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Negative and positive impacts of colonialism on african cultures
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The importance of yoruba culture
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Yoruba means a to a group of cultures connected by a common language. The origin of the Yoruba religion and people, is in the South-Western part of Nigeria (Metalgaia). The Yoruba beliefs mainly focus on self-exploration, finding your destiny, interacting with sprits, and most important of all getting yourself right with the almighty creator Olodumare (Metalgaia). In the beginning of the 16th century, the slave trade became prominent in Africa. Thousands of the Yoruba people were being sent as slaves to the Caribbean and America. From there the religion of Yoruba spread across the world (Robinson). In the Yoruba religion, their god is Olodumare. This is a genderless being; the Yoruba people believe that Olodumare is not a “he” or “she,” but …show more content…
The Yoruba people were heavily targeted, and contributed to a significant amount of culture spread the Atlantic slave trade. The Portuguese explores “found” the Yoruba cities in the 15th century, even though these cities had already been there for over hundreds of years. The Yoruba culture spread throughout the Atlantic Ocean, except in America (Munoz). The Portuguese hunted many of the European slaves took millions of African people forcefully, and transported them on ships known as negrero boats, heading towards America (Munoz). While being traded, and sold in slave trade, towards the end the slavery the Yoruba people took part in this. In the 19th century Yorubaland became one of the most important slave exporting regions in Africa (Munoz). They usually sold enslaved Yoruba’s, which were usually captured Prisoners of war, and or criminals. They were widely distributed throughout the Atlantic world. Yorubaland did not become a major slaving region until after1790 (Munoz). Yoruba slaves were sent to different colonies, such as English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese. In parts of the new world, some of these areas the Yoruba belief survived and continued. In many parts of the world today there are evidence of influences of the Yoruba religion and influences. In Cuba, Brazil, and Haiti, there are religious ceremony of the Yoruba’s, belief in their music and myths which are glorified in these areas (Munoz). The slavery in the United States was very different from the other colonized regions. The culture and language of the captive Yoruba’s and other African people were cruelly eliminated. They would receive the capital punishment for showing and practicing their beliefs
The Yoruba religion was brought to the Hispanic Caribbean approximately four hundred years ago by African slaves during the period of conquest and colonization of the new world. The religion remained traditionally strong among the African community until the Spanish conquerors began to prohibit its practice. When the Spaniards reached the New lands they brought with them the religion of the reigning King. That is Queen Isabella's religion; Catholosism. The conquerors forced the slaves to accept the Catholic faith as their new religion. The African, stripped already of their dignity refuse to give up their religious beliefs, this belief being all they brought with them. Knowing of the negative ramnifications, punishment and sometimes even death if caught "devil worshipping" it meant that in order to continue to worship theri Gods the angry Africans had to find a way to practice thier religion. They astutely hide theri religion behind Catholic religious practices and saints.
The Portuguese arrived in Benin, in modern Nigeria, between 1472 and 1486 to find an established and ancient kingdom with remarkable social and ritual complexity, with art that was comparatively naturalistic, and with a political system that was, on the surface, recognizable to the Europeans: monarchy. Even more importantly, they found a land rich in pepper, cloth, ivory, and slaves, and immediately set out to establish trade (Ben-Amos 35-6). Though we often imagine "first contacts" between Europeans and Africans as clashes of epochal proportions, leaving Europeans free to manipulate and coerce the flabbergasted and paralyzed Africans, this misjudges the resilience and indeed, preparedness, of the Benin people. The Benin were able to draw on their cultural, political, and religious traditions to fit the European arrival in an understandable context. Indeed, as the great brass plaques of the Benin palace demonstrate, the arrival was in fact manipulated by the Benin to strengthen, not diminish, indigenous royal power.
The first way traditional spirituality is shown is through Legba. Legba is an Igbo American visiting his grandparents in Lagos. He spends his time in a Cyber Café with his cousins participating in Nigerian Internet Fraud, 419. He gave himself the code name “Legba” because Legba is the “Yoruba trickster god of language, communication, and the crossroads” (194). He didn’t think he would be caught because “who would suspect an Igbo guy who was American using the name of a Yoruba god?” (195). He thought he was in the clear from being caught since he was an American man with religious names. However that was soon going to be the least of his worries. The room suddenly shook and everything came tumbling down. As Legba was pinned under rubbish he noticed something massive coming through the hole in the wall where the door used to be. Legba suddenly realized it was Ijele, the Chief of all Masquerades, Igbo royalty. Legba said, “One of the greatest spirits of Nigeria had come. While the alien was speaking, we were focused on our own things, on getting what we could get” (199). Legba is saying there were too caught up in their own world to realize everything that was going on in Lagos. But by the Ijele coming, he was woken up. He said, “I will never practice fraud again. Never. I swear” (199). The traditional spirituality of Legba and the Igbo people came to
The transatlantic slave trade paved the way for mass distribution of the human civilizations strongest labor force. The thought of using other humans as a means of production was first internal only within Africa but as other nations began to witness the degradation of one race, they saw an opportunity to tap into the weakened morals of one race which in turn allowed the Africans to fall into a lower class. Thus began the dispersion of slaves to other nations needing to fill the labor gap. An event that represents the beginning moment of the trans-Atlantic slave trade within the readings arise when Equiano was on watch with one of his sisters and was kidnapped by a group of people. Ever since Equiano was kidnapped, he was sold numerous times through different masters and traveled coast to coast. Equiano also witnessed the first time in his life a slave ship that was filled with black people of every description chained together with dejection and sorrowful expressions, and it was then that he realized the future that awaits him. Through the descriptions and Equiano’s wish for his former slavery in preference to the present condition he was in, we can imagine how awful and dehumanizing the slaves were being treated on shore. According to Equiano, many of the African slaves had the unpleasant personalities and traits that were similar with the white slave owners on the ship because of the close interaction that they had with each other. According to Gomez’s Reversing Sail, the beginning moment of the trans-Atlantic slave trade occurred because “Muslim forces in al-Andalus were never in control of the entire Iberian Peninsula and were continually threatened by Christian enemies during their nearly 800-year rule” (Gomez 59). As a result, “in both Iberia and the
When one thinks of slavery, they may consider chains holding captives, beaten into submission, and forced to work indefinitely for no money. The other thing that often comes to mind? Stereotypical African slaves, shipped to America in the seventeenth century. The kind of slavery that was outlawed by the 18th amendment, nearly a century and a half ago. As author of Modern Slavery: The Secret World of 27 Million People, Kevin Bales, states, the stereotypes surrounding slavery often confuse and blur the reality of slavery. Although slavery surely consists of physical chains, beatings, and forced labor, there is much more depth to the issue, making slavery much more complex today than ever before.
The Yoruba people obtained numerous weapon from Portuguese traders (“Yoruba People,” 2010). Despite access to weapon, they were not able to defend their territory from the Fulani, and were displaced from their home (Yoruba People, 2010).
Religion and the Igbo People The Igbo are a profoundly religious people who believe in a benevolent creator, usually known as Chukwu, who created the visible universe (uwa). Opposing this force for good is agbara, meaning spirit or supernatural being. In some situations people are referred to as agbara in describing an almost impossible feat performed by them. In a common phrase the igbo people will say Bekee wu agbara.
The Atlantic slave trade was the largest and longest ongoing international voyage in human history. Taking place as early as the 1440’s, the slave trade gives valuable account for the trade in slaves from various parts of the world. The author gives a regulation from West Africa to as far as the Arabic region along southern parts of the Mediterranean Sea into a lesser degree talks about the Arabic slave trade in East Africa, this period profound economic, social, political, cultural, religious, and military change. I strongly agree with how the authors attempted to explain the circumstances under which the African enslavement occurred in Africa through the dismay Middle Passage and sale of the slaves in America. A brief introduction to the Slave trade was in the 1502, the first African slaves were taken to Hispaniola. In 1888, Brazil became the last nation in the western Hemisphere to outlaw slavery. For the nearly 400 years in between, slavery played a major role in linking the histories of Africa, North and South America, and Europe. Johannes Postma begins with an overview and a detail explanation of the 5 most important aspects of the Atlantic Slave Trade. First was the capture of slaves and the Middle Passage, the identities of the enslaved and their lives after captured, the economics of the slave trade, the struggle to end slavery, and the legacy of t...
Due to the spread and subsequent splintering of the faith during the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, as people from West African countries were shipped throughout the Americas (North, Central, and South), these spiritual forces have been defined in a variety of different ways, with different inter-religious analogies being used in an attempt to clarify the subject. However, in his book The Handbook of Yoruba Religious Concepts, Baba Ifa Karade, an initiated practitioner of the Ifa religion, writes about the orisha in a way that, while simple, manages to avoid oversimplification. Additionally, his interpretation is free of the excessively esoteric jargon present in many insider descriptions of religious concepts, African or
http://moodle.oakland.k12.mi.us/internationalacademy/pluginfile.php?file=%2F68302%2Fmod _ folder%2Fcontent%2F0%2FAfrica%20Essay%2FAchebe%20Interview%20An%20African%2 20Voice.docx&forcedownload=1>. Arinze, Francis A., and Kalu Ogbu. The "Igbo Religion" www.ic.galegroup.com.
Most african societies shared some common religious ideas, including a belief in a single creator god. The Ashanti people of Ghana believed in the supreme being Nyame, whose sons were lesser gods. Ashanti gods could not always be trusted, so humans needed to appease them to avoid their anger. However the god was also merciful and could be pacified by proper behavior. Rituals were a way to communicate with gods.
There are a lot of causes of the scramble for Africa, and one of them was to ‘liberate’ the slaves in Africa after the slave trade ended. The slave trade was a time during the age of colonization when the Europeans, American and African traded with each oth...
As the English began to colonize the Igbo society, there were few natives who opposed it, they others just felt that the English would come and go, but they were wrong. Soon, the English began to introduce "white man's religion." This new religion was completely the opposite from what the natives were accustomed to. Christianity was rather intriguing to many of the natives and many of them turned away from their families and everything they were to become a member of this new religion. Before this, they natives had been very superstious, but as they new religion flooded over the peoples, their superstiousocity began to lessen and their belief in the many gods they had previously believed in.
Nigerian culture is as multi-ethnic as the people in Nigeria. The people of Nigeria still cherish their traditional languages, music, dance and literature. Nigeria comprises of three large ethnic groups, which are Yoruba, Hausa-Fulani and Igbo.
The Yoruba people live mostly in Southwestern Nigeria. Traditionally, the Yoruba organized themselves into networks of related villages, towns and kingdoms; with most of them headed by a king or mayor. (2013) Music and dance have always been an important part of Yoruba culture for those living in Nigeria as well as in the diaspora. Yoruba music and dance are used for many different occasions in life such as religious festivals, royal occasions, and entertainment. Yoruba traditional music focuses on Yoruba deities. Drums and singing are the main elements of Yoruba music. (2013)