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Puritanism in American Literature
Puritanism in American Literature
Puritanism in American Literature
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The story “Young Goodman Brown” takes place in Puritan New England, specifically in Salem Massachusetts. The Puritans believed that Salem was set up as a “perfect” religious village, that could set examples for other Christians, namely, the Quakers, the Anglicans, the Catholics, etc. In Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown”, Salem represents a bastion of religious faith.
The story is set during the Salem witch trials, a tragic historical event, which involves twenty-five innocent people who were killed by Salem Villagers after being accused of witchcraft. Two of these “witches” are mentioned in Hawthorne’s story, Goody Cloyse and Martha Carrier, as characters. Hawthorne makes reference to this historical evet to remind readers of what took place in Salem Village, and how intolerant the Puritans were of sinful activities.
Hawthorne begins his story with Goodman Brown heading out to run an errand in the woods, at dusk. “The woods was a place where Puritans should not stray” (M.P) due to the inhabitance of the Native Americans, who were believed to be devil worshipers, “There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree” (Hawthorne 4). Going into the woods was a way of considering life outside of Puritan beliefs, a life of sin. This is probably why Hawthorne uses the woods as the setting
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We have been a race of honest men and good Christians, since the days of the martyrs...” (Hawthorne 6). As they go further into the woods, Goodman recognizes Goody Cloyse, who taught him the principles of Christianity when he was a youth. Not wanting her to see him, Goodman hides, only to realize that the old man is the devil and Goody Cloyse is a witch that works with
The author ironically describes day as “clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day” (Jackson, 2008, p 5). Hawthorne, on other hand presents a gloomy description to connect readers with settings by saying “Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset into the street of Salem village” (Hawthorne, 2012, p 128). Hawthorne presents a town that conducts rituals of witchcraft and also burns witches. The plot of the story is knitted around a paralyzed community that follows traditions. In the forest, Goodman sees various well-known faces of senior authorities and reputed faces. Hawthorne, presents a ritualistic society that is dark and
Within “Young Goodman Brown”, the naive and malleable character’s intoxication of grief and dread lead him upon the revelation of the town’s hypocrisy. The fact of the initial impact upon Brown’s mentality and changed outlook of the town’s people revolves around the imagined forest meeting which leaves him bitter and spiteful. Satan’s true intent was to make him: “A stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man, did he become, from the night of that fearful dream”. Whether the forestry scene did in fact occur is truly a matter of the readers insight, however the overall impact that the scene had upon the story’s primary thematic detail of hypocrisy does evolve around the secrets of which the townspeople in turn remain to hold to themselves. Hawthorne’s works primarily emphas...
During Goodman Brown’s journey, he recognized Goody Cloyse, his catechism teacher, the preacher, and Deacon Gookin is going to the devil’s meeting. However, after seeing his church members at the devil’s meeting, Goodman says, “My Faith is gone! and There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come devil! for to thee is this world given” (Hawthorne 27). “But, where is Faith?”, asked Goodman Brown (Hawthorne 29). As hope came into his heart, he trembled when he found the pink ribbon of his wife, Faith, in the forest. At that moment, Goodman Brown lost his faith in his family and church members. Goodman becomes unforgiving of others and believes only evil can be created from evil and there is nothing that anyone can do to change it. Here, Hawthorne demonstrates that a naive faith in our family, friends, and church member’s righteousness could lead to distrust. While, “Young Goodman Brown” lives a long life with Faith, he never loses his meanness toward humanity and the evil in the world, “for his dying hour was gloom” (Hawthorne
Goodman Brown in the short story “Young Goodman Brown” by Nathaniel Hawthorne goes on a journey into the woods to meet a stranger which ultimately changes his life. His blind faith in his religion makes him believe that all people are good. Goodman Brown is a trusting, naive man in the beginning if the story but witnesses a witch ceremony that changes his personality drastically. Seeing his family and his neighbors taking part in the sinful act changes his outlook on life and his outlook on their personalities as well. Brown’s blind faith in people and his naivety make the shock of what he sees in the woods turn him into an untrusting, paranoid man.
The story opens with young goodman Brown entering Salem village and he is depicted as a good-intentioned and faithful husband kissing his wife, appropriately named Faith. Hawthorne uses the generic name "young goodman Brown" for the main character as a representation of anyone who is facing temptations to experience something other than the norm. The name "goodman" is not capitalized except in the title, furthering this representative quality. Throughout the story, Brown refers to "Faith," his wife, which when substituted with a description his beliefs in the known establishment in terms of religion and politics shows his progression towards realizing the unknown, evil, side of human nature. As he first enters the forest and is late to meet his traveling companion, he remarks, "Faith kept me back awhile" (Norton 577). His firm beliefs in the establishment seem to have kept him back from taking a risk and venturing off on his own. After an encounter of finding out that what he had thought to be a "pious and exemplary dame" was really practicing witchcraft, he is first exposed to the hidden evil nature. He exclaims, "What if a wretched old woman do choose to go to the devil, when I thought she was going to Heaven! Is that any reason why I should quit my dear Faith, and go after her?" This experience was just not enough to make him change his beliefs although the aquaintance predicts, "You will think better of this, by-and-by" (Norton 580). Brown is eventually convinced of mankinds evil nature at the turning point where he cries, "My Faith is gone.
The story is set in seventeenth-century Salem, a time and place where sin and evil were greatly analyzed and feared. The townspeople, in their Puritan beliefs, were obsessed with the nature of sin and with finding ways to be rid of it altogether through purification of the soul. At times, people were thought to be possessed by the devil and to practice witchcraft. As punishment for these crimes, some were subjected to torturous acts or even horrible deaths. Thus, Hawthorne’s choice of setting is instrumental in the development of theme.
In the beginning of the story Hawthorne uses the name Faith for Young Goodman Browns’ wife. Faith is a symbol of her husband’s strong faith in God. Young Goodman Browns’ own name is a symbol for the innocence of young, good men, and the journey represents the loss of their innocence. Faith urges him to stay and not journey into the forest, but Goodman Brown reassures her by saying “Say thy prayers, dear Faith, and go to bed at dusk, and no harm will come to thee”(cite) Goodman Brown believes his faith will help him overcome what the devil has to offer and while still maintaining his puritan faith. Puritans believe the forest to be inhabited by the devil and the woods in "Young Goodman Brown" are an obvious symbol of his journey into sin and darkness. Even Goodman Brown supports this idea when he says to himself as he is walking along, "There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree... What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow!" As Goodman Brown enters the forest he meets a traveler who is waiting there for ...
Through the work of "Young Goodman Brown," Hawthorne is able to express his views of hypocrisy in Puritanism. Goodman Brown was convinced that his Puritan family was sinless and deserved to be honored. When traveling through the forest he says, "My father never went into the woods on such an errand, nor his father before him. We have been a race of honest men and good Christians since the days of the martyrs" ("Young Goodman Brown" 238). What Goodman Brown does not know is that his previous generations have taken part in these sinful actions that occurred in the woods. Although Brown's ancestors were supposedly righteous Puritans, they were involved in lashing a Quaker woman and setting fire to an Indian village, according to the traveler speaking with Brown. Through these stories that the traveler tells, Hawthorne makes known to his readers that Puritan's are hypocrites because they say they are holy and pure when in reality they are committing impious actions. Throughout this story Young Goodman Brown takes his journey through the woods and sees nearly eve...
In Nathaniel Hawthorne's short story, Young Goodman Brown, Brown goes on a journey through the forest that drastically changes him. While we never know the real reason why Brown went to the forest, the experience in the forest caused him to become a bitter, sad, and lonely man who couldn't look at life the same after that night. There were many events that occurred in the forest that caused this change in him.
Hawthorne is truly persevering in trying to make the reader understand that everyone is a sinner and/or thinks evil thoughts. This story is filled to the brim with symbolism, perfect examples being Faith’s pink ribbons and the devil’s serpent staff. The ribbons on Faith’s head represent innocence and purity. It is quite disturbing to see his beloved wife’s ribbons fly into the wind, indicating that Faith (The wife of Brown) has also fallen to the unescapable fate of sinning, along with the many other pious people Brown thought never could’ve ever done so. Once again, however, Hawthorne keeps the story revolved around Puritanism, as the protagonist (Goodman Brown) is a young Puritan having a spiritual battle in the woods. He eventually loses this battle when he realizes the grim truth. Unlike the Minister’s Black Veil, this Hawthorne short story’s setting is the town of Salem, a Puritan town known for its witch trials. This story features: heavy love of nature, fascination with the supernatural, mysterious, or Gothic, dee-rooted idealism, and focus on self. Focus on self is the most prevalent, as the whole story revolves around Brown’s personal spiritual battle. Brown also strives for the ideal of perfect piousness, which he soon realizes can never be obtain, as everyone is bound to fall to the darkness of
But the heart of this story centers on a theme of initiation, an initiation that result in the demise of Goodman Brown’s happiness. To understand why Goodman Brown became “A stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man…” (482), the reader needs to understand Goodman Brown’s childhood. Goodman Brown grew up in the late 1600’s, in Salem Village, Massachusetts; a village settled by the Puritans. The Puritans are a people know for their strict moral...
Goodman Brown embarks on his journey into the forest with the fervent belief that his potent dedication is indomitably ironclad, and thus will be able to overcome even the most tempting persuasions of the devil. As Goodman and the devil continue sauntering along the serpentine path, they encounter Goodman’s old catechism teacher, Goody Cloyse, and it is eventually revealed that she is heading to the satanic occult meeting at the core of the forest. Goodman is absolutely confounded at the sight of her, as he had always considered Cloyse as a moral and spiritual guide in his life. Goody Cloyse’s appearance is the first moment where Goodman begins to question his faith. Brown's illusions about the purity of his society are finally obliterated when he discovers that many of his fellow townspeople, including religious leaders and his wife (aptly named Faith), are attending a Black Mass or “witch-meeting”. At the end of the story, it is not clear whether Brown's experience was a nightmare or biting reality, but the results are nonetheless the same. Brown is unable to forgive the possibility of evil in his loved ones, and as a result spends the rest of his life in desperate loneliness and gloom.
Nathaniel Hawthrone's story, “Young Goodman Brown”, is an allegorical tale about a man who is having a psychological battling between what he perceives as good and evil. Brown sees the people of the religious town he lives in as pure, while he sees himself as impure. To prove to himself that he is indeed still a righteous man he embarks on a journey to meet with the devil. During the journey Brown realizes the reality of humanities imperfections. Thus, Goodman Brown's psychological journey into the forest demonstrates his ambivalence and ambiguity toward his religious faith.
“‘With heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil!’” (Hawthorne 639). The strict value of religious devoutness as encompassed by Puritan tenets is revealed along with the plausible consequences when the ideology of one is demoralized. Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts this faithful regime through his short story “Young Goodman Brown.” However, Goodman Brown, originally an exemplary advocate, tests these ideals as he fraternizes with the evil incarnate himself as he undertakes an adventure that he describes as an “evil purpose.” The author utilizes several literary techniques, the most prominent being satire, in order to depict the similarities between Goodman Brown’s psychological state and the increasingly obscure forest
Hawthorne’s tale “Young Goodman Brown” draws the story of an exemplary Puritan who is tempted to sin by the devil. In Salem, a village recognized due to its hypocritical witch trials, and thus, demonstrating that sins exist hidden behind everyone’s “pure” life. Goodman’s sins start off when lying to Faith, his wife that represents pureness and light, leaving her alone while he gets into the woods. Then, ignoring his own sins hiding himself behind the trees whenever a “remarkable” Puritan figure of the village shows up in the dark and sinful woods. Led by the devil, Goodman Brown gathers up with sinners and people, who feign to undoubtedly follow what their God dictates, in a meeting where he is invited to be a sinner.