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The conscription crisis consequences
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The Selective Service: A Backwards Vestige of An Era Past
The United States purports to hold the ideal that all people are entitled to certain inalienable rights, the most fundamental of which is that to life. However, never are principles tested so strenuously as during times of conflict and crisis, and it is here that the resolve of the United States to truly protect its citizens deteriorates entirely. Despite claiming to honor its citizens' lives, the US government maintains a wartime institution that is totally contrary thereto: the Selective Service System, the government's euphemism for male conscription.
Since the re-establishment of the SSS by President Carter in 1980, all biologically male citizens of the United States have been forced to register with the Service or face dire and often life-ruining penalties. These penalties, which hit poor Americans the hardest, include a lifetime ban from receiving federal loans or
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It institutes a system of forced servitude, a practice outlawed in the 13th Amendment, and requires men to give up their most fundamental right to life. Furthermore, those who object to violence on moral grounds must sacrifice their deeply-held values at risk of arrest for treason.
In order to address those who morally object to war, the Selective Service maintains a system of "alternative service" for so-called "conscientious objectors." However, despite the Supreme Court decision in Welsh v. United States, this system overwhelmingly favors those who object on religious—not moral—grounds, infringing on atheists' right to freedom of religion—or lack thereof. Furthermore, conscientious objectors must still register with the system, forcing them to submit to a system that goes against their
In the first two sections, the author provides different reasons why the working-class youth ended up in the military. Many working-class people have ended up in the military because of their patriotic culture and poor economic background. Many working class youth ended enlisting themselves because they can’t afford going to college or lack of employment. The author also tells us that the “Selective Service System” is class-biased. The rich youth took advantage of the healthcare exemption, employment and college deferment. The working-class youth can’t afford to go to college or get medical exemption. The attempt to use unskilled and unemployed youth in the war seems unfair to author. Draftees from the American territories, African Americans, sons of blue-collar workers and farmers were the highest percentage of not only the enlisted men but also the wounded and deceased men. Appy also explains that men who were enlisted were given bonuses which are equivalent to the one-third of median family income of African American families during the war time (Appy 22). Author also provides a statistics that high school drop-outs were three times more likely to get enlisted than college graduates. A...
In a world where terrorism, war, and economic instability are ever looming threats it’s not a wonder why the limits on the freedom of the individual can come into question. This is especially true when the country where these limits are brought into question is one of the world’s leading powers in: democracy, economics, social welfare, military force, and foreign politics in general. This country, of course, is the United States. Unfortunately, even with the country’s democratically centered government, there is still a debate on whether Americans have enough protections for civil liberties or not. A few key areas of argument on civil liberties and hopefully provide enough information to the reader so that he/she may deduce an educated opinion as to whether Americans have enough protection for civil liberties or not.
Tim O’Brien finds himself staring at his draft notice on June 17, 1968. He was confused and flustered. O’Brien does not know how or why he got selected for the draft. All he knew was that he was above the war itself, “A million things all at once—I was too good for this war. Too smart, too compassionate, to everything. It couldn’t happen” (41). He was also demented on the fact that he, a war hater, was being drafted. He felt if anyone were to be drafted it should be the people who supported the war. “If you support a war, if you think it’s worth the price, that’s fine, but you have to put your own precious fluids on the line” (42). His draft notice was when he first carried his thought of embarrassment. He instantly thought if he does not support the war he should not have to go to war. The only way not to go to war was to flee the country so the draft council could not find him. He had a moral split. “I feared the war, yes, but I also feared exile” (44). This quote is so true in young adults, not only then, but also now. Peer pressure, the thought of being embarrassed if we do not do something, pushes many young adults to do things they do not want to such as pushing Tim O’Brien to enter the draft. The thought of being judged ...
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments are the amendments adopted to the United States Constitution after the Civil War. In succession, these amendments were adopted to the Constitution. Thirteenth Amendment The 13th amendment was adopted speedily in the aftermath of the Civil War, with the simple direct purpose of forbidding slavery anywhere in the United States. The 13th Amendment took authority away from the states, so that no state could institute slavery, and it attempted to constitutionally grant the natural right of liberty. Thought that this amendment would suffice, Congressional Republicans pushed the amendment through.
Many obstacles have to be conquered in the struggle for freedom, one of which often includes war. It is human nature to strive for success and as a means to better themselves, countries often participate in war and put up arms to get what they believe will benefit them. But when sheer military power doesn’t match the strength of a government’s desire to win, trouble presents itself. It is in these times that alternative methods must be implemented in order to attain the results sought after. When regarding military size or lack thereof, governments can opt to enforce the policy of conscription to increase their participation in war and in turn, increase their post-war influence. Conscription, or compulsory service is the mandatory enlistment of citizens to serve the country militarily. In both the First and Second World Wars, Canada has enacted military service conscriptions to support the war efforts. The conscription debate drew attention to the underlying problems of the growing country such as the political rights of immigrants and women, language education needs and the divide between Anglophones and Francophones. Although they differed, the conscription crises in Canada’s past helped to define Canadian history and contributed to the shaping of our country as a whole.
On August 7th 1964 the United States Congress passed into law the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which, for all intents and purposes, officially brought the United States into the Vietnam War. Following this resolution, a draft was instated to increase the number of men that could be sent to war. Shortly after men started to be signed into conscription for the United States Military, a public outcry started over the use of a draft to increase military size. The draft was found to be unfair to American Citizens because certain groups of men were severely disadvantaged, the draft was illegal in many ways, and veteran’s future lives were harmed, among other reasons.
I never thought I would say this but I think we should reinstate the draft. It has been years since we have wanted or needed a draft, but in view of the United States being attacked on September 11, 2001, I feel our country must be ready and prepared to defend itself. If being prepared means reinstating the draft, a mandatory summons for military service, then I think we should consider this a reasonable proposal. I think the tragic events of September 11 will evoke most people to agree with me. Since September 11 we have seen a surge of patriotism in this country that seemed hidden for many years. I am so glad patriotism was not lost, and I think most Americans would be willing to defend their country in light of this attack. We are a nation and a people who believe in freedom and democracy. It tells other nations who we are and what we stand for. It is these beliefs that lead me to believe that the people of the United States will do anything to preserve our freedom and democracy even if it means reinstating the draft. I want to prove this notion, but am unsure how to accomplish this. I have not read any recent articles in newspapers or magazines that have dealt with this issue. My textbook was not a source either. So I decided to do two things. First, I went to the Internet for any information, articles, discussions, or statements relating to this issue. Second, I decided to conduct an informal poll. This informal poll consisted of male and female respondents with an age span of eighteen to sixty two. My poll started with classmates in my Western Civilization and Studio Art classes and the professors who instruct these classes. My poll included emailing friends and family who live and work in New York, family currently serving in the Armed Forces, and a family member who is a Veteran of the Viet Nam War. Also included in this poll is a random sampling of the townspeople of Los Alamos. Medical personnel at Los Alamos Women’s Health Services, and the lunch crowd at Café’ Allegro rounded out my poll. This cross section of Americans evoked many feelings and opinions and stimulated many conversations and critical thought. These conversations exhilarated me and the results I obtained amazed me.
One reason we must have the second amendment is to protect the freedom for which our country fought so hard to win. The Declaration of Independence states: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”[1] However, if these rights were ‘self-evident’, why did the founding fathers need to grant them to the states? We might as well ask why man is the way that he is, imperfect. We all wonder about this sad truth, but the fact remains that man is fallen. These rights are self-evident, obvious to human reason, but because humans are fallen, we are sometimes blinded to these apparent truths and we err in our rationality. King George was blind to these unalienable rights, as were Na...
Many people in the 1960s and early 1970s did not understand why the United States was involved in the Vietnam War. Therefore, they had no desire to be a part of it. The Selective Service System, which was used to conduct the draft, had aspirations of directing people into areas where they were most needed during wartime. However, people took advantage of the draft system’s deferment policies to avoid going to war. Others refused induction or simply did not register. There were also people who left the country to escape the draft. The Vietnam War proved to be an event that many Americans did not agree with, and as a result, citizens took action to elude the draft entirely or to beat the draft system.
Over forty years has passed since the United States inducted the last draftee through the Selective Service System. The Selective Service System is an independent agency of the United States, which gives the President the right or power to conscript men for military service. There have been different Acts passed by congress since 1917 that require men of various ages to register for service. Although, the name of each Act and the age requirements of the registries changed, the Acts were all similar in nature. They all gave the President the right to call men to war when he deemed necessary. In January 1973, Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announced the creation of the all-volunteer service, retracting the need for the draft (GAO.gov). Under current law, all men between the ages of 18-25 must register within 30 days of their 18th birthday, however this information is used mostly for recruitment purposes and in case of any future crisis. There has been much controversy over this matter since the Vietnam War, when people started to realize the draft was unfair due to loopholes and draft exemptions making the draft unfair for working men. At one point in time the military draft may have been necessary, but today’s all-volunteer military has eliminated the need for a draft.
The Conscription Act delivered the final straw in the long list of discrepancies, the catalyst that turned that small forest fire into a raging inferno of hate and fear. The white working class (mostly Irish immigrants) were infuriated, they couldn’t understand how they, white, hard-working voters were being punished. The government was forcing them to fight a war they didn’t support and the only way they could avoid it was to pay 300 dollars (a years wages for most), yet they would pay African Americans 1,000 dollars for volunteering. The new federal draft conditions also expanded to include a wider age range of men it would take. “The conscription law targeted men between the ages of 20 and 35, and all unmarried men up to age 45.” Adding to the already high tensions of laborers, since the enactment of the Emancipation Proclamation they ...
Kirkwood, R. Cort. "Women Should Not Be Eligible for the Draft." Gale Opposing Viewpoints. 2008. Web. 20 Mar. 2012.
Life and liberty, paired with the pursuit of happiness in the preamble to the constitution. Slavery emphasizes the idea of complete ownership and control by a master. This is exactly what these slave owners do. They take away an individual's alleged God-given rights as a human being. The legal definition of trafficking does not require elements of physical restraint, bodily harm, or physical force.
Michael Jones worked his whole life. At the age of 15 he started as a dishwasher at a restaurant a mile away from his house. He never graduated high school because he had to quit school to help his single mom support a family of six. There were many times in his life where he worked two jobs, but at minimum-wage, if that, 80 hours a week still did not go far. By the age of 20 he was married, and soon began to have a family of his own. Michael is a simple man but a hard workingman. Michael rarely took vacations, worked 60+ hours a week, and raised four daughters of his own. After about 25 years of marriage Michael and his wife divorced. Recently Michael turned 65, and against his desire to keep working, his doctor suggested that he retire, due to suffering from two heart attacks, one when he was 50, the other when he was 62. For 50 years Michael has worked many jobs, unfortunately, due to his limited education, he often worked minimum paying jobs. During the first half of this working life he was supporting his family, and Michael was only able to save for retirement after his children had graduated college. Only his latest employer offered pension plan. Now after working his whole life, Michael is left with $305 a month from his pension, and $742 from Social Security. Social Security has become his major source of sustainment. The Social Security Administration (SSA), has become a lifesaver for Michael and most retirees. This paper will attempt to answer how the Social Security Administration came to be, and what it does for the country and its hard working citizens. It will give a brief overview on the history of the administration; what statutes give the agency its authorities; ...
Throughout history, mankind has continued to find reasons to fight with each other. Some of these conflicts seem justified, while some do not. Some are resolved quickly and some last for decades. Some result in great accomplishments, while many, unfortunately, result in nothing but pain, suffering and death. While it is clear that no two wars are the same, almost every war requires at least one thing: men and women who are willing to risk their lives and fight them. Volunteering to fight in a war is a sacrifice that most of us will never even be able to comprehend making. Not only does fighting involve the obvious physical danger, but the mental and psychological toll that a war has on a soldier can be absolutely devastating as well. We hear countless horror stories about life fighting in a war, and also life afterwards. However, despite the dangers, millions have made this sacrifice bravely and willingly, and unfortunately; millions more may do so in the future. The history of the United States of America is filled with several wars, both big and small, and the bloodiest war of them all was the American Civil War. The Civil War, which was fought from 1861 to 1865, resulted in more American casualties than any other war to this date. Despite this however, people continued to volunteer throughout the war, and many reenlisted even after their first term had ended. Millions of American civilians fought and died for their country and, while some of these soldiers were drafted, most made the choice to fight on their own. Because of its great implications, the American Civil War has been studied thoroughly by historians, and there are several ideas on why the Union and the Confederacy went to war but, as is the case ...