as doves, robins, chipmunks, squirrels, and different rodents. In mid 1990s, the eastern population of the birds declined significantly. Some major causes of this decline in population include trapping, pesticide contamination, pollution, and shooting. Thereby, the specie is stamped as threatened or endangered species in some eastern states. Although their population was low, it is slowing recovering now in many areas. Over the years, this specie has been studied intensively by ornithologists and they have put in a collaborative effort to document the specie’s habitat and other characteristics. The Cooper’s Hawk is medium sized and has rounded wings with a long rounded tail. Males are about 39cm and females are about 45cm. Younger birds have yellow legs, and adult birds have orange or red colored legs. The males are more brightly colored than females. Adult birds have dark gray-blue crown and it contrasts with their lighter colored napes. The tails have four straight alternating bands, dark and light brown in adults. The tip of the tail may appear white at times. Some of the areas that the population of Cooper’s ... ... middle of paper ... ...itch of the voice changes with the age of the bird. The best know and identified call is the cak-cak-cak or “alarm call”. The kik is the male’s most common call, communicating his presence in the area. The females whaaa and the young birds chirrp. The Cooper’s Hawk occasionally runs or walks on ground, most of the time, it is resting on trees, or flying. The bird sleeps standing on one leg, with its head tucked between its back feathers. The birds maintains its health and feathers by preening, stretching, bathing in water, and scratching its head with its toes. They lay eggs after breeding and take good care of them and protect their chicks. Overall, the birds is adaptable to human lifestyle and the population is beginning to rise slowly. They are very interesting birds and maintain high adaptable characteristic to survive in today’s changing global conditions.
The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination based upon their disability (Bennett-Alexander, 2001). The protection extends to discrimination in a broad range of activities, including public services, public accommodations and employment. The ADA's ban against disability discrimination applies to both private and public employers in the United States.
The Pacific Northwest is perhaps most commonly known for its awe-inspiring old growth forests that have been gracing the land for hundreds and hundreds of years. The land in British Colombia, Canada, Washington state, Oregon, and parts of Northern California are the only areas in the world where these forests exist. One of the most unique and amazing inhabitants of this age-old forest is the Northern Spotted Owl. The Northern Spotted Owl has been on the endangered species list for over ten years now. The Northern Spotted Owl can only be found in these old growth forests. The northern spotted owl requires many acres old forests to survive, due to its scarce food supply. They are very sensitive to their habitat, and simply cannot survive in any other environment. These owls, as well as the forests have been disappearing at an alarming rate due to the immense logging industry in its area.
And the new information about the number of beautiful birds used to furnish women’s hats caused further conservation movement. “It is high time for the whole civilized world to know that many of the most beautiful and remarkable birds of the world are now being exterminated to furnish millinery ornaments for womenswear. The mass of the new information that we have recently secured on this traffic from the feather trade headquarters is appalling. Subsequently, new policies and laws are created to give people equal access to wildlife.
I have chosen to do research on the Northern Spotted Owl for my keystone lab. Many factors can influence the life of this species. The Northern Spotted Owl is said to be located in the Old Growth Forests of Northern California, Oregon, Washington and some small areas in British Columbia, and Canada. The northern spotted owl has inhabited these areas for hundreds of years, yet was only found as a species in the early 1900’s. We are all aware the Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) is a keystone species, but it is also known as an indicator species of Old Growth Forests. Thanks to the constant need for lumber from timber companies, the Northern Spotted Owl has been steadily moving towards an eventual extinction. ("Northern Spotted Owl.")
Sandhill Cranes are known for their courtship dances and their distinct loud calls. According to Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, there are a total of six subspecies of Sandhill Cranes that are classified into two groups; the migratory and non-migratory. “The three migratory subspecies (Lesser, Greater and Canadian) are distributed across a broad breeding range in the northern U.S. and Canada as well as eastern Siberia, with wintering grounds in the southern United States and northern Mexico. The three non-migratory subspecies (Mississippi, Cuban, and Florida) have restricted ranges in the southern United States and Cuba (International Crane Foundation).” According to Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, the declines in Sandhill Cranes are due to forfeiture of wetlands, changes in its environment, and hunting. Over the years, the debate is whether or not to hunt the bird. It is important that we preserve the Sandhill Cranes because they are not game birds, they’re beautiful birds, and they have cultural significance in other countries.
described but the most common call is very similar to that of the Canada Goose,
Feathers are complex, branched, keratinized epidermal features commonly associated with Class Aves, or birds (Bock, 2000). Cells in the epidermis called keratinocytes are the structural components of feathers; however, the protein keratin varies in its distribution and can be of different types (Prum, 2002). Many functions involved with feathers include thermal insulation, flight, cleaning of plumage, heat protection, sound production, chemical defenses, water repulsion of plumage, social communication, streamlining the body, and the sensation of touch (Bock, 2000; Prum, 2002). A wide variety of feathers have been characterized. Feathers covering the body are known as contour feathers (Bock, 2000). Contour feathers covering the wings are called remiges, while those covering the tails are called retrices (Bock, 2000). Additional types of feathers include semiplumes, down and powdered down feathers, bristles and semibristles, filoplumes, courtship plumes, and oil gland feathers (Bock, 2000). General characteristics of feathers include the presence of a calamus, which anchors the feather into the bird’s integument (Bock, 2000). Barbs, or closely spaced branches, are attached to the central shaft known as the rachis (Bock, 2000). Barbs on each side of the rachis form a vane (Bock, 2000). Proximal and distal barbules originate from barbs; proximal barbules are near the base of the feather while distal barbules are at the tip of the feather (Bock, 2000; Prum, 2002). When these barbules interlock, the structure of the vane is preserved (Bock, 2000).
Varricchio, David J., Frankie Jackson, and Clive N. Trueman. “A Nesting Trace with Eggs for
8. Taylor, Dan. 1998. Audubon Society Inspired to Action by Bird Die -offs . 17 Jan. 1998 . E-mail . Available bkus@sunstroke.sdsu.edu
Klein shows several example videos of birds adapting to their environments to show how these birds adjust to living in our lives. One example is a bird living in Japan and learning how to crack open a nut by dropping it in the street, letting a car run over it, waiting for the light to change, then retrieve their food. They learned this by other crows doing the same thing in Tokyo years before. Klein has learned that crows are now really smart as well as they
Terres, John K. 1980. The Audobon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York, USA. Barred owl (Strix varia)
Eastman, J. (1997).14-Crow and Jay Family (Corvidae). Birds of forest, yard, and thicket. (pp. 127- 145). Mechanicsburg, Pa: Stackpole Books. Retrieved from: eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) [Accessed 3 March 2014]
A pair of equal sized birds of prey might overhunt an area and compete for food. However the Ecological theory shows validity in the idea that a territory is not overhunted because a small male will eat small prey while the large female hunts larger prey. However, it does not adequately explain why it is the female who would eat the larger prey or the bigger portion and be the bigger mate. It also does not explain why some species have smaller RSD than others such as the Screech Owl for
*The speed of migration is different for different species, depending on when they migrate. *A new study has found interesting differences in the migration speeds of early and late migrants between Europe and Africa. *In general, flight velocity of birds ranges from 20 to 50 miles per hour. *For sustained flight, larger birds typically fly faster than smaller birds. * A common flying speed of ducks and geese is between 40 and 50 miles per hour, but among the smaller birds it is much less. *Herons, hawks, Horned Larks, ravens, and shrikes, timed with an automobile speedometer have been found to fly 22 to 28 miles per hour, whereas some of the flycatchers fly at only 10 to 17 miles per hour. *Even such fast-flying birds as the Mourning Dove