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Influences of religion on culture and society
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Women that took the trip west with their families were used to doing things by hand. They spun thread and made clothing, did the cooking and the cleaning but most importantly they did the child rearing. These women were always busy and sometimes they spun thread much into the evening. "I remember a neighbor lady who picked up her knitting and knitted a few rounds at her own husbands funeral, she was so used to keeping busy." ("Associated Content by Yahoo") These women kept their values and duties with them on the trip west. Women did most of the things they did back home during the journey. They cooked every meal and gathered food, took care of the children and also collected wood and buffalo chips as fuel for fire. Women learned how to cook things like biscuits and beans over an open fire, in order to adapt to always traveling. The weather made many things difficult there was dust, rain, and hail; because of this goods often got wet and sometimes they didn't have time to put up a tent to cook under. "In the morning our first domestic annoyance occurred. The women cook refused point blank to go any further...Here was a dilemma!...Having been reared in a slave state culinary education had been neglected and I had yet to make my first cup of coffee." ("Associated Content by Yahoo") This quote shows that women had to adapt but no where in the quotation was a complaint. It was common for women to do some of the men's work at times. "Albert is not well today, so I drove. I was very sleepy while driving, went to sleep a multitude of times, to awaken with a start fancying we were running into gullies." ("Associated Content by Yahoo") Some women had to endure the journey while with child, many women gave birth along the trai... ... middle of paper ... ...Dec. 2009. Web. 4 Mar 2011. . Morre, Denise. "Women of the West Invisible to History." Suite 101. N.p., 06. Jan. 2010. Web. 4 Mar 2011. . Morre, Denise. "The Western Frontier and its Impact on Women: The Western Frontier and its Impact on Women: 19th Century Women Go West http://www.suite101.com/content/the-western-frontier-and-its-impact-on-women-a185192#ixzz1FfAZwiav." Suite 101. N.p., 03. Jan. 2010. Web. 4 Mar 2011. . "How Women Survived on the Frontier." Associated Content by Yahoo. N.p., 13, Mar, 2008. Web. 03/04/2010. .
Shoemaker, Nancy. “ Native-American Women in History.” OAH Magazine of History , Vol. 9, No. 4, Native Americans (Summer, 1995), pp. 10-14. 17 Nov. 2013
Modern day interpretations of pioneer women are mostly inaccurate and romanticized as easy, and luxurious in a new land however, that is far from the truth. Overall, pioneer women had many jobs that were underappreciated, they weren’t valued as men but without them many people in the West wouldn’t have survived and had to leave so much to go on a trip that took weeks and was no vacation, because women pioneers would have to cook and clean and take care of her children and husband, while on a wagon with having to adapt to the changing weather and climates, they did jobs that were considered as “men’s jobs” and worked as hard as men to survive in the west during the Manifest Destiny. Therefore, women pioneers were overlooked as an insignificant part of the Westward Expansion.
Juliana Barr’s book, Peace Came in the Form of a Women: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands. Dr. Barr, professor of history at Duke University-specializes in women’s role in American history. Peace Came in the Form of A Women, is an examination on the role of gender and kinship in the Texas territory during the colonial period. An important part of her book is Spanish settlers and slavery in their relationship with Natives in the region. Even though her book clearly places political, economic, and military power in the hands of Natives in the Texas borderland, her book details Spanish attempts to wrestle that power away from indigenous people through forced captivity of native women. For example, Dr, Barr wrote, “In varying diplomatic strategies, women were sometimes pawns, sometimes agents.” To put it another way, women were an important part of Apache, Wichita, and Comanche culture and Spanish settlers attempted to exploit
This historical document, The Frontier as a Place of Conquest and Conflict, focuses on the 19th Century in which a large portion of society faced discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and religion. Its author, Patricia N. Limerick, describes the differences seen between the group of Anglo Americans and the minority groups of Native Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanics Americans and African Americans. It is noted that through this document, Limerick exposes us to the laws and restrictions imposed in addition to the men and women who endured and fought against the oppression in many different ways. Overall, the author, Limerick, exposes the readers to the effects that the growth and over flow of people from the Eastern on to the Western states
...to Americans: if their prospects in the East were poor, then they could perhaps start over in the West as a farmer, rancher, or even miner. The frontier was also romanticized not only for its various opportunities but also for its greatly diverse landscape, seen in the work of different art schools, like the “Rocky Mountain School” and Hudson River School, and the literature of the Transcendentalists or those celebrating the cowboy. However, for all of this economic possibility and artistic growth, there was political turmoil that arose with the question of slavery in the West as seen with the Compromise of 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska Act. As Frederick Jackson Turner wrote in his paper “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” to the American Historical Association, “the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history.”
"Chapter 2 Western Settlement and the Frontier." Major Problems in American History: Documents and Essays. Ed. Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman, Edward J. Blum, and Jon Gjerde. 3rd ed. Vol. II: Since 1865. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012. 37-68. Print.
Kugel, Rebecca, and Lucy Eldersveld Murphy. Native women's history in eastern North America before 1900: a guide to research and writing. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
Over the years, the idea of the western frontier of American history has been unjustly and falsely romanticized by the movie, novel, and television industries. People now believe the west to have been populated by gun-slinging cowboys wearing ten gallon hats who rode off on capricious, idealistic adventures. Not only is this perception of the west far from the truth, but no mention of the atrocities of Indian massacre, avarice, and ill-advised, often deceptive, government programs is even present in the average citizen’s understanding of the frontier. This misunderstanding of the west is epitomized by the statement, “Frederick Jackson Turner’s frontier thesis was as real as the myth of the west. The development of the west was, in fact, A Century of Dishonor.” The frontier thesis, which Turner proposed in 1893 at the World’s Columbian Exposition, viewed the frontier as the sole preserver of the American psyche of democracy and republicanism by compelling Americans to conquer and to settle new areas. This thesis gives a somewhat quixotic explanation of expansion, as opposed to Helen Hunt Jackson’s book, A Century of Dishonor, which truly portrays the settlement of the west as a pattern of cruelty and conceit. Thus, the frontier thesis, offered first in The Significance of the Frontier in American History, is, in fact, false, like the myth of the west. Many historians, however, have attempted to debunk the mythology of the west. Specifically, these historians have refuted the common beliefs that cattle ranging was accepted as legal by the government, that the said business was profitable, that cattle herders were completely independent from any outside influence, and that anyone could become a cattle herder.
Women in the nineteenth century, for the most part, had to follow the common role presented to them by society. This role can be summed up by what historians call the “cult of domesticity”. The McGuffey Readers does a successful job at illustrating the women’s role in society. Women that took part in the overland trail as described in “Women’s Diaries of the Westward Journey” had to try to follow these roles while facing many challenges that made it very difficult to do so.
French, Katherine L., and Allyson M. Poska. Women and Gender in the Western past. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2007. Print.
Throughout time, weaving, of both basketry and cloth, has had a tremendous impact on Southwestern cultures. Robert Graham, author and Southwest textile expert, has stated, "The most ancient historical and archaeological investigation demonstrate that textile was a highly developed art by the time writing began, and in many cultures before writing began" (Graham 23). Where written records are not available, decorations on structures and pottery show that the production of clothing encompassed a vast part of practically every Southwestern culture. Weaving has played an important role in the economy, the interaction between weavers, and the acknowledgment of community gender roles of Southwestern peoples. Ancient weaving traditions have progressed to ensure their survival, although they may not play the vital role they once did, as can be seen through the examination of ancient textiles. Textile production was a major part of the economy in the early Southwest because it was a tradable commodity and brought wealth and other goods to the communities. Through trading, the communities were able to be complete in the resources that they were lacking and they were able to communicate with other communities. In addition, weaving brought women into the economic sphere and enabled them to have relationships outside the household as traders and in weaving networks. Women played a vital role in all weaving activities and without their efforts textile production would have been an exhausting activity for the men, who had other responsibilities. By observing ancient textiles, specifically the area of clothing production, textile based economies, community gender roles, and...
...wler-Salamini and Mary Kay Vaughan, eds Creating Spaces, Shaping Transitions: Women of the Mexican Countryside, 1850-1990 Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1994.
"Women in World History : MODULE 9." Center for History and New Media. Web. 14 Mar. 2011. .
One of the problems that women faced was poor living conditions. They either slept on the ground or in tents. It was not until they knew they had found a productive area would they begin to build a log cabin. This was not much better because log cabins had dirty floors and did not have any window...
Tales of a Female Nomad provides a welcome reprieve from materialistic societies. This book can transport readers to places where self sufficiency is the standard. Many of her stories give a refreshing glimpse at what makes up true communities. These stories would horrify a xenophobe, but are peacefully enrapturing for those who hope for true freedom, emotionally, mentally and spiritually.