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The collapse of the Weimar Republic
Reason for the munich putsch
The collapse of the Weimar Republic
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The Munich Putsch on November 8 to the 9, 1923 was an attempt to overthrow the Weimar government, it was led by the Nazi party leader Hitler. Hitler had found an opportunity to convince and trigger people to follow his plan, by claiming it he would change everything, as the country had been in debt to repay the reparations, which the government had agreed to, this caused Germans to be upset and angry. These were not the only reason, as Germany at the time was also struggling to deal with hyperinflation which began to affect the citizens lives majorly, as they were unable to afford anything and the prices increased by the second, most of the middle class had been the main victims as they lost all of their savings. The occupation of the Ruhr had contributed to Germans’ devastation as they were extreme nationalists who were forced to give up a part of their land that was a main source of industry though after 15 The citizens of the Ruhr could vote to join France or return to Germany this was still not an ideal situation. The Nazi party was at its peak stronger than ever with 55,000 members.
Hitler
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His book, as well as him creating headlines in the newspaper, contributed to a larger following and fame that he had gained. During the 9 months spent in prison, Hitler had learnt many lessons concerning his next strategic moves in order to become the leader of Germany though it would not be simple. He also realised he needed the support of the army and business. The army had refused to support Hitler in the Munich Putsch, resulting in its failure. When he was released from prison he won the support of the army by reassuring them that he would not begin a future war in Germany if he got into power, he promised to deal with Communists and expand the army. He won the support of the business community by telling them he would reduce the power of workers and weaken trade
Exploring the Reasons Behind Public's Discontent with the Weimar Government There were a number of reasons why the German people were unhappy with the Weimar government. One of the main reasons for this was the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. The result of this was that Germany has to take the war guilt, Germany had to pay reparations of 6,600 million marks to the allies in particular France, Germany lost its colonies, it lost its air force & tanks, and its soldiers were restricted to 100,000. The Ruhr was demilitarised. Also they lost their colonies and its land was cut up such as the Polish Corridor and Alsace Lorraine.
It wasn't long before the chancellor of Germany was dead, and Hitler had successfully obtained power of the county he supposedly loved so much. RIGHT off the bat Hitler started inforcing his racist laws upon the country, also releasing a list of undesirables that were not wanting within the boundaries of Germany. The German population had fallen into his subduing will for power and superiority and followed in his footsteps to start hating the people that had brought them to the level they were at after the first World War. The undesirable life in Germany was horrible, and got worse every day. The night that nobody in the great country will forget is the night of broken glass.... ...
Munich Beer Hall Putsch During the night of November 8th 1923 Hitler and his storm troopers
In 1922 the government declared that they could no longer pay reparations to France due to severe economic problems. The French responded to this by sending 60,000 French and Belgian troops to invade the Ruhr. They took most of Germany’s raw materials, the government called for the workers to carry out passive resistance; the workers in Germany refused to collaborate with the French. Consequently industrial production ground to a halt. Many in Germany blamed the government for the invasion of the Ruhr as it was the government who signed the treaty which meant they had to pay large reparations to France. Already the government was facing unpopularity with some Germans. After the invasion of the Ruhr, industrial production decreased dramatically so industries and factories shut down. This meant that unemployment rose. Consequently poverty in Germany rose too. The government decided to print more money to give to the people. As more and more was printed prices rose higher and higher and then more money had to be printed to meet the increasing prices. As a result money became worthless. This was the second problem the Weimar Republic faced; hyperinflation. Although the wages rose the prices always seemed to rise faster this meant that many people’s income was too low to live on. Most people suffered from the hyperinflation, and were extremely fed up with how the government had printed more money. It wasn’t just the fact that all their life savings could now only buy them a loaf of bread but it was also that it was degrading and it was humiliating: the German mark and economy had become worthless. Before Stresemann the Weimar Republic was facing unpopularity amongst most people, without Stressemann the Weimar Republic might not have seen 1924.
When Stresemann had taken over he had helped Germany by reducing Hyper-Inflation and the economic problems that she had. The Nazi's didn't have enough supporters. Hitler had thought that people would just come and join in helping them take over the putsch. Hitler and Ludendorff had assumed that they wouldn't be shot at. Ludendorff had let von Khar and Lossow leave the beer hall.
The general public of Germany had never had any say in political matters; they allowed the Kaiser to make all the decisions regarding themselves and their once-prosperous country. The groups controlling Germany began to change during October and November 1918. More power began to fall into the hands of the people as they realised the blame for their involvement in the war was the Kaiser’s. People such as the armed soldiers, sailors and workers started protesting and going on strike. This was a far cry from before the war, when Germany was wealthy, proud and ambitious. So for a brief period, it seemed that a revolution would take place, with the people of Germany wanting a social and political revolution.
German workers in the Ruhr went on strike when French troops occupied the areas and the government began to point more money in order to pay the strikers. This, couple with the rapid devaluation of the German mark caused enormous economic difficulties on the form of hyperinflation which Hitler, again thought he could take advantage of.
Hitler got everything he wanted for so long, without even having to resort to force. Lukacs describes Hitler as ''being an amateur at generalship, but he posessed the great professional talent applicable to all human affairs: an understanding of human nature and the understanding of the weaknesses of his opponents. That was enough to carry him very far''(3). Lukacs wants to make that a point in all of his readers' minds; that Hitler could manipulate people so he could get what he wanted without resorting to violence. Of course, the threat of violence was always present but Hitler was smart enough that he could scare his enemies enough that they would not want to engage in combat.
Another reason why Hitler was able to rise to power was due to the failure of the Munich Putsch of November 1923. At his trial, Hitler gained enormous publicity, which made him well known. He spent only nin... ... middle of paper ... ... office before he would do whatever he said.
The main reason was that people were discomposed that Germany had lost a war and most of the people blame for the defeat. On the other hand, during 1929-1933, the worldwide Great Depression, which impacted Germany, and there was no leader of Weimar could solve the economic problem.
In the aftermath of WWI, Germany was thoroughly humiliated. The propaganda put out by the German government assured its citizens that Germany was crushing its opposition- the English, French, and Americans. Germany was defeated on the field of battle, however, which caused the German people great shock. As a consequence of this defeat, on July 18, 1919, Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, causing further emotional turmoil in Germany due to the terms of the Treaty. The Treaty forced the German army to surrender their armaments and topped it off with massive financial penalties which greatly damaged the German economy. The German commanders quickly claimed it was not their fault, but the Jews, communists, and left-wing politicians ...
The Failure of the Munich Putsch in November of 1923 I believe that the military failure of the Munich Putsch was quite insignificant, since the party made a serious of political gains as a result of the putsch. At the time of the Putsch the Nazi Party was growing and had over 55,000 members. It was in he unique position of having both Socialists and Nationalists under the same political banner. The Rhur crisis had gained the Nazis a lot of support, and with effective propaganda they became a leading force in anti-allie occupation politics. However it would be wrong to state hat they enjoyed positive election results, and in fact they won very few seats in the many elections that were held over that period.
In about 1923 Adolf Hitler's attempt at an armed overthrow of local authorities in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch, failed miserably. Hitler, were subsequently jailed and charged with high treason. However, Hitler used the courtroom at his public trial as a propaganda platform, ranting for hours against the Weimar government.
six months. While in prison, he began writing his book Mein Kamph (My Struggle). When Hitler was released from prison, he quickly found out that the Nazi party membership has fallen drastically. The party was no longer allowed to have private and public meetings and Hitler could no longer speak in public. Hitler was determined to bring the Nazi party back together. The party began to grow slowly and in secret, and after the stock market crash hundreds and soon thousands joined each month due to the public rallies produced by Hitler. With his popularity growing at an outrageous speed, Hitler decided to take over the whole country. Before the elections, he launched a major propaganda campaign. He soon won a seat in the Reichstag, German congress. Hitler had a chance at becoming Chancellor, but was beat out by the previous Chancellor, Charles Bruning. Now the Nazi was official the second largest party in the country, next to the Communist.
Hitler believed “ Führer, the idea that there should be a single leader with complete power rather than a democracy” (Nazi Beliefs) and that there should be a strong government with control of media. “He gained financial and political suport of buisnessmen and industrials.” (Hitler’s Main Beliefs) Hitler tried to overthrow the government and had to go on trial. The treason trial that should of stopped him from trying to be a political leader, instead gave him national attention. After Hitler was