Basically, windows and doors consist of two main components; frame and shutter. Frame is a structure composed of horizontal and vertical members which form an enclosure where shutters are fixed. Shutters can be defined as an openable part of door and window.
Window is an essential element in building. It can be define as an opening in a wall that allow the flow of air and light into the building. This will help to ventilate the building naturally, thus maximizing the thermal comfort even without the present of mechanical ventilation. Windows can be classified based on the nature of operational movements of shutters, materials used, manner of fixing and also its location.
The types of windows are: o Fixed window: Window with shutter that
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o Sliding window: Shutters can be moved horizontally or vertically. o Casement window: Window with shutters that is attached to its frame by hinges. o Sash window: Fixed with moveable panel that forms a frame to hold panes of glass. o Louvered window: Window with angled horizontal slats to allow light and air into the room
Doors can be defined as an opening barrier fixed in a wall opening which give access to a room and also to the building itself. Similar to window, doors can also be classified. Types of door depend on the basis of arrangement of components, the basis of construction method, working operation and materials used.
Doors that are classified on the basis of arrangement of components are: o Battened and ledged door
- Vertical board known as battens are nailed or screwed to horizontal members called ledges. This type of door has a better appearance compared to others. o Battened, ledged and braced door
- Braces are added by sloping it upward from the hinge edge of the door to prevent sagging o Battened, ledged and frame door
- Vertical members known as styles are provided which help improve battened and ledged
If you are concerned about safety, then consider the low height and transparent mesh side windows. The windows help ensure ventilation and airflow.
There are two primary categories for all windows, fixed and operable. The difference is simple, fixed windows don’t open and operable windows do. A large picture window is an example of a fixed window. You’ll generally find them in a family room, sunroom or other area to take advantage of the view or flood an area with bright, natural light. You can also use small inoperable windows in areas where you don’t need ventilation or egress, but still want to see outside or leverage natural light.
The principle behind the Gothic style was to reach greater interior heights. However, “medieval churches had solid stone vaults (the structure that supports the ceiling or roof). These were extremely heavy structures and tended to push the walls outward, which could lead to the collapse of the building. In turn, walls had to be heavy and thick enough to bear the weight of the stone vaults,” (“Gothic Art and Architecture”). Thus, the taller buildings such a churches would be more expensive to build and look bulky and ungainly, which doesn’t quite fit the style the clergy were aiming for. In response to this problem, master masons of the medieval period developed the iconic ribbed vault. This newly developed ribbed vault had several interesting characteristics. A ribbed vault was the conjunction of two or more barrel vaults. The vault itself was a collection of stone ribs traversing the vaulted ceiling and transporting the weight onto the ribs themselves. Also, instead of the traditional round arches, pointed arches were used. This gave the ceiling of Gothic buildings a light and more versatile look (Martindale). Not only did these ribbed vaults bring a (somewhat) unique look to cathedrals, they also served an incredibly vital part in the architectural design of Gothic structures. The Gothic structures’ “new arrangement significantly reduced the weight (and thus the outward thrust) of the ceiling vault,” which reduced the constant danger of collapse and cracking for the thick Romanesque walls when they tried to reach taller heights (“Gothic Architecture”). The ribs also “transmitted [weight] along a distinct stone rib, rather than along a continuous wall edge, and could be channeled from the rib to other supports, such as vertical piers or flying buttresses, which eliminated the need for solid, thick walls,” (“Gothic
...hey have entered the house, and then keeps it as you pass through the disappearing walls, pivoting doors, retractable stairs, and floating floors. It incorporates architecture, interior architecture and furniture design to create a total design that can be modified for different occupants. It truly is functional space.
Once you choose the type of garage door material that's best for you, you'll be ready to choose other options such as windows, color, and style of the door. With all the choices available, it's easy to find a door that suits your home and property
He also made another set of doors for the Baptistery. These bronze doors had 5 panels on
In the UK, Timber frame construction is based on factory made structural elements. The timber framed wall panels take the loads on the building to the foundations whilst the outer cladding provides embellishment and weather protection. Now depending on what cladding is to be used is totally up to the client/builder/architect as it is a matter of choice; it can be brick, stone or lightweight claddings, such as timber boarding, tile hanging or render.
Structures built using the Romanesque style of architecture include the use of rounded arches in their construction. These arches are known for being relatively durable and versatile in their use. Rounded arches resemble the shape of an upside down letter “u,” utilizing the semicircle at the top for structural integrity. These arches push weight outward to the left and right side, then downward. Rounded arches are visually simple and clean looking. However, they are unable to contribute to the building of extremely large structures. If they are constructed too tall, they will collapse under the weight of the building they are meant to support. Alternatively, Gothic architecture widely uses the pointed arch. Seen as a groundbreaking design at the time of its inception, pointed arches look exactly like they sound, with a pointed tip at the very top. They are favorable to rounded arches since they push weight directly downwards, allowing them to support heavier structures without buckling. These arches were capable of supporting the entire weight of the roof, meaning that the walls could be built significantly thinner than their Romanesque counterparts. Structural engineer and professor Mario Salvadori explains, “The main difference between Romanesque and Gothic arches lies in the pointed shape of the latter, which, besides introducing a new
You can choose from several styles and designs of replacement windows for your home. Double hung and casement provide an appealing look for your home. They offer good ventilation and easy cleaning. New panes have frames that come in various colors to fit your style. Improve the look and efficiency of your home with new glass panes.
Not long ago computers were non-existent in many homes. When computers were first introduced to the world, they were for the sole purpose of performing business functions. The only people who owned computers were large organizations. Eventually, computers were introduced into the homes of those who could afford to buy them. Today, just about everyone owns some form of system that they use daily to help manage their day-to-day operations. What many once survived without now seems impossible to do without. As technology continues to grow, it has a greater effect on families and the education system. Some companies such as Microsoft and Apple made it possible to reinvent a new form of technology that would change the world. Each company had some form of struggle and overtime had to keep up with the changes of time and the way people communicated. From the first day of its invention, organizations have had to steadily implement new operating systems to keep up with the demands of the people while staying afloat with competitors. The ways of life for many have changed as well as the way people communicate. It is evident that the history and uses of computers have changed the world but these computers could not perform without the operating systems. Various operating systems will be discussed, how they began and how they each changed since they were first introduced. Although, they all had a purpose each varied in how they performed and changed the lives of many and will continue in the near future.
Hitchcock makes sure to focus the attention to the specific people at specific times. The windows are being used as frames for the people within the apartments and this happens to ensure that the plot follows because of the fact that there are so many characters. Framing the community as a whole helps to focus the attention on the main issue happening during the film. The cutting from one window to another reinforces the sense of isolation. The ideal of having a perfect community with each neighbour opposes to voyeurism. Stella warns, “We’re a race of Peeping Toms. People ought to get out of their homes and look at themselves.” Thorwald is the only tenant who shows no concern for the death of the dog allowing for the dog’s death becomes further proof of Thorwald’s guilt. In Rear Window’s scene, Hitchcock clearly favours giving ambient sounds to each neighbour to further enhance their character. All of these noises that each character gives off is used as a way to connect each individual with one another. The sounds give life to the characters and to the community as a whole as it boosts the realism of the film’s setting. The bereaved mistress of the murdered dog denounces her neighbours or apartment society for not being a community. The set isolates individuals by having each character or couple appear in separate windows. The
The Victorian plan exhibits a cheaper residence with an ornate French roof. A French roof, also known as a Mansard roof, is characterized by two slopes on each of the four sides of the roof. The lower slope is so steep it can appear almost vertical while the upper slope is often almost horizontal and not easily viewable from the ground. A French roof provides more headroom on the upper level of the home than a traditional gable style roof. The roof itself is the most unique feature on the exterior of the home. The highest quality of slate provides a nice clean shinny finish. While the use of balustrade and cornice garishly furnish the roof. The balustrade gives the impression of a porch or terrace built upon the roof of the home. The cornice located at the bottom of the shingling provides a decorative ledge contrasting the slate roof from the homes siding. The roof also exhibits an archway above the middle second floor window, allowing for a decorative urn placed above the windo...
The horizontal window – The facade can be cut along its entire length to allow rooms to be lit equally.
Energy efficient windows have multiple layers of glass. The reason for this is because the more layers of glass you have the better it insulates the house. Three or four layers of glass are one of the best because you have more airspace in between layers.
The theories of the window and frame had its origins in the schools of formalism and realism. Both schools main objective was to amplify the prestige of film. During that era of film was an upstart sideshow attraction, high class form of entertainment was the theater and the visual art forms of paintings and statues. Both schools saw cinema as a way of looking a through an aperture but keeping the audience at a distance from the subject on the screen. Whether looking through at frame or looking through a window the audience would be viewing the subject matter but they would only be able to absorb it. That’s where the similarities end the formalist lead by theorist Sergei Eisenstein saw film as frame and would create shock in an attempt to provoke or raise consciousness. Sergei Eisenstein would create what he wanted to the audience to see in his films. For example in the Battleship Potemkin Eisenstein wanted to address the situation with Russia and he created the situation in his film to incite a revolution by creating chaos. The realism school lead by André Bazin saw cinema as window. To Bazin a spectator would be apart of the film as more of a witness more than just a spectator. In the movie Rear Window Jefferies was witness to his neighbor wife murder while looking through window because while looking through a window what one sees is real.