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Maya civilization, literature review
Maya,inca and aztec societies
Maya civilization, literature review
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Although, hydraulics are known to be used as far back as the Hellenistic age, the Proper named father of hydraulics is William George Armstrong. Hydraulics systems work in a very simple and easy to understand way. Force that is applied at one point is transmitted to another point using an incompressible fluid. When Force acts on a small area it can create a much larger force by acting on a larger area by virtue of hydrostatic pressure, Allowing large amounts of energy to be carried by a small flow of highly pressurized fluid. The benefit of a hydraulic system is that force multiplication/division can easily be added to the system.Often times a hydraulic system uses some type of oil although other fluids can be used. The two laws of physics that apply to hydraulics are Bernoulli's law and Pascal’s Law . Bernoulli's law states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. Pascal's law or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure variations remain the same. In ancient times the Mayans built ancient hydraulic systems in the underground Piedras Bolas aqueduct that routed water from a spring into Palenque. Untamed streams would gobble valuable real estate, so the Maya built limestone conduits to rout water through the city. Hydraulic systems are now used in a variety of ways. A perfect example of this is the brakes on your car. They are a simple basic Hydraulic system. Using only on basic piston to drive the whole system...
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...rs. These technological accomplishments include the construction of tools that are harder than iron; the invention of high strength durable materials of construction including the development of liquid-related cement for producing cast-in-place concrete; the development of the Maya arch as a structural mechanism to create multi-story and clear span structures, made higher concrete paved roads; long-span bridges, and advanced water management ways of doing things that allowed the Maya city-based people to survive in a seasonal desert environment. Archaeologists consider the Maya to be a Stone Age Culture. They continue to focus on this cultural label because the Maya did not use tools of iron or bronze. Their use of specialized jade tools, which are harder than iron, should provide a positive reasons to provide a new name based on their technological accomplishments.
A few examples of the Mayan’s achievements were their trade routes, understanding of numbers and their architecture. In the article it was said the, “ Everything was carried by hand or boat.” (Document A, Box 1) The Manyan trade routes were remarkable because they were so genius. They had
The need for a steady supply of water affected the technological developments of ancient societies in a number of ways. The first is that it affected the placement and structure of ancient cities and structures as shown in Source 8 (44), 9 (45), and 11 (46). Source 8, Sima Qian’s Description of the Building of the Zhengguo Canal, ca. 100 B.C.E., discusses the rivalry between the Han and the Chinn, which were both located along the Ching River for easy access to water. Source 9, Suetonius’s Description of the Water Projects Undertaken by Emperor Claudius (r. 41-54 C.E.), talks of how Claudius filled his city with water by using an aqueduct and making a drainage canal, completely modifying the city and the usage of water in it. Source 11, Frontinus’s Discussion of Rome’s Water System, tells of making extraordinarily high arches to get water to the upper parts of Rome so that the rich districts could simplify the process of getting water. Next is that it caused larger and more complex structures to be built which we can see by comparing different sources, for example Source 3 (43) and Source 6 (43) the technological advancement is easily seen, the Shaduf only allowed on...
The most remarkable achievement of the Maya was their calendar. Every Mayan achievement listed, however, are very remarkable in their own right. Remnants of the Mayan society are still seen throughout our world today from all four of their discussed achievements. One could have an ethnocentric denial of the sheer remarkability of the advancements of the Maya because of some of the advancements of the Western World at that time period, however, the Maya achieved feats that the Western World could not even fathom. In fact, much of Maya architecture, such as their pyramids, cannot even be replicated today. The Mayan civilization may have physically declined centuries ago, but their concepts and principles will forever keep the Maya alive.
...e this engineers could have a back up system that would be able to pump out the liguid, one that could use the water as a power source. The engineers could try to make the walls near the water line stronger to prevent flooding. There also should have been a way to detach the drill string that would be more convenient
The Maya didn’t discover metallurgy until late in the Classic period and used it only to produce jewelry and decorations for the elite. Artists and their numerous assistants cut and filled the stones used for palaces, pyramids, and housing, aided only by levers and stone tools. Each wave of construction represented the mobilization of thousands of laborers.
Today the Roman arch is one of the most innovative tools that we have borrowed and perfected from the Romans. “During construction, arches are often supported by a wooden frame. When the frame is removed, both sides of the arch press against the keystone and thereby support the arch.” The Greeks and Romans started using aqueducts, which is where we got the idea of pipelines to distribute water. Aqueducts were constructed by building large bridge like structure that sloped slightly towards the destination it was going to. We borrowed that idea and now use pipes that are pressurized and push the water towards where it is
Bernoulli’s principle is the concept that as the speed of a moving fluid (liquid or gas) increases, the pressure within that fluid decreases. This principle was originally formulated in 1738 by the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, it states that the total energy in a steadily flowing ...
It was also during the Preclassic period that the Maya developed a greater interest in art and began some degree of manufacturing. A number of Preclassic Maya pottery and clay figures that were fired in primitive kilns survive to this day. Many of these clay and pottery artifacts, that are well over four thousand years old, give us clues as to their origin and purpose. Indicators as to how advanced their technology is. The process of using buildings as a means of recording history had also begun to develop during the Maya Preclassic era.
When agriculture gradually began to develop, so did the appearance of basic pottery. The Maya developed this early pottery in simple design using a type of ceramics called "swasey." This type of pottery is relatively simple in form and predominantly red in color. These ceramic artifacts are what help us date these settlements specifically to the early preclassic era, the dawn of Maya society.
when we direct water to our supplies. With the use of machinery and pipes, we can tap
In the fertile valleys or high plateaus the Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs built communities and villages practicing sedentary lifestyles. They had for the most part “permanent, intensive agriculture.” (Lane and Restall 2012) This allowed them to produce complex foods that benefitted the villages because it made them possible but it also resulted in social stratification. “Agricultural activities of the majority allowed a minority to live and work as artisans, merchants, warriors, nobles and royalty – permitting the development of writing, metallurgy, bureaucracy, and other features of high civilization.” More specifically, the Mayans were able to create the most complete of the three Mesoamerican writing systems, “one that was still used in the early sixteenth century.” (Lane and Restall 2012) They were also able to expand, but their expansion would also be their demise. Because they were so large -- filled with regional kingdoms and empires -- the Spanish were easily able to conquer
The Mayans were known for their engineering, one structure they were famous for is their pyramid temple
People have been using hydropower for centuries. Farmers have used water wheels to grind wheat into flour. They were usually placed by some source of water like a river. Then the water wheel picks up water that is flowing by buckets that are around the wheel.
The Maya culture has a long history that started in about 1000 BC. The history of the Maya is divided up into four different time periods: The Middle Preclassic Period, Late Preclassic Period, Classic Period, and Postclassic Period. The Middle Preclassic Period was when the small areas started to become city-like in the way that they started to build larger temples. The Late Preclassic Period was when the cities began to expand with paved roads and massive pyramids. The Classic Period was the time the Maya civilization hit it’s peak. Populations were growing rapidly and the structure of politics was formed. The Postclassic Period was when warfare was on the rise and cities were being abandoned(Coe 2005). This paper will focus on the Classic Period due to the fact that that is the greatest time period in Maya history.
The principles of steam powered machines have been around for thousands of years, although the first practical