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Through the 20th century, the communist movement advocated greatly for women's’ rights. Despite this, women still struggled for equality.
To begin, the communist movement advocated for women's rights. Mariia Muratova in document two states that a person cannot be a part of the communist party if they force or even allow their women to be veiled. The veiling of women is seen as discriminatory, since it prevents them from being equal to men. This is clear support for women's right because Muratova wants women and men to be on equal ground. If a man joins the party and he forces his wife to be veiled, then he's putting her beneath him and thus has no right to join the party. Document three contains an article of the North Vietnamese Constitution
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granting equal rights to women. It guarantees women will get equal pay, paid leave off from work for childbirth, equal domestic life, etc. Vietnam created this law in 1960, and was ahead of its time seeing as America is still arguing over equality. This being embedded in the Vietnamese Constitution means it cannot be refuted. Document four is a study of how many soviet women are hold high ranking degrees and jobs. The graph goes through 12 years, and there is very little change, showing how embedded women are in the communist society. Almost 30% of doctorate degree holders are women, another 30% are senior research associates, a little over 50% of the of junior research associates are women. This just goes to show that when it comes to education, the communist party does not discriminate. When compared to other countries, the Soviet Union has a lot more women with higher education than many other countries. Document five is a picture of women doing many stereotypically male jobs. Its encouraging women to take on these jobs and to contribute to the new society. The picture was published by the Hubei Province Birth Control Group to persuade women to have immersive careers. If women focus on work, they will be less inclined to get married and have children, thus lowering the birth rates. Another way we can see the communist parties supporting women's rights is during the Kitchen Debate of 1959. This debate was between US president Nixon and Soviet Premier Khrushchev. Nixon went around showing Khrushchev all of the technology America had to offer, a component being a dishwasher. Nixon remarked that the dishwasher was an amazing invention because it relieved women the chore of washing dishes to which Khrushchev replied that soviets do not treat women the way Americans do. In the Soviet Union there isn't a need for women to have a dishwasher because they aren't expected to do housework when they come home from work. On the other hand, women still struggles for equal rights.
In document one, alexandra Kollontai states that the communist party does not care for the female working class. She says that even though the bourgeois do have a women's movement in affect, the working class had no help. She herself is a bit of an anomaly seeing as she had a reputation in economic and social literature before the Russian Revolution. She was one of the few women with such a title before the revolution. Because she had this advantage, she was able to see exactly how the female working class is suffering. In document six, Castro made a speech to the Federation of Cuban Women saying that the Cuban Communist Party is very discriminatory towards women. He acknowledges that women contribute to the party and have sacrificed a lot for the revolution. He even admits that women have higher revolutionary qualifications than men do. Even though Castro made this speech to the Federation of Cuban Women, they were not his intended audience. He was speaking to the communist party, showing his discontent for the way women were being treated. He then goes on to say that they are currently trying to fix this issue, further supporting the women's rights movement in Cuba. Document seven is an open letter by a women's group in Romania for Elena Ceausescu, the wife of the Romanian, communist dictator. The letter says that Ceausescu should know what it is like for the working class women. They spend many hours working and are expecting to come home and do even more work to provide food for their families. It then goes on to state that this lifestyle is very hard and strips them of their will to live, saying that that is ‘utter misery and injustice’. Elena Ceausescu is known for her lavish lifestyle and since she is the wife of the leader, she doesn't face discrimination. Even though she doesn't struggle, she still has the power to change something for the female working class and yet, she doesn't. This goes to
prove that yes, some women get equal rights, but a lot of women are still suffering. In conclusion, communism did support women's rights but some women still struggled for equality.
These documents touch on important topics that a lot of Americans have a hard time understanding. Both The Civil Rights movement and Feminist Movement connect to mainstream liberalism, share parallel goals or differences, progressed in the 1970s, and still have an influence on American’s views to this day. Equal rights among all, is still something America is struggling with after about 50 years. There is no denying though, that the movements during the 60’s and 70’s molded the lives of future generations in the way that American’s view each other as human beings.
The rise of nationalist movements and the modern nation-state has affected women’s political and economic participation and social freedoms. Based on the following documents, there were many opportunities and barriers that nationalist movements posed concerning women's rights in the twentieth century. Many women saw the opportunities of the movements accessible to women, but other women focused on the barriers and didn’t feel that the opportunities were accessible.
Throughout the 1800s, women across the world began establishing organizations to demand women’s suffrage in their countries. Today, there are still women in countries fighting for their right to vote. Some countries who’ve succeeded in the mid to late 1800s were Sweden and New Zealand. Once they expanded women’s suffrage, many other countries followed. Like Sweden, countries first granted limited suffrage to women and other countries approved to the full national level. Additionally, there were quite a few countries who had taken over a century to give women the right to vote, Qatar being a prime example. Although the fight for women’s suffrage varied in the United States, France, and Cuba in terms of length and process, each effort ultimately
In previous times, the equality between men and women were at dramatic differences. It is frequently believed that women’s suffrage was desired and fought for only in England and the United States during the 19th century. Though these movement changes in their reasons and tactics, the battle of female suffrage, along with other women’s rights concerns, cut through many national boundaries. Women’s rights and suffrage had changed drastically from the 1890 till the time of Nixon’s Administration. During these time markers women had been treated poorly, they felt as if they weren’t equal to the other citizens of the world, especially the men. There are countless activities involving women, but the most spoke about topics is, women’s rights, their suffrage, and the roles they played.
“Women Rights” Hillary Rodham Clinton is a well-recognized woman in the United States. Her great contribution as secretary of State impact people’s lives. One of many remarkable speeches Hillary gave was the “The women rights speech”, in the 4th World Conference on Women Plenary Session where she uses strong words and emotions to appeal the audience. Even though the speech talks about women rights, she wants everyone, including men and children to listen and take action. Her use of ethos, logos and pathos throughout the speech made the audience believe in her words.
Women have had it rough throughout history. Their declining position in the world started during the Neolithic revolution, into Rome, and past the Renaissance. However, at the turn of the twentieth century, women began advocating for equality no matter their governmental situation. This promotion of women's rights is evident in communist nations during the twentieth century and their fight against hundreds of years of discrimination. It can be seen that women were brainwashed into believing that their rights were equal with the male population through the use of propaganda, yet this need for liberation continued despite government inadequacy at providing these simple rights. Women in communist countries struggled for rights in the twentieth
Sixty- nine years after the Declaration of Independence, one group of women gathered together and formed the Seneca Falls Convention. Prior and subsequent to the convention, women were not allowed to vote because they were not considered equal to men. During the convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton delivered the “Declaration of Sentiments.” It intentionally resembles the Declaration of Independence: “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal…” (Stanton, 466). She replaced the “men” with “men and women” to represent that women and men should be treated equally. Stanton and the other women in the convention tried to fight for voting rights. Dismally, when the Equal Rights Amendment was introduced to the Congress, the act failed to be passed. Even though women voiced their opinions out and urged for justice, they could not get 2/3 of the states to agree to pass the amendment. Women wanted to tackle on the voting inequalities, but was resulted with more inequalities because people failed to listen to them. One reason why women did not achieve their goals was because the image of the traditional roles of women was difficult to break through. During this time period, many people believed that women should remain as traditional housewives.
Today, nothing remains of the former social role of women. Nearly all professions are open to women. The numbers of women in the government and traditionally male-dominated fields have dramatically increased. More women than men earn bachelor’s degrees. Many women's groups still prevail and are major political forces. Although the two movements hoped to achieve different things and used different tactics, they still came together to gain women’s rights and have achieved more than anyone would have ever anticipated.
The thought of women having equal rights has caused major controversy throughout American History. Women have fought for their rights for many years, wanting to be more than a wife or a maid. Women’s Rights Movement was an effort by many women around the U.S standing up for themselves. Feminists like Charlotte Perkins Gilman had a big impact on the movement by writing stories and articles, she spread awareness by writing these. Throughout this Movement women got the right to vote, and many more opportunities they were not offered before.
Most traditional societies and until recent times, women generally were at a disadvantage. Their education sometimes was limited to domestic skills (“Women’s rights” n.p.). After, there was revolutions, and working women in the former soviet union intended to hold low paying jobs. They were also represented in party and government councils (“Women’s rights” n.p.). The late 1960s and early 70s active feminists organized numerous women’s rights group (“Women’s rights”n.p.). Women encountered discrimination in many forms. In 1960 equal opportunities were given to women (“Women’s rights” n.p.). During the women’s movement certain social institutions and traditional values, were questioned (“Women’s rights” n.p.). Else where in the world the women’s rights movement has also made progress in achieving its goals. In nearly every nation, women have the right to vote and hold public office (“Women’s rights” n.p.). Women’s rights movement made progress in achieving goals in nearly every nation after that (“Women’s rights” n.p.). Major unsponsored conferences on women were held in 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1995 (“Women’s rights” n.p.).
before when a large majority of men were in politics, women were not able to voice their opinions and could not further their movements through equality because a lot of men deemed women as unimportant housewives who should stay at home and comfort their husbands as well as raise their kids and maintain their households. Proving the men who deemed women as inferior wrong, women were able to push their movements through public protesting through spreading their fights for equality. However, women in general were split on whether women should be allowed to have the same amount of equality as men. With a good majority of wealthy women appealing for reforms for women, women were still able to achieve more for their freedom movement due to the fact that women were actually getting recognition. Despite lobbying being unable to push women’s fights for equality further than the 1920’s, it is
Women were seldom acknowledged if they chose to participate in scientific research during the 17th and 18th centuries. Men dominated scientific study and it was considered to be a social stigma for women to even think about delving into male-dominated intellectual fields. Society reinforced that women were incapable of doing anything besides fulfilling traditional female roles. Reactions and attitudes to women working in the sciences were wide-ranging, but most were negative. Men oppressed women due to the fact they thought they were superior, as well as women who criticized others for participating in scientific institutions. However, there was some acceptance and credit to the women involved in scientific research.
As we all know, Wyoming played a special role in suffrage. Wyoming, also known as the Equality State, was the first state in the nation that allowed women to vote. Eventually, almost all of the Western states gave women the right to vote. Unlike the West, all Eastern states, except Kansas, didn’t allow women to vote. Most women, before the ratification of the 19th Amendment, were expected to stay at home and take care of the things there. Men didn’t think that women should have to be worried about politics. Until in 1920, when that was changed. Most states were quick at ratifying the 19th Amendment, but others took nearly 60 to do so.
Under communist governments, the equality between men and women was emphasized as women were encouraged to stand for their rights and
The focus of The Women’s Liberation Movement was idealized off The Civil Rights Movement; it was founded on the elimination of discriminary practices and sexist attitudes (Freeman, 1995). Although by the 1960s women were responsible for one-third of the work force, despite the propaganda surrounding the movement women were still urged to “go back home.” However the movement continued to burn on, and was redeveloping a new attitude by the 1970s. The movement was headed by a new generation that was younger and more educated in politics and social actions. These young women not only challenged the gender role expectations, but drove the feminist agenda that pursued to free women from oppression and male authority and redistribute power and social good among the sexes (Baumgardner and Richards, 2000).