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Essay about history in the philippines
Reflection about the history of the Philippines
Essay about history in the philippines
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Some of the first Filipinos to come to Hawai‘i were the sakadas or contract laborers who arrived in 1906 to work on the sugar plantations. Since then, Filipinos became the state’s fastest growing ethnic minority. The primary reasons for the Filipinos’ rapid growth are “continuous immigration from the Philippines and high birth rates in the Filipino community.” Annually, about 3,500 immigrants come to Hawai‘i from the Philippines, most of whom are children (“A Brief History”). About 25.1% of the state of Hawai‘i’s population, which is about 342,095 people, are of Filipino descent (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). The three most significant groups of Filipinos in Hawai‘i are Ilokanos (also spelled “Ilocano”) who come from Northern Luzon in the Philippines, Visayans who come from the southern Philippines, and Tagalogs. Of these three groups, Ilokanos are the most numerous making up at least 85% of Filipinos in Hawai‘i (“A Brief History”).
With a large number of Filipinos in Hawai‘i, it is important to know how to communicate with them. One of the national languages of the Philippines is Filipino, which is based on Tagalog. However, Ilokano speakers are the majority of Hawai‘i’s Filipinos (“A Brief History”). Ilokano language courses are offered in some of the University of Hawai‘i campuses, and the only public school in the United States that offers Ilokano courses is Farrington High School on O‘ahu (U.H. Mānoa 10). Ilokano language courses should be made available in public schools in Hawai‘i so all students can have an opportunity to learn Ilokano. Offering Ilokano language courses in Hawai‘i’s public schools will teach students a skill that will be useful in Hawaiian society, help increase academic interest and success of ...
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...pine Studies. Web. 20 Oct. 2011.
Nadal, Kevin L. Filipino American Psychology: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. 9, 21. Print.
Tanji, Melissa. "Students From Michigan Interview Maui Sakadas." The Maui News. The Maui News, 7 June 2006. Web. 30 Nov. 2011.
University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Requesting the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa And The Department Of Education To Develop, Offer and Expand Philippine Language Courses. Rep. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.
U.S. Census Bureau. "Island of Maui Filipino Population by Census Tracts: 2010 (Race Alone or in Combination)." Map. Hawaii.gov. Hawaii State Office of Planning. Web. 20 Oct. 2011.
Zialcita, Fernando N. Authentic Though Not Exotic: Essays on Filipino Identity. Quezon City, Philippines: Anteneo De Manila UP, 2005. 8-9, 25. Print.
Ii, John Papa., Mary Kawena Pukui, and Dorothy B. Barrère. Fragments of Hawaiian History. Honolulu: Bishop Museum, 1983. Print.
Dr. Stanley Sue is an Asian American clinical psychologist whose research focus is on Asian American minorities. Dr. Sue was born in Portland, Oregon and was the third of six children to his Chinese immigrant parents. As a child “his first career ambition was to repair televisions, but soon he got bored with shop classes. Then, he developed great fascination with psychotherapy and the idea of helping emotionally disturbed individuals (Rockwell 2001).” Dr. Sue recalled, “I told my parents that I wanted to become a clinical psychologist, not fully knowing what a clinical psychologists did (Rockwell 2001).” He also remembered what his father said and thought after making this declaration: “My father, who was born in China, said, ‘What is that?’ He couldn’t believe that people would pay me to listen to their problems – indeed, he wondered if I could make a decent living (Rockwell 2001).”
The Hawaiian culture is known throughout the western world for their extravagant luaus, beautiful islands, and a language that comes nowhere near being pronounceable to anyone but a Hawaiian. Whenever someone wants to “get away” their first thought is to sit on the beach in Hawai’i with a Mai tai in their hand and watch the sun go down. Haunani-Kay Trask is a native Hawaiian educated on the mainland because it was believed to provide a better education. She questioned the stories of her heritage she heard as a child when she began learning of her ancestors in books at school. Confused by which story was correct, she returned to Hawai’i and discovered that the books of the mainland schools had been all wrong and her heritage was correctly told through the language and teachings of her own people. With her use of pathos and connotative language, Trask does a fine job of defending her argument that the western world destroyed her vibrant Hawaiian culture.
While walking down the beach, the white, warm sand mushes between your toes. The sun’s radiant rays beam off your glowing skin. The sound of waves crashing blocks out the external world. There is no other place like the gorgeous tropical islands of Hawaii. The wide range of flowers, cuisine, and wildlife makes it one of the most picturesque places on Earth. It also leads the United States with the highest racial minority rate making it the most diverse state. However, there are numerous hidden dangers of Hawaii, and not all ethnic groups get along causing sharp tensions across the island.
Theme three focuses on the Filipinos use of culture as a resistance or domination. In this context, Filipino culture and tradition is used as a method of maintain Filipino identity while resisting assimilation into the concept of ‘whiteness’. Specifically speaking, Filipino culture is used as a tool to point out the flaws they see in American culture. Additionally, it is a tool they use to steer their children away from the temptation of acting in a way that American culture is said to act; that is,
...e" (Trask xix). This incident beautifully illustrates and signifies tourism's impact in American society. Like most Americans, this woman uses a discourse that has been shaped by tourist advertisements and souvenirs. The woman's statement implies that Trask resembles what the tourist industry projects, as if this image created Hawaiian culture. As Trask asserts, Hawaiian culture existed long before tourism and has been exploited by tourism in the form of advertisements and items such as postcards. Along with the violence, endangered environment, and poverty, this exploitation is what the tourist industry does not want to show. However, this is the Hawai'i Haunani-Kay Trask lives in everyday. "This is Hawai'i, once the most fragile and precious of sacred places, now transformed by the American behemoth into a dying land. Only a whispering spirit remains" (Trask 19).
...ion in Australian schools: national plan for languages education in Australian schools 2005–2008. Retrieved 14, 2011, from http://www.curriculum.edu.au/verve/_resources/languageeducation_file.pdf
...Hawai`i’s economy is very dependent on tourism, however many locals are possessive of their land, and as they stereotype tourists, many do not accept others as they have a unity for their own. Numerous individuals feel the desideratum to fit the local stereotype because they prefer not to be labeled as a “haole”. It becomes tough and rather intense for an individual, because becoming haole betokens that you forgot and disregarded the local or Hawaiian quality values and ways of routes, as well as the flowing stream of life in the islands. We need to remind ourselves that regardless of where we emanate from, our skin tone, race, physical characteristics, and so forth, everybody ought to acknowledge just for who we/they are and treat one another like 'ohana and show "aloha", and subsequently, we can determinately verbally express "This is it. This is Paradise" (33).
Jovik, Sonia P. and James O. Jovik. (1997). “History.” Atlas of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, p.408.
Morishima, James, K. "The Evacuation: Impact on the Family." Asian- Americans Psychological Perspectives. Ed. Stanley Sue, Ph.D., Nathaniel N. Wagner, Ph.D. California: Science and Behavior Books, Inc., 1973. 13- 19.
Bentley demonstrates the relationship between patterns of practice and sensations of ethnic affinity by the example of a Marano woman who has struggled with a sense of ambivalent ethnicity: "…a feeling that she is neither here nor there but instead limited in a system [Philippine social context] of categorical identities" (Bentley 1987: 29). Soraya’s experience illustrates the value of the theory of practice. Sensations of ethnic affinity are founded on common life experience and of the preconscious habitus it generates that gives members of an ethnic group their sense of being familiar to each other (Bentley 1987: 33).
The use of two languages, one of which is English, as mediums of instruction for the same pupil population in a well-organized program, which encompasses all, or part of the curriculum and includes the study of the history and culture associated with the mother tongue. A complete program develops and maintains the children’s self-esteem and a legitimate pride in both cultures. (Blanco 1977, p.123).
To compare with Asian ethnic groups in mainland and Hawaii, the obvious difference was that Asian ethnic groups were the main labor source of plantation in Hawaii. However, by the early 20th century, immigrants who lived in mainland had their associations. The association provided needed service that immigrants could not get elsewhere. For example, the first labor firm established to help Issei found housing and job. The primary job in Hawaii was plantation and had limited social life. However, immigrants in mainland could do farming, business, and railway construction, and they had different social club that could go to have fun at weekend. Also, in order to help immigrants to adapting to a new land, they established language schools, patriotic
Lee, Peter . 2000. "The conception of depression in Chinese American college students." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic minority Psychology 6: 183-195.