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Argumentative speach about vitamin c
What vitamin causes criminality
Argumentative speach about vitamin c
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One of the most popular mistakes that young psychology students make is assuming that correlation guarantees causation. For someone lacking research knowledge, an article titled, "Vitamins Cause Crime", may be appealing and interesting information. An experienced researcher, on the other hand, would easily identify this claim as pseudoscience and create a hypothesis and experiment in order to disprove the extraordinary claim. The best way to dive further into this information would be to design a double-blind research study.
The first step in conducting the study would be to randomly assign participants to two groups. One group would be the control group and would not be provided with vitamins, while the test group would be provided with vitamins.
The study would be best suited if both the researchers and the participants were uninformed as to which group was the control group and which was not. In order to do this, the control group participants would receive a placebo so that they are unaware if they are in the test group or not. The scientists who are studying the behavior of the participants will be independent of the distribution of vitamins and placebos and their sole responsibility will be to study the criminal behavior of participants in both groups. The distributor of vitamins and placebos will in turn be independent from studying the behavior of the participants. A different researcher will also be in charge of recording the results that he or she receives from the behavioral researchers. By following this design, the experiment will yield the most accurate and objective results possible and likely prove that vitamins do not actually cause crime. This situation is a great example that correlation does not guarantee causation and also that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. By looking at both critical thinking guidelines, at least one of them would likely disprove the argument made in the article. Although pseudoscience may seem intriguing at times, proper research should always be performed to check the validity of such extraordinary claims.
Biology, genetics, and evolution theory: Is when your body and your way of thinking affects your behavior negatively and force you to commit a crime Being mentally ill or even a poor diet can be the explanation to why someone commits a crime. It’s one of the key theories because it separates the criminals from the mental ill individuals. It also allows us to help the people with the biological defect.
Crime causation began to be a focus of study in the rapidly developing biological and behavioral sciences during the 19th century. Early biological theories proposed that criminal behavior is rooted in biology and based on inherited traits. Cesare Lombroso (1836-1909), an Italian army prison physician, coined the term “atavism” to describe “the nature of the criminal”...
The first subcategory is called the “Biochemical factor”, which is believed by some criminologists that there is a direct link between crime and anti-social behavior caused by environmental factors that affect a person’s internal biochemistry. (Siegel & Worrall, 2013, pg. 45)
A sample of children ranging from 4 to 13 years old are going to be asked to watch a Rainbow Brite video. The children will be randomly picked from a childcare center. To ensure that the children are going to be randomly assigned, the children will range in different age groups. The first group will consist of 4, 6, and 8 year olds. The second group will consist of 10,12, and 14 year olds. It would have to be a field experiment because you have to go out and collect the data.
When we look at how fragile each one of our lives are, we need to take a minute and realize the different characteristics that form us into who we are today. Studies have shown that there are characteristics within the behavior of an individual that can be linked to the specific behaviors demonstrated by an offender that would classify them as a psychopath. Along with other research that looks into an individual’s genetics to see if that plays a role in defining or making a psychopath. John Allen Muhammad, also known as the D.C. sniper, was labeled as a psychopath when he terrorized D.C. for two weeks, taking thirteen victims and killing ten of them. This paper will go over the behaviors that constitute psychopathy, and the behaviors that indicate psychopathic individuals such as John himself. It will also go over John’s life history of what caused him to commit these acts of violence.
Testing can be performed in multiple ways. One way is through a placebo-controlled study. There is multiple groups within this study. One group is called a control group in which people are not actually given the real item that is being tested. Instead they are given something that will have no real effect in order to have something to base the real item on. Another type of testing is the double blind experiment. “This type of experiment occurs when information about the test is kept from the subject and the tester. All of this is done in an attempt to keep bias out of the trial” (Fish,
There has always been a fascination with trying to determine what causes an individual to become a criminal? Of course a large part of that fascination has to do with the want to reduce crime, and to determine if there is a way to detect and prevent individuals from committing crime. Determining what causes criminality is still not perfectly clear and likewise, there is still debate as to whether crime is caused biologically, environmentally, or socially. Furthermore, the debate is directly correlated to the notion of 'nurture vs nature'. Over time many researchers have presented various theories pertaining to what causes criminal behavior. There are many theories that either support or oppose the concept of crime being biological rather than a learned behavior.
Over the years, the theory has evolved into today’s foremost biological crime theory. The theory takes into account genetics and disorders that may be inherited. One example of a disorder that is genetic is antisocial personality disorder. This specific disorder is accompanied by a variety of side effects, some of which may result in psychopathic or sociopathic behavior. Psychopathic and sociopathic behavior specific to this example would be murder. Jeffrey Dahmer, for example, was an individual that participated in seventeen murders over a span of thirteen years. Although Dahmer was not able to plead insanity, he still had a severe mental disorder that may be partly to blame for some of his actions. Biological disorder is often difficult to back up due to the fact that many disorders are also based on nurturing
2. When you ask someone to participate, explain the basic nature of the study. You
Nature versus nurture has been argued in attempt to understand how criminals behave. The theory of what influences psychopath and serial killers’ violent and destructive pathways has not been agreed on till this day. Criminals such as psychopaths and serial killers have been researched for the past two decades. Scientists have found that genetics is a determining factor of who becomes a serial killer. It is important to understand the determinants involved within a serial killer, because if these social and environmental causes are discovered, they can be altered and controlled to reduce crime (Lykken, 1993). With more studies, we would therefore prevent mass murders and could assist in significant reductions of crime within society.
The world will always be full of crime, thus it is necessary for scientist to grow along with the gruesome and increasing amount of violations. Due to this it sparked scientist to develop crime theories in which emerged to explain why crime is caused by individuals. Some of the few theories that have advanced over the past century and provided many answers to why crimes are committed are biological theories, psychological theories and learning theories. These theories provide an insight to its first use and change in order to provide answers.
Theories that are based on biological Factors and criminal behavior have always been slightly ludicrous to me. Biological theories place an excessive emphasis on the idea that individuals are “born badly” with little regard to the many other factors that play a part in this behavior. Criminal behavior may be learned throughout one’s life, but there is not sufficient evidence that proves crime is an inherited trait. In the Born to Be Bad article, Lanier describes the early belief of biological theories as distinctive predispositions that under particular conditions will cause an individual to commit criminal acts. (Lanier, p. 92) Biological criminologists are expected to study the “criminal” rather than the act itself. This goes as far as studying physical features, such as body type, eyes, and the shape or size of one’s head. “Since criminals were less developed, Lombroso felt they could be identified by physical stigmata, or visible physical abnormalities…characteristics as asymmetry of the face; supernumerary nipples, toes, or fingers; enormous jaws; handle-shaped or sensible ears; insensibility to pain; acute sight; and so on.” (Lanier. P. 94). It baffles me that physical features were ever considered a reliable explanation to criminal behavior. To compare one’s features to criminal behavior is not only stereotypical, but also highly unreliable.
Even though a research study found a significant positive correlation between taking vitamins and crime rates, the newspaper article titled, “Vitamins cause crime” is incorrect. The authors of the article have made the mistake of confusing correlation with causation. Even if things are highly correlated, one must not make the mistake of assuming that one thing causes the other because there could be confounding variable that are effecting both of the variables.
Subsequently, since discovering that both biological and sociological aspects both play a part in human behavior, studies began to formulate to see whether nature or nurture held a stronger influence. Two of the main studies done were the family and twin studies. Family studies are defined as “studies that examine the clustering of criminality in a given family” (Schram, P. J., & Tibbetts, S. G.). One of the families that was studied was the Kallikak family by H. H. Goddard. Through this study they found criminality is more common in some Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain and body that help transmit electric signals from one neuron to other neurons in the body.
There are various theories within the biological explanation as to why individuals commit criminal behaviour, these include: genetic theory, hereditary theory, psychosis and brain injury theory. In the next few paragraphs examples of each will be shown.