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Analysis of death of a salesman by Arthur Miller
Discuss Willy Loman as a tragic hero in the play Death of a Salesman
Analysis of death of a salesman by Arthur Miller
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Almost all texts have a hero in them. Many texts also have a tragic hero. Aristotle had is own ideas about tragedies and tragic heros. Gerald Else tells us that Aristotle believed a tragedy should depict, “the downfall of a noble hero or heroine, usually through some combination of hubris, fate, and the will of the gods.” William Shakespeare is very famous for his tragedies and tragic heroes in many of his plays. Another play writer that is famous for his use of tragic heroes would be Arthur Miller. Arthur Miller has written many famous tragic plays such as Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman, in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, is a tragic hero because of his aspirations to be great, his tragic flaws, and his tragic downfall In Arthur Miller’s …show more content…
Willy strives to make money in this story but is largely unsuccessful. He is also very insecure so he turns to lies and his life spirals downward. Willy commits suicide in the end. Donald Smith states that Willy was, “still harboring misguided hopes about success for Biff. It seems Willy would rather kill himself than accept the fact that really, honestly, all his son wants is some shirtless sweaty time in Midwestern haystacks.” Which is why Willy committed suicide. Willy was also a kind of lost man with the wrong dreams. Biff even said after Willy’s suicide, “He had all the wrong dreams. All, all wrong….He never knew who he was.” Willy had the wrong dreams and didn’t know who he was which is also lead to his downfall. So, Willy Loman, in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, is a tragic hero because of his aspirations to be great, his tragic flaws, and his tragic downfall. Tragic heroes are very important to many texts such as Willy was to Death of a Salesman. Victor Perry explains that a tragic hero, “shows a magnified version of the consequences of that fatal flaw, as a hero 's life can be 'writ large '.” Audience members can oftentimes relate to these tragic heroes which also adds to their importance. They connect the audience to the
In ‘Death of a salesman,’ Miller uses Willy to depict the common man who “is as apt a subject for tragedy in its highest sense as kings were.” Willy is a character whom is referred to as a “tragic hero” because he has been suppressed by society from succeeding as a salesman, and has been forced to “put thirty-four years into this firm … and now I can’t pay my insurance!” This idea ...
In Arthur Miller’s essay about “Tragedy and the Common Man,” he argues that the common man is as appropriate a subject for tragedy as the very highly placed kings and noble men. Mankind keeps tragedy above all forms because they are given the same mental abilities as the nobles. In “Death of a Salesman”, Willy Loman is a common man and a middle class worker, enough saving to provide food for his family. So if the tragic hero can be a common man, does Willy fit in that category? Even though he is a common man he fails to live up to the standards of being a tragic hero because he never accepts nor admits to his own errors. He, therefore, loses his dignity. One of his biggest errors is his failure of be a good father.
In the book Death of A Salesman, author Arthur Miller shows how cruel life can be through the life of Willy Loman, the main character. His feelings of guilt, failure, and sadness result in his demise.
At the beginning of the play it is evident that he cannot determine the realities of life, and so he repeatedly contradicts himself to establish that his conclusion is correct and opinion accepted. These numerous contradictions demonstrate that Willy is perturbed of the possibility that negative judgements may come from others. Willy strongly believes that “personality always wins” and tells his sons that they should “be liked and (they) will never want”. In one of Willy’s flashbacks he recalls the time when his sons and him were outside cleaning their Chevy. Willy informs Biff and Happy the success of his business trips and how everyone residing in Boston adores him. He mentions that due to the admiration of people he does not even have to wait in lines. He ultimately teaches his sons that being liked by others is the way to fulfilling one’s life and removing your worries. These ideals, that one does not need to work for success, demonstrate Willy’s deluded belief of achieving a prosperous life from the admiration and acceptance of others. This ultimately proves to be a false ideology during his funeral, when an insufficient amount of people arrive. Willy constantly attempts to obtain other’s acceptance through his false tales that depict him as a strong, successful man. In the past, he attempts to lie to his wife, Linda, about the amount of wealth he has attained during his
BIFF: I am not a leader of men, Willy, and neither are you. You were never anything but a hard-working drummer who landed in the ash can like all the rest of them”(Miller 132). Someone is finally telling Willy how people see him and that he needs to get his head out of the clouds. He has to be told that he lives a humble life and will never be a big name. What pushes him over the edge is that he is being told this by his own son. Willy knows Biff loves him because he tells him the truth about who he is. That is when Willy is finally at peace and makes the decision to kill himself, for his family.
Arthur Miller, the author of the essay titled “Tragedy and the Common Man” examines the definition of tragedy. Miller was also the playwright of “Death of a Salesman” which psychologically exploits a common man attempting to encapture the American dream. Miller’s theory pushes the limitation on the ideal of a tragic hero examined in these two pieces of literature. The following paragraphs will evaluate characteristics of a protagonist character named Willy Loman, examining his status in society, shortcomings and his choice to sacrifice his own life for his dignity.
Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller provides us of the story of Willy Loman, with his deteriorating mental health and dealing with problems in his family. Tragedy according to Aristotle is, “the imitation of a aaction that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself; in appropriate and pleasurable language; in a dramatic rather than narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions.” In a simple sentene a tragedy is a literary character who makes a judgement error that inevitably leads to his/her destruction. This play is a tragedy because the main character, Willy Loman, killing himself after his son finding out about his mistress and losing his job. Another reason this play is a tragedy because of Willy not having enough money to pay bills, leaving his wife, to pay them and placing his sons into this false reality
Alistair Deacon from As Time Goes By once said that, “The people in the book need to be people.” The main character in a story or in a play always has to be somewhat likeable or relatable. Who doesn’t like to feel like they can relate to their favorite character in a story? In many cases the authors of stories or books always try to make the reader feel like they are not the only ones with problems or going through a crazy situation. Wanting the reader to become engaged in the characters' conflicts is what they aim for. In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, many people were gripped by Willy Loman’s, the main character, problems because they too struggle with many of the conflicts that Willy faces. Willy could not keep his life together, failing to see reality and pursuing the wrong dream, with a wrong viewpoint, ended up causing others around him and himself to hurt.
What throws Willy over the edge is when Biff cries at his feet, and Willy realized that Biff loves him. Years of living with guilt of cheating on his wife, being a fake, and so much regret is finally resolved after fifteen years. Willy thought killing himself would be the best thing for Biff, since it would give him twenty thousand dollars. Willy wanted his son to use that money to be happy and become a success story like his brother Ben, who walked into a jungle at seventeen and walked out millionaire. Willy feels that his son deserves that kinds of instant success. He could not give his son anything while he was alive. Willy gave everything for Biff. Willy sold his brother, Ben’s, diamond watch to help Biff out. Unfortunately, Biff did not do anything with his father’s help when he could help. Willy could not help, which destroy him, since he loves Biff too much. Willy came to the conclusion that he needed to make the ultimate sacrifice by killing himself, so Biff could have the insurance money. Willy wanted his son to be
Willy Loman’s character in Death of a Salesman portrays him as a tragic hero. Willy Loman continued to want recognition and his reputation, but never forgets about his family. These characteristics describe him as a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman’s tragic flow leads him to pursue the idea that reputation in society has more relevance in life than knowledge and education to survive in the business. His grand error of wanting recognition drove him crazy and insane and led to his tragic death.
The standards for a tragic hero were set by Aristotle many years ago. In his book The Poetics, Aristotle argues that a tragic hero must be in the middle of being good and bad, and a tragic hero must cause his own downfall because of acting in blindness. Furthermore a tragic hero must be greater than the common man .Willy Loman has all the qualities that by Aristotle standards, would define him as a tragic hero, except for one. Willy Loman is not king or any kind of nobility, he is just an ordinary person. In Arthur Miller essay “Tragedy of the common man “he states “I believe that the common man is as apt a subject for a tragedy in its highest sense as kings were” (Miller 1). Willy Loman is a tragic hero, just Oedipus, who to Aristotle was the perfect example of a tragic hero. Willy has many of Aristotle principles, Willy was the middle kind of personage, and he has a “tragic flaw” that ended up in his downfall. The fact that Willy was not nobility, does not take away the feeling of pity and fear, in fact it strengthen those feelings.
The tragic hero is defined by Aristotle as "a great man who is neither a paragon of virtue and justice nor undergoes the change to misfortune through any real badness or wickedness but because of some mistake” (Aristotle n. pag.). There are a few principles that Aristotle believes to form a tragic hero: the protagonist should be a person of power and nobility, who makes a major error in judgment and eventually comes to realization of his or her actions (Aristotle n. pag.). In Arthur Millers’ play, Death of a Salesman, he has twisted Aristotle’s belief of a tragic hero, and has created his own. Although Miller has twisted Aristotle’s belief, Sophocles’ play, Oedipus Rex, has a tragic hero (Oedipus) that follows the flaws, dignity, and acknowledgment of the truth that Aristotle believes in to make a tragic hero. It is essential for them to recognize their position and role in the play. Due to the fact that Willy Loman and Oedipus experience tragic flaws throughout their respected plays, they both have nobility, and they both realize the fact (anagnorisis) that they made an error in their life (hamartia). Through their fatal mis-steps, their pride and ego, predominately affect their familial lives, which in turn causes them to realize the truth that they are tragic heroes.
Willy's search to find his mistakes of his life failed because, even though he found out what happened to Biff, he did not search for the right thing: his identity. Willy found out that his affair made Biff envision his father as a fake and phony, but he did not realize that a salesman was not the right job for him. When Willy died, no one came to his funeral (Act II. Scene I). This just showed that Willy was not the man he thought he was. He thought he was a great salesman with an unlimited amount of friends, but, when he died, no one was at his funeral but his family (Act II. Scene I). It showed that Willy was just a simple craftsman, who only needed attention and love from his family, and did not need fame or to be well-known ("Arthur Miller and Others," 311-314)
Willy is a salesman. Willy believes that success comes from being well liked and popular and has tried desperately to instill his notions to his two boys Happy and Biff, Willy's biggest aspirations in life. His wife Linda is extremely supportive and is Willy's only connection to reality. While raising his boys and trying to instill his "American Dream", he fails to teach them any sense of morality, leading them down to what he feels is the wrong path. At one point, he defended Biff for stealing just because he was an amazing football player.
Willy Loman, the main character in Death of a Salesman is a complex tragic character. He is a man struggling to hold onto the little dignity he has left in a changing society. While society may have caused some of his misfortune, Willy must be held responsible for his poor judgment, disloyalty and foolish pride.