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Women during the Renaissance era
Women during the Renaissance era
Woman in renaissance
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The Renaissance is a period in Europe following the revival of classical ideas, art, and architecture. Although this time period underwent many liberal changes, the idea that women were intended to be subjects to men still remained. On the other hand, a few women of the time were able to break this mold of subjugation. One woman in particular, Isabella d’Este, created her own feminine “rebirth”. Isabella d’Este was the daughter of Ercole I d'Este, the Duke of Ferrara. Unlike most women during this time period, d’Este was provided educational opportunities equal to her male siblings. At the age of sixteen, she was said to have spoken fluent Greek and Latin along with possessing various musical and artistic abilities. She could also engage in political debates with well-respected and knowledgeable men. Her various talents led her to become a powerful and well-educated political figure, patron of the arts, and humanitarian. In 1490, d’Este married Francesco Gonzaga, and thus became the marchioness. In 1509, Francesco Gonzaga was captured as a prisoner of war. This required d’Este to take over the throne as the acting regent of Mantu. After defending the Mantua against French attacks in 1527 and offering aid and comfort to refugees, she …show more content…
This caused a conflict between the couple that resulted in d’Este’s trip to Rome. During d’Este’s trip to spend time in the court of Pope Leo X, she met and became a patron of many artists. Following her trip, she transformed Mantu into a cultural center after her idea to convert the ducal apartments into a museum. She supported painters such as, Mantegna, Titian, and Da Vinci. She often collaborated with writers, musicians, artist, and poets. There are even letters that provide us with rare women’s points of view on Renaissance Italy. Her life is documented by the talents she worked with. Isabella d’Este’s involvement in the arts is also viewed as a humanitarian
Men and women were held under drastically different expectations in Spain and the Spanish colonies in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. These set gender roles are effectively demonstrated through the life of Catalina de Erauso, who experienced the entire spectrum through her adventures as a transvestite in this time period. Opportunities and freedom in culture, politics and economy, and religion varied greatly between men and women. Men were capable of living out their lives independently and ambitiously. Women, on the other hand, were taught to be reliant and mild-mannered characters in the background. De Erauso shatters this idea of a woman’s role by fulfilling a life of adventure and power. In doing so, she briefly dispels the obligations of gender roles, if only for herself. Catalina de Erauso was a nun, a lieutenant, and a history-maker.
In the traditional political history of Italy the people outside of the ruling class of the society were rarely studied. Only with the use of social history did the issues of class and gender begin to be debated by scholars. Numerous recent articles have done a great job of analysing particularly men of high status. In this paper I will look at the lower classes of Renaissance Florence. More specifically, I will center my focus on the lives of women during this era, how they were treated and viewed by people of other classes and how women were viewed and treated by men.
The 17th and 18th centuries saw the embryonic stage of women’s quest for intellectual and social parity with men. The evolution of women’s fight for equal opportunities was bogged down by a long history of stereotyping and condescension. Women were weaker physically, bore children and nurtured them. The economics and culture of Europe at this time was strongly influenced by religion and resulted in prejudice against women. The dominating religions of Europe in the 1600’s and 1700’s (Catholicism and Protestantism), citing the bible, reinforced women’s roles as mother’s, wives, and homemakers. Women were considered the weaker sex both physically and mentally. Men and most women assumed that because women gave birth and produced milk for their infants, God intended that their place was in the home. Men’s egos, as well, did not allow for women to compete with them. Males thought their place was to rule, fight wars, provide income, teach and be the head of his family. Women were not accepted in academics, politics, church leadership, business, or the military. Despite these prejudices, women saw an opportunity in the sciences. As a discipline based on observations and deductive reasoning it did not necessarily require a comprehensive academic background. Since most women were deprived of the more advanced education that men received, it was the perfect field for them to begin their pursuit of equality. As a result, a growing number of women actively participated in scientific research in chemistry, astronomy, biology, botany, medicine, and entomology.
...stablished herself as an artist in the 17th century, thing that for a woman was not so trivial!
Naivety as well as the longing to fit into society with a loving man and stable, well-to-do peasant family deceived an honorable woman. Bertrande de Rols’ young marriage had difficulties from the start. With the guidance from family, the Catholic Church and Basque customs, Bertrande attempted to follow the sixteenth-century expectations for women, but was misled by her own fear, loneliness and catastrophic past.
Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E. "Do Women Need The Renaissance?" Gender & History 20.3 (2008): 539-557. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.
The term “renaissance man” describes an individual who excels in numerous areas and can do many things extremely well. Today, this description lends itself to both men and women who are both scholars and athletes, creative and industrious, and generally highly successful in all they do. While many modern “renaissance individuals” go quietly about their lives being exceptional yet unnoticed, the first renaissance man, Leonardo Da Vinci, made quite a stir and caught the attention and imagination of the fifteenth century world. In his own time, Da Vinci was a renowned artist, scientist and inventor who was celebrated by thinkers, artists and kings alike. And although he lived and worked more than six-hundred years ago, Da Vinci’s artistic and scientific genius continue to inspire and amaze.
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – 1652), daughter of a well-known Roman artist, was one of the first women to become recognized in her time for her work.. She was noted for being a genius in the world of art. But because she was displaying a talent thought to be exclusively for men, she was frowned upon. However by the time she turned seventeen she had created one of her best works. One of her more famous paintings was her stunning interpretation of Susanna and the Elders. This was all because of her father. He was an artist himself and he had trained her and introduced her to working artists of Rome, including Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. 1. In an era when women artists were limited to painting portraits, she was the first to paint major historical and religious scenes. After her death, people seemed to forget about her. Her works of art were often mistaken for those of her fathers. An art historian on Artemisia, Mary D. Garrard notes that Artemisia “has suffered a scholarly neglect that is unthinkable for an artist of her caliber.” Renewed and long overdue interest in Artemisia recently has helped to recognize her as a talented renaissance painter and one of the world’s greatest female artists. She played a very important role in the renaissance.
I support Cusick's argument that Caccini was a proto-feminist who, through her works for the Medici court, supported the rights of women, specifically, through her first and most recognized opera, La liberazione di Ruggiero dall’isola d’Alcina. In this opera, which is recognized as the first opera composed by a woman, Caccini illustrates a feminist approach to her composition, and makes musical statements about gender that support and reflect the joint reign of Christine and her daughter-in-law, Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria. Not only are the characters in the opera portraying strong and capable women, but also the music composed for the characters demonstrates the differences between men and women through musical elements, such as the usage of sharps and flats. Because of works such as these, Caccini plays a major role for the female gender in the early seventeenth century.
The English Renaissance was a time of great literature. The world was changing and people were exploring their boundaries. In a time of such opportunity, women were often excluded. For instance, it was very difficult for women to receive education. Even if they did, it was extremely difficult for them to be accepted as writers and nearly impossible to have their work published. Only a small number of women writers succeeded in having their works published because of the many social barriers.
The definition of Renaissance women is fundamentally important in William Shakespeare's play Othello. One of the major causes of Othello's tragedy is his belief that Desdemona is not chaste. According to the men of the Renaissance, chastity, silence, and obedience are three attributes that define Renaissance women. Although Othello takes place during the Renaissance, the women in the play, Bianca, Desdemona and Emilia, defy traditional norms by lacking at least one of the major attributes defining women; Bianca's lack of chastity is clearly displayed when she unlawfully sleeps with Cassio; Desdemona's lack of silence is clearly displayed when she constantly urges Othello to give Cassio's position back. However, in the last two acts, Emilia displays the strongest challenge to the definition of Renaissance women as silent, chaste, and obedient, mainly to defend Desdemona.
Florence, Italy was a city just like any other during the Renaissance. It was city of 50,000 people, less than there were in Paris and Venice but more than most other European cities. The busiest parts of the city were the Ponte Vecchio, a place lined with markets and houses, the neighborhood of the Orsanmichele and Mercato Vecchio, or the Old Market. Florence was a place of beauty and leisure. A Venetian visitor once said, “There is in my opinion no region more sweeter than that wherein Florence is a placed for Florence is situated in a plain surrounded on all sides by hills and mountains…And the hills are fertile cultivated, pleasant…” (Unger, pg. 1). Florence was a very prosperous city; it made fortunes off of wool and banking trades. A certain Florentine family contributed to the vast wealth as well. The Medici family was no doubt the foundation of prosperity for Florence.
Thus, we see that Catholicism provided women of Renaissance Italy great opportunities for learning. Even if such an education could take them only up to a point, since they had to learn within a religious, moral framework, it is still remarkable in that it provided early foundation for the development of female education in Europe.
“Wives be subject to your husbands as you are to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife just as Christ is the head of the church.”1 As the Renaissance came to a climax in Southern Europe during the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century, this Biblical verse was just one of many methods employed to place women under the control of men in society. The restrictions placed on women were in many respects a reflection of the changes sweeping society at the time, leading men to reemphasize a patriarchal order of society. As Europe moved beyond the chaos and confusion left in the wake of the Bubonic plague, it became critical to not only make a variety of changes but also to reinstate these changes within the previously existing social and political structures. In order to do this, men employed a variety of explanations and tactics to maintain the traditional social order. As Money, Money, Money indicates, during the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Renaissance, money, religion and authority were continually used by men as reasons and methods to restrict women in almost all areas of society regarding, the sumptuary laws, the patriarchal family, social opportunity, and marriage.
The social lives of people were greatly influenced by advancements in education during the Renaissance. More people then ever before were send to schools and educated. Schools for girls were built, and they were taught sewing, reading, writing, and dancing. Some of these schools even had teachers for singing and playing instruments. Upper class women were taught language, philosophy, theology and mathematics. But their education only prepared them for social life at home. Women lost political power, access to property and their role in shaping society.