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Baddeley's four components of working memory
Outline and evaluate the working memory model
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In this essay, we will explore and discuss the topic of working memory and ADHD. I will summarize and discuss the recent developments in the area of working memory, describe how working memory is hypothesized to effect people with ADHD, describe the merits of “working memory training” that is popping up to address deficits in working memory in people with ADHD, and I will explain how stimulant medication works for people with ADHD. Working memory is responsible for important qualities involving memory. “Working Memory is the thinking skill that focuses on memory-in-action: the ability to remember and use relevant information while in the middle of an activity.” It aids us by holding knowledge that we have learned long enough in order to put …show more content…
“Working Memory Training is an evidence-based intervention for improved attention.” Working memory training is designed to help those with specific mind disorders. The main idea behind this program is to use brain training techniques such as monotonous memory trails, to teach people to train their mind to better perform. Working memory training is also considered to be a good alternative to medication supplements for those who cannot take them. For example, say you have just been diagnosed with ADHD and you are prescribed medication from your doctor. Over period of time while taking your medication, you find that the medication helps with your ADHD but it causes you to feel depressed, a common side effect of most brain disorder medications. So instead of continuing the medication, you take on the working memory training program. Though there have been numerous studies proving that working memory training is helpful, there have also been studies that say otherwise. In recent years, these studies have proven that the training does not have as big of an effect on specifics such as attention, reading and language skills as it does with short-term memory. This does not mean that working memory training is useless. Over time, new developments of this program have proven to successfully improve brain function not only with those suffering from ADHD but also indecent educational performance, dyslexia, and several language disorders. With this information, we can only hope to continue furthering our research in order to better help those struggling with brain disorders. Now that I have described the merits of “working memory training” that is popping up to address deficits in working memory in people
ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). (2004). In The concise Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science. Retrieved from http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com.library.gcu.edu%3A2048%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fwileypsych%2Fadhd_attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder%2F0
This essay will firstly briefly describe the theories and important facts about the original multi-store model of memory (MSM) and the working memory model (WMM).
Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders. 2005. The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Second Encyclopedia.com. The World of War II. 17 May. 2012 http://www.encyclopedia.com Zieman, Gayle and Dewan, Naakeesh A. “Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adults”. Relay Clinical Education -.
This essay addresses the working memory model which was proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974 in Smith & Kosslyn, 2007) as a response to Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968 in Smith, 2007) multi-store model. According to Baddely and Hitch the multi-store model failed to explain most of the complexities of the human memory and viewed it as being too simplistic. They argued that the short term memory store must have more components rather it being a single inflexible store as suggested previously by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968). The working memory model is therefore an enhancement of the multi store model. According to Baddeley and Hitch working memory is a limited- capacity system that stores and processes information.
ADHD is a disorder that has been on the rise for several years now. The disorder is one that can cause many impairments to a child’s attention span, making it difficult to concentrate and to keep on task, especially on schoolwork. (Graham, 2007) The statistics have been growing ...
The purpose of this research was to describe and understand Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the most effective treatment options that are available today. ADHD is a mental health disorder that affects 3-9% of the population in ways that, if left untreated, can wreak havoc on the mind of the sufferer. It makes concentration difficult, large tasks seem insurmountable, and causes impulsive and hyperactive tendencies. Fortunately, research and experiments have led to new and effective treatments to help those who suffer from this disorder (Dupaul 8). This research examined journal articles and internet sources on the topic to help unlock the complexities of the disorder through scientific research. It also was a way to separate the myths of the disorder from the truths, while discovering the causes, diagnosis methods, and best treatment alternatives to battle this prevalent disorder.
Chandler, C. (2011). The Science of ADHD: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. New York:
...er working memory individuals performed better when they used the usual steps lower WM individuals generally take. In the lower-pressure condition, the lower the individuals’ working memory the more accurate they were by using simpler steps (Beilock & DeCaro, 2007). Beilock and DeCaro (2007) explained their findings as a result that WM availability influences how individuals approach math problems, with the complexity of the task performed and the pressure-level of their environment deciding which skills succeed and fail.
Doornhein, K. & De Haan, E.H.F.(1998). Cognitive Training for Memory Deficits in Stroke Patients. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 8(4), 393-400.
This research proposal will be dealing with the growing problem of attention deficit hyperactive disorder, or also known commonly as ADHD, in the United States. ADHD has grown from the 1% of the childhood population in the 1970’s to its current rate of 5% of the school age population according to National Survey of Children’s Health. That is a 400% increase over 40 years. With this type of increase, so has the increase of medication children are prescribed to help them cope with the disorder. This study will be looking at what kind of effect these medications are having on young children and, if any, the affects of the medication on the child meeting milestones in their education.
ADHD is a neurobiological condition defined by the presence of severe and pervasive symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity (Daley & Birchwood, 2010). ADHD can interfere with many aspects of a child’s life. One of the biggest concerns of professionals and parents is schooling children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder. The article, “ADHD and academic performance: why does ADHD impact on academic performance and what can be done to support ADHD children in the classroom,” (2010) breaks down the disorder and classifies the differences in cognition and actions between children with ADHD of different age groups. Although ADHD is generally perceived as affecting children of elementary school age, the disorder is also prevalent in pre-school children, high schoolers, and sometimes adults (Daley & Birchwood, 2010). Although the numbers are low, Daley and Birchwood’s (2010) research says that ADHD is identified in two
Exercising is a good way to help the brain focus. This experiment will test and see if people can memorize a greater amount of words when they exercise directly after or not exercise at all after learning the words. “Exercise can help you focus and stay of task” (Martynoga, Ben. “How Physical Exercise Makes Your Brain Work Better.” ) Focusing will help memory and exercising helps you focus.
Learning and memory are related to each other. So, people look at them as one issue. However, the specialists consider them two different processes. You can learn any language by living in the country in which the language is spoken or by studying it at school. Then, you can use your memory to speak that language by retrieving the words that you have memorized. Memory is important to learn anything. It helps you to store the information then you can use them in need. Our memory is not only one process. Psychologically, different kinds of memory are working in humans. Accordingly, different parts of brain are at work. Both memory and learning are depending on each other. So, we should know if learning two languages is going to affect our working memory or not.
If you walk in to almost any classroom in America you will see a variety of students and behaviors. While Susie and Bob are paying attention to their teacher, closely following instructions and sitting quietly in their seats, Trent is looking out the window, not sure of the assignment and falling out of his chair. A significant challenge to students and teachers today is the existence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Rarely diagnosed 50 years ago it is commonplace in today’s society.
Learning to tie shoes and ride a bike requires the encoding, storing, and retrieving of past observations of the procedure. With a lot of practice, children master these skills so well that they are able to remember them the rest of their lives. Memory is the storing of information over time. It is one of the most important concepts in learning; if things are not remembered, no learning can take place. As a process, memory refers to the "dynamic mechanism associated with the retention and retrieval of information about past experiences" (Sternberg 260). We use our memory about the past to help us understand the present. The study or memory in psychology is used in different ways, as well as there are many different ways to study how memory works in humans. In psychology there are many tasks used to measure memory, and different types of memory storages that human's use, such as sensory storing, or short term storing. There are also a lot of techniques that humans use to improve their memory, which they can use to learn, such as mnemonic devices. All these things can be classified as important issues in the study of human memory and ways of learning.