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The effects of racism
Racial discrimination today
Effects of racial stereotypes on children
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he True Consequences of Racism
We learn to be racist, therefore we can learn not to be racist. Racism is not genetical. It has everything to do with power.
-- Jane Elliot
Various children of different races were brought into the room, one at time, at the table there was only two dolls one black and one white. The children were asked various questions about the dolls. Most strikingly one of the little African American girls when asked which doll she was after having tied bad attributes towards it, pointed to the black doll. Each African American through this simple act showed society how racial discrimination had truly affected them. In 1940 Kenneth and Mamie clark conducted an experiment that today is better known as the Clark doll test. As a society when we think of racism, we tend to associate it with the past, he time when Martin Luther King, and Rosa Parks took steps toward changing society for the equality of African Americans. But what we do not realize that racism is still present, more importantly we fail to see how children are affected early on, that children know the implications that are tied to difference in skin color, at a very young. In this essay I will explore how children of various ethnic groups are affected psychologically by racism and how the effects of racism will impact them psychologically now and in the future. I will look at the information through the perspective of various authors who have performed various studied and/ or critically analyzed the studied performed by other authors and dive deeper into the factors that have an effect on the development of African American Children.
The Clark doll test is a historically known study performed in the 1940s that showed how racism and racial implica...
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...factors in Racial Identification in and Preference in Negro Children. The Journal of Negro Education 1950. Text. 9 May, 2015.
Chao, Ruth Chu-Lien Longo, Joseph Wang, Canzi Dasgupta, Deepest Fear, Jessica. "Perceived Racism As Moderator Between Self-Esteem/Shyness And Psychological Distress Among African Americans." Journal Of Counseling & Development 92.3 (2014): 259-269. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 15 May 2015.
Hopsin, Derek. Hopsin, Darlene. Implications of Doll color Preferences Among Back Preschool Children, and White Preschool Children. Text. 9 May, 2015.
Kang, Hye-Kyung, and David L. Burton. "Effects Of Racial Discrimination, Childhood Trauma, And Trauma Symptoms On Juvenile Delinquency In African American Incarcerated Youth." Journal Of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 23.10 (2014): 1109-1125.Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 May 2015.
Dr. Kenneth B. Clark’s legacy has lived on and will continue to inspire because, even today, in the 21st century, there are many ideas and problems that Clark addresses in the realm of prejudice and racism that are still relevant in social identity, education and the work place in America. Clark was a social psychologist who was a firm believer in equality, though he knew that racial division would be a difficult task to overcome, he still thought it was a concept that was necessary for America to progress. One of the many researchers that have continued Clark’s work is Thomas F. Pettigrew. Pettigrew (2004) suggests that America is not where it needs to in reference to equal opportunity. Pettigrew does acknowledge that there has been many steps forward since the Brown case and Clark’ s doll studies, but believes there has also, been many steps taken backwards in regards to the progress of racial equality and opportunity (Pettigrew, 2004). According to Pettigrew (2004) racial prejudices have come to be much less blatant but still have the same effect on the people exposed to the phenomena. Though racial prejudices are still prevalent, the source of the tension is much more difficulty to identify. As did Clark suggest, Pettigrew (2004) also believes that for change to consistently and proficiently occur, it must h...
This scholarly article discusses a study done on biracial identity development in children. The article discusses “the similarities and differences between Black and White racial identity development in the United States and address special challenges for the biracial child.” I hope to use it as a source when discussing the struggle to form an specific identity
Although, that could be true, racism is not a trait that is a part of a person’s DNA, it is something that is learned. For example, most people learn that there are only two genders while growing up. We understand this simple binary because it is reinforced by religion, girl and boy. Now in current times some people don’t understand the extended categories to what others identify as. It’s important to look at why this is the way that it is, most would agree that you should change but people resist change all the time.
Many of the stereotypes we encounter and hold today were formed because of events in the past, which were formed to rationalize and justify past social and political agendas. Many of the stereotypes that we now hold today were learned long ago and have been passed from one generation to the next. This book has forever inspired me to believe in the value of each child and discourage racist attitudes wherever I encounter them. Gregory Howard Williams encountered many hurdles growing up and successfully defeated them all. He could have easily confirmed the expectations of his negative peers and developed into a self-fulfilling prophecy, but instead he chose to shun his stereotypes and triumph over incredible odds.
The day after Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered (in April 1968,) Jane Elliott’s third grade students were confused and upset. Growing up in a small, all-white town, they were not exposed to racism, and did not understand the meaning of it. Therefore, Jane Elliot decided to show her class what discrimination feels like. She informed the class that they were going to change the way things were done. The students were then divided by eye colour-blue eyes and brown eyes. The blue-eyed children were praised, and told that they were smarter, nicer, and better than the brown-eyed children in every way. Throughout the day, they were given special privileges that the brown-eyed children did not receive. Those privileges included extra recess time, access to the jungle gym, a second helping of food at lunch, sitting at the front of the classroom, and being allowed to participate in class discussions. In contrast, the brown-eyed children were forced to wear brown collars around their necks. They sat at the back of the classroom, and their behaviour and classroom performance was constantly criticized by the teacher. The students from the superior group (even those who were usually sweet and tolerant) became mean, and began to discriminate against the inferior group. The students from the inferior group would struggle with class assignments, and perform poorly on tests. On the second day of the experiment, the roles were reversed, making the brown-eyed children superior to the blue-eyed children. The results were similar, but the brown-eyed students didn’t treat their blue-eyed classmates quite as bad as they had treated them. When the exercise ended, the students hugged and cried with each other. Jane Elliott once said: "After you do this exercise, when the debriefing starts, when the pain is over and they're all back together, you find out how society could be if we really believed all this stuff that we
Mendoza-Denton, Rodolfo Ph.D. “Racism Against Whites: The Overlooked Phenomenon.” Are We Born Racist. Psychology Today. 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 24 Mar. 2014.
Tatum’s book “Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?” (1997) analyses the development of racial identity and the influence of racism in American’s culture. She emphasizes the Black-White interactions by comparing the terminology in which racism perceived based on David Wellman’s definition of racism. Tatum also believes racism is not one person in particular but is a cultural situation in which ethnicity assigns some groups significantly privileged compared to others. She illustrates how engaging children in terms of interracial understanding will empower them to respond to racial stereotypes and systems of discrimination.
Racism has existed through the world for centuries and has been the primary reason for numerous conflicts, wars and other human tragedies all over the planet. From 16th to 19th-century blacks were taken from their homes and families and taken for the slave trade. They were often overworked, beaten and killed. Being black was not the best thing you could be in 1950’s. Racism is not something that is inborn, it is what people created. In the article, “We’re all racist. But racism by white people matters more”, Mona Chalabi says “I don’t think white people are born with some sort of racism gene – the main thing that explains those different scores is the way that society has geared up our brains differently.” It is our society that is ignorant,
Source: The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 82, No. 2, The 33rd Annual Charles H.
As time goes on, racism is becoming more and more unexceptable. This is most likely due to the fact that parents are teaching their children about equality among different races other than their own at a very young age. Some parents are going as far as to taking their children to local Ku Klux Klan rallies to show them that being ignorant and racist is not the right way think an...
The results showed favoritism towards the white doll, even with the race of the kid playing with the doll was black. The kids themselves even described the black doll as “bad” and the white doll as “good”. They all had an unconscious bias due to society’s influence that made them choose light over dark. Although, all the interviews describing the expectations of beauty and personality were powerful, there was a point that Kiri made that resonated with me, a white male, the most; Many of the interviewees state that their African culture has been ripped from
It has been said that the physical variations in the human species have no meaning except the social one that humans put on them. Society has placed stigmas on race dating all the way back to the 1600s. Still in the 21st century the American society is still trying to work through racial boundaries. With such stigmas being placed on them, biracial individuals often self-identify or be identified by others differently, depending on the social context. A biracial individual’s racial identity development is contingent upon many factors, both internal and external. With the dramatic increase in the number of individuals with a bi or multiracial background it is important for us to recognize the complexity of the racial identity development of this culture. It is critical to understand the hardships as well as the advantages of being biracial, to help them avoid any negative behaviors which could yield lifelong consequences. The healthy development of one’s racial identity is imperative for a biracial child to be able to achieve and maintain a positive psychological and social adjustment throughout the lifespan.
Prejudice and racism is a root problem for cultural barriers within the borders of the United States. Racism is usually continued through generation after generation and passes prejudicial attitudes. Most often times children learn very quickly how to judge people and especially in a racist environ...
Exposure to the Eurocentric paradigm as a child affects the self-image of many African American adolescent females. Dr. Kenneth Clark conducted a study to determine what young black females ages four and five consider attractive. ABC news reports that when given a black doll and an identical white doll, ...
Racism can take on many forms that plague the brain with irrationality that affects an individual’s thoughts and actions. Racism can be a physical form, through an external action, or can branch off into unethical thoughts. This is more known to be a discriminative thought, judging a person based on impressions. This social problem can also be ignored by the oblivious persons of the crowd. Many individuals speak out about how racial tension is long gone and forever forgotten ever since the first African-American was elected to be president in 2008, but this can be evidently proven false. Racial tension is still here to target the minorities in the forms of affirmative action and Ferguson conflicts.