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Debate on female circumcision
Debate on female circumcision
Ethics of medical informed consent
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Circumcision On Male Babies In The U.S
Imagine having a part of you removed without your permission; that is what some babies go through every time their parents decide to circumcise them. Circumcision is a surgery performed on male babies to remove the foreskin from the head of the penis. It is unnecessary and unethical to put these babies in a position that could potentially scar them for life.
The procedure in unnecessary because the reasons behind it are contradictory and have many other solutions. For example, a reason why circumcision became common was because it was “a hope that circumcision would result in a decrease in masturbation” (Andres, 2007). However, circumcision was also thought as a way to prevent HIV (WHO, 2015).
Unless it is for religious reasons, many stating that masturbation is immoral and dirty, masturbation is the best way to go when it comes to preventing HIV. This procedure is unnecessary because it desensitizes the head of the penis, and there is no difference between being circumcised and uncircumcised, except for the pain that these infants have to endure since some babies do not even receive anesthetics. Since this is a surgery, it poses complications and sometimes even death. In a study conducted, 8,967 children were circumcised and 424 of the children had complications from previous neonatal circumcision such as “Penile adhesions, skin bridges, meatal stenosis, redundant foreskin (incomplete circumcision with uncircumcised appearance), recurrent phimosis, buried penis and penile rotation” (Pieretti et. al, 2010). These surgeries, although rare, can also result in death. Circumcision is also unethical because it is forced upon these infants who have no say in whether they would like to be circumcised or not. We can use the example of children getting baptised as a baby. Some children who grow up as a Christian leave their religion when they grow up, because they did not choose it, it was forced upon them. The case is worse for babies getting circumcised because they do not get to just grow back their foreskin. Performing circumcision on male babies, while we dread the idea of circumcision on females, is wrong. To an infant, being forcibly restrained and having part of them cut off while feeling severe pain is comparable to being assaulted or tortured according to Goldman (1999). He also goes on to state that some infants can even develop PTSD symptoms such as having dreams about it and also try to avoid the topic of circumcision. Being a parent, how could you put your child in such pain without giving them a decision to make. It is no surprise as to why parents would want to circumcise their child. Some parents do it because of religious reasons, hygienic reasons, and sometimes it is because they might even want their son’s penis to look the same to other men in the family. However, none of those reasons should be enough to put your child though such a traumatic position. Circumcision is an unessential procedure and it is a violation your child’s rights as a human being.
Some fear that the removal of the healthy part of an organ is a purely
When parents first discover they are having a baby, there are so many aspects to consider. Who is going to be their doctor, which hospital are they going to deliver at, what are they going to name the baby, and what color should they paint the nursery. Parents that are expecting a male newborn have to decide if they want their baby to be circumcised. For many families, this is an easy decision based on their cultural or religious beliefs. However, for others the right option is not as clear. Over the years, the topic of circumcision has been debated and views have swayed for and against the procedure. Ultimately, the parents must evaluate all the pros and cons and make the decision that aligns best with their thoughts and beliefs. The parent’s decision about the procedure will be influenced by various factors. It is vital that they are educated on the accurate information surrounding the advantages and disadvantages of the circumcision. This paper will evaluate both sides of this controversial issue.
Descriptions of ritual circumcision span across cultures, and have been described in ancient Egyptian texts as well as the Old Testament. With this being said, “The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that circumcision has potential medical benefits and advantages, as well as risks. Evaluation of current evidence indicates that the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks and that the procedure's benefits justify access to this procedure for families who choose it, however, existing scientific evidence is not sufficient to recommend routine circumcision.” (n.d.).
In the United States, this procedure is also done but without a religious purpose. The boys in this case are commonly newborn. This practice became popular after medical groups claimed that there were many health benefits that came with circumcision. Though it has been proven otherwise, it is still a common practice in the U.S. fueled by ignorance. Circumcision is an unnecessary surgery that leads to psychological problems, issues with sexual activities and lasting physical damage.
Certainly, in the United States (and much of the Western world), female circumcision is illegal; however, male circumcision is utterly legal. In fact, in 2007, the Center for Disease Control reported that almost eighty percent of men in the United States were circumcised (Morris): legally, zero percent were females. Yet, several nations, where the culture is absolutely polar from the West, have prohibited male circumcision (Evans). The predominant factor, of course. The ideologies of culture make the laws, including morals; thus, these laws represent each region’s civilization, morals, and culture. Again, doctors must conform—this time to the law, not the parent. So, any decision doctors make, regarding circumcision, is due to cultural restrictions and their own
The procedure was used as a deterrent that utilized both physical and emotional scarring. Doctors were advised to use no anesthetic so that the pain would act as a mental deterrent. The tradition of no pain prevention carried on well into the nineties, and even today, only 45% of doctors use any form of anesthetic at all. The procedure was also performed on children rather than infants so a lasting memory would be formed scaring the child for life. This pain still leaves a lasting impact children today, with studies showing that men who are circumcised have a 60% harder time expressing their emotions and being more likely to experience problems in their marriage. Not only was this a cruel and unusual medical procedure, it was also used as a form of punishment and abuse. The question is why would America continue to use circumcision even with though it is known to have a dark and twisted history in the world of genital mutilation and child abuse? Especially, when only 30% of the rest of the world continues to practice it. People may never know, but they can choose to
Male circumcision involves the process of amputating the foreskin so that the glans of the penis is exposed. (2:602) Nontherapeutic male circumcision has been performed over many centuries and it is an integral part of some religions and cultures. The World Health Organization reports that 30% of males globally are circumcised, with 70% of these being Muslim. (3:1) The prophet Muhammad proclaimed that all followers must circumcise their sons on day seven postpartum. Although not all Muslims follow this exactly, males are circumcised within the first 10 years of age and it is one of the factors of the customs in Islam that allow for personal hygiene. (4:76) Judaism also values circumcision as an important part of the religion. As is described in the Old Testament it is one of the prerequisites to becoming a great nation that Abraham undergoes circumcision, and that every male be circumcised on the eight day of life. (4:76) Although Jesus Christ himself was circumcised, his disciple Paul proclaimed that this act is no longer necessary, thus circumcision is no longer a part of Christianity. (4:76) In addition to religious incentives for nontherapeutic circumcision, cultur...
Through an ethical point of view, circumcision should be a choice; the government should not be against it. This cannot be made illegal because it will leave people to perform FGC in barbershops using non-medical facilities, which creates more risk. Like male circumcision, female circumcision should be allowed and welcomed in hospitals. This culture cannot be abandoned and forgotten in a fortnight, however studies reveal the decline of this procedure throughout West Africa, for example, Tostan in Senegal aim at eradication this practice.
Unlike male circumcisions which were practice for religious purposes, female circumcision is done for social convention and is practiced as a way to prepare girls for marriage, as well as conform to societal norms of femininity. Female circumcisions are often motivated by what would be considered proper female behavior and as a way to promote virginity as well as cause pain during intercourse to uphold these beliefs. Much like male circumcision these societal beliefs about sex and purity, have affected these cultures in their convictions that circumcision must be performed to be pure and free of
The results showed that only 38% of the 133 people that participated in the study thought that neonatal male circumcision was beneficial for the prevention of HIV; however, of those same people, 65% thought that circumcision was beneficial to the prevention of other sexually transmitted diseases, and 96% of the doctors and nurses knew that circumcision was beneficial for hygiene. These numbers are surprisingly low considering these are the people that are performing the surgeries so they should be aware of the benefits, as well as the
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is an ancient traditional non-therapeutic surgical procedure that involves total or partial removal of the external parts of female genitalia. This paper aimed to define and classify FGM, identifies the prevalence, describes reasons for performing the practice, and concentrates on the problems associated to this practice with regard to women’s health, religious beliefs, and socio-cultural, behavioral and moral consequences. Researches and survey reports that the global actions have been taken to reduce or abolish the prevalence of the practice will be assessed.
Abortion is one of America’s most controversial subjects. The participants in this debate have fixed beliefs on the matter at hand. On one side of the debate are people who believe in pro- choice. They argue that choice of a woman is more important than an unborn fetus. They point out that an unborn child is not on the same level of importance as the mother. Also, the pro-life group declares that choice is the sole purpose behind their argument. They believe that if a woman cannot chose to abolish a pregnancy, then she looses one of her basic human rights. The other side of the debate is the pro-life group. Their main concern is that the fetus is a person; therefore, having the same human rights as the mother. As a result, when states pass laws that enable abortions, these states are legalizing murder. When considering an individual’s ethics and values, killing is morally wrong. Therefore, the termination of unborn children is wrong, as well. Abortion, the unethical expulsion of an embryo or fetus, in order to purposely end a pregnancy, should be forbidden because human life begins at conception, economics is not a justification for abortion, and an unwanted child does not justify abortion.
To this date, Seven hundred and seventy two criminals in the U.S. alone have been
an embryo or of a fetus that is incapable of survival." However, if only the
Many question whether female circumcision (FGM, genital cutting, etc.) is a form of abuse, is it a humane and morally acceptable practice and how can we fix this horrendous practice? These assumptive thoughts are typically made through the eyes of outsiders, female circumcision is many things and must be looked at through such a lens. Despite, all of this female circumcision is still framed very commonly between these three views, female circumcision is abuse, is a result of patriarchal societies, and is a cultural and religious practice.