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Masculinity theory
Effects of the concepts of masculinity
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Journal #4 Question: Why is masculinity so fragile? It seems that the very existence of the term fag and the reason for its prevalence amongst adolescent boys is the fragility of masculinity. This seems to be solidified when Pascoe explains that the idea of being a fag goes beyond sexual identity and more with the association of masculine incompetence, weakness and femininity (Pascoe, 330). The fluidity of the term has allowed itself to become a powerful disciplinary mechanism in which boys heavily police themselves and others in order to avoid being attached to the term (Pascoe, 330). Even basic things like caring about one’s clothing, dancing, showing emotions or as Ben, one of the students at River High that Pascoe interviewed, says,
The teenage years are especially important in the establishment of social and cultural core principles that provide the base for further growth in the future. Sociologist C.J. Pascoe links her personal experience with scholarly research in her ethnography titled, Dude, You’re A Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School. Pascoe’s year and a half study at a Northern California School known as River High School sheds light on how bullying, power, and sexual innuendos are all components in the makeup of social life in Americas public schools. Her analysis of these components through observational data research is centered around the subject of the challenges associated with masculinity as well as sexual inequality, and the refinement of gender
Since the advent of the word “sexist”, the label itself has carried numerous negative connotations, regardless of whether or not it has been applied to the male or female set. This idea of the modern teenager became initiated by the proliferation of visible sex symbols in the 1950’s such as Elvis Presley and Marilyn Monroe and has since become increasingly more prevalent in American society. While the connotations may be well deserved, we as culture rarely seem to remember that most stereotypes are originated as a result of an observed pattern in the behavior of certain groups of people. John Updike is merely trying to embody the mind of the modern American teenage male in “A&P”, and not expressing his own opinion as to whether the thoughts going through Sammy’s mind are acceptable or not.
Homosexual slurs are commonly used as ways to call someone’s masculinity into question. While Ludovic was not trying to be masculine, seeing as she wishes to express herself in a feminine manner, it was a blow to the family. In Pascoe 's "Dude, You 're a Fag,” she observes high school boys and their usage of the word 'fag. ' Pascoe finds that the word 'fag ' is used primarily as a temporary questioning of one 's masculinity. Pascoe states, "to be a fag is, by definition, the opposite of masculine, whether or not the word is deployed with sexualized or non-sexualized meanings" (92). In Ludovic 's case whoever spray-painted her house is pointing out Ludovic 's lack of masculinity desire to be feminine and doing so in a negative way. Ludovic 's family reacts negatively to the graffiti and displaces their anger onto
I think every man between 20 and 40 needs to read Elizabeth Gilbert's "The Last American Man". Without going into details (like I said, you should read the book), this is a biography/profile of Eustace Conway - a man who is, among other things, capable of and prefers to (or would prefer to) live the kind of frontier lifestyle we have read about: hunting and gathering his food, living in a house he built using his own hands, making his own clothes from the skins of animals he captured, etc. I suspect that for many people the story, at least initially, will arouse the sort of Romantic feelings that tend to come with fantasies of a "simple life" of rugged self-sufficiency. However, even for those who are quite certain that they prefer their modern urban lifestyle (air conditioning, direct deposit, grocery stores, ebay, cable TV, &c.), I think this book raises fundamental questions about what it means to be a man at the dawn of the twenty-first century.
The idea Pascoe is bringing forth in the reading, ‘Dude You’re a Fag’: Adolescent Masculinity and the Fag Discourse, is the same as the story I included about my friend from high school. Being called a “fag” is not a homophobic term used to highlight only gay men, “fag” a term used towards both gay and non gay boys in order to keep them in line. My friend didn’t want to be called a derogatory term such as “fag”, so he chose to hide his personality under the hegemonic version of himself. C.J. Pascoe states, “Fag’ is not necessarily a static identity attached to a particular (homo- sexual) boy. Fag talk and fag imitations serve as a discourse with which boys discipline themselves and each other through joking relationships.” (Pascoe.
Germaine Greer, The author of the article, is a very is inflammatory writer who is known very well around the world for her feminism. She is most famous for her book The Female Eunuch, noted as a key text of the feminist movement in the '70s. Germaine Greer is a feminist, she wrote this article in order to create an alternative female out look on a male tendency, but also to show society what was wrong with their thought about masculinity and that it is determined by biology. In the book The Female Eunuch, the last chapter was called Masculinity. There were several but the three main essential attributes of masculinity, according to the minutes off their career are that they need to be extremely strong, they also need to be in control come and they have to always feel better than women.
Early feminist studies of gender often depicted the expression of masculinity as solely meant to subordinate women. Upon further research and understanding of gender and its role in society, gender theorists have realized that masculinity is not only a patriarchal regulation against women, but that it also has negative effects against men. Masculinity has different characteristics in different cultures, but masculinity in general presents a hierarchy of traits, with femininity as the lowest, least desirable trait. In American culture, masculinity is defined within multiple structures, such as race, class, and sexuality, where a man’s masculinity can be lessened by his traits as well as these identities. Often, normative expressions of masculinity
In today’s world, becoming a man is a right of passage to most people. A lot of times, however, a man’s sense of self gets denied because of the views from this generation. They shy away from their real personalities and fail to achieve the things they love because they are afraid of being struck down by the world’s view. Boys try to meet up to fake expectations of masculinity, they mask their real self in order to seem superior, and they hide their emotions so that they can meet up to these fake views that are quite prominent in our society.
All around the world society has created an ideological perspective for the basis of gender roles. Gender and sex are often times misused and believed to be interchangeable. This is not the case. There are two broad generalization of sexes; female and male, yet there is a vast number of gender roles that each sex should more or less abide by. The routinely cycle of socially acceptable behaviors and practices is what forms the framework of femininity and masculinity. The assigned sex categories given at birth have little to do with the roles that a person takes on. Biological differences within females and males should not be used to construe stereotypes or discriminate within different groups. Social variables such as playing with dolls or
Thomas Malory, in his essential retelling of the Arthurian legend Le Morte d’Arthur, creates a vibrant and complex mythical English world, where chivalry, heroics, and history intertwine beautifully. That Malory succeeds in his project and creates one of the most textured and rewarding accounts of Arthur’s life and death, is little in dispute, as his books have become the most widely known and studied pre-modern Arthurian texts. The question remains, however, how it is he does so, and what resonances may be seen between his writing and modern work not of a strictly Arthurian character.
Two words, “man up”, have impacted thousands of lives forming the standard ideal for men all over the world. In Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo leads his life in fear of looking like his father, appearing weak. Just as Okonkwo changed his actions, George Orwell, the author of “Shooting an Elephant”, was influenced by those surrounding him and was afraid to look foolish. Submission of individuality has been going on since the beginning of humanity to now from all races and cultures. While all countries, cultures, and generations create a different image of the ideal man, they all experience a loss of individuality to meet society’s expectations of masculinity.
We live in a world where society has defined masculine and famine characteristics and features that have influenced our culture. Men are seen as:
Almost every week, the news covers a story involving sexual harassment or sexual assault. Whether it is a group of fraternity members yelling slurs at a homosexual couple, President Donald Trump talking about the power he had over females because of his celebrity status, or a college athlete that rapes an unconscious girl at a party, these types of stories seem to have one one commonality: men are the perpetrators. Not to say that females do not participate in actions of sexual violence, just recognizing the fact that the majority of perpetrators of sexual assault are male (Greenfeld, 1997). In order to get a better understanding of why males tend to participate in sexual violence, this essay will examine the pressures put on males to prove their masculinity. This essay will detail the ways in which I have witnessed and even committed acts of sexual violence to prove masculinity; it will also display how I intend on erasing the idea that participating in sexual violence
Masculinity and femininity are two terms, which have been interpreted differently throughout history. Both the males and the females have responsibilities and duties but these duties differ based on one’s gender. Gender has played a prodigious role in the economy, politics, and the society. Everyone starts making interpretations of the strengths and weaknesses based on one’s gender. These interpretations are not always based on his or her ability but is usually based on his or her gender. Males tend to be judged as extremely strong and unfashionable in terms of appearance. Whereas, females are judged as expensive and very fashionable. Males and females both differ in their abilities and their enjoyments. Fashion, entertainment, and strength are three topics, which are used to define masculinity and femininity in the 21st century.
“It’s a man’s world” is a phrase used often to describe the gender biases of the world. Gender is a social construction put onto sex. Sex is determined by reproductive parts that we are born with , all the while gender is a category the sexes are put into. In these different categories there are various characteristics and attributes each have. Being a man is defined by the level of manhood one obtains. Michael Kimmel says, “ We think of manhood as a thing, a quality that one either has or doesn’t have. We think of manhood as innate, residing in the particular biological composition of the human male, the result of androgens or the possession of a penis”(Kimmel, 80-81). Since manhood can only be possessed by a person with penis and manhood