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2007 financial crisis essay
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As the subject of this critical analysis paper I have chosen the November 2013 online article “What We’ve Learned from the Financial Crisis” from the Harvard Business Review at http://hbr.org/2013/11/what-weve-learned-from-the-financial-crisis/ar/1 by executive editor Justin Fox.
I. Summary
The financial crisis in 2008 was not the first that we have faced. The financial crisis from 1929 to 1939 referred to as The Great Depression is considered by many as the deepest economic downturn in recent history. These two events were the result of weak policies and bad decision making by governments and central banks a crisis quickly turned into an international disaster. The difference is in how we reacted to each event. Taking what we learned from the great depression and the years that followed the response to the crisis in 2008 was quicker and smarter. However, as the author points out that after three quarters of a century of study there is still a lot to learn about the way an economy and a financial system can work together. While the government intervention to stabilize the economy appears to be successful there has to be concern for the effect of such actions on attitudes about risk and responsibility.
The best hope for the economic future is in the economists, macroeconomists financial economists, and financial scholars to learn from their predecessors like English Economist John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) who stated that “The importance of money flows from it being a link between the present and the future” combine this knowledge with what is being learned today and apply it to the dynamic economy of the 21st Century.
II. Critique
I liked Justin Foxes approach of starting out by demonstrating that the financial crisis in 2008 w...
... middle of paper ...
...rporate Culture) and Consumer Behavior (Ch. 11; Page 279, Influences on Consumer Behavior) in a constantly changing business environment.
My final thoughts on this article are that it is not so much a direct correlation to the text book as much as it is an extension what is the text is teaching us. In the modern business world we have to be aware of what has happened, what may happen, and how important it is be current and diligent in the way we do business.
Works Cited
http://www.investopedia.com/dictionary/
http://hbr.org/2013/11/what-weve-learned-from-the-financial-crisis/ar/1
Maynard Keynes, john. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. 1936. Print
Business Essentials, Ninth Edition
By Ronald J. Ebert and Ricky W. Griffen
Copyright© 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 Pearson Education
Published by Prentice Hall
Print
Pages; 4, 22, 102, 130, 279
The financial crisis of 2007–2008 is considered by many economists the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. This crisis resulted in the threat of total collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. The crisis led to a series of events including: the 2008–2012 global recessions and the European sovereign-debt crisis. The reasons of this financial crisis are argued by economists. The performance of the Federal Reserve becomes a focal point in this argument.
Taylor, J. B. (2009). The financial crisis and the policy responses: An empirical analysis of what
Many people today would consider the 2008, United States financial crisis a simple “malfunction” or “mistake”, but it was nothing close to that. Contrary to what many believe, renowned economists and financial advisors regarded the financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 to be the most devastating crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930’s. To make matters worse, the decline in the economy expanded nationwide, resulting in the recession of 2007 to 2009 (Brue). David Einhorn, CEO of GreenHorn Capital, even goes as far as to say "What strikes me the most about the recent credit market crisis is how fast the world is trying to go back to business as usual. In my view, the crisis wasn't an accident. We didn't get unlucky. The crisis came because there have been a lot of bad practices and a lot of bad ideas". The 2007 financial crisis was composed of the fall of many major financial institutions, an unknown increase in mortgage loan defaults, and the derived freezing up of credit availability (Brue). It was the result from risky mortgage loans and falling estate values (Brue) . Additionally, the financial crisis of 2007 was the result of underestimation of risk by faulty insurance securities made to protect holders of mortgage-back securities from risk of default and holders of mortgage-backed securities (Brue). Even to present day, America stills suffers from the aftermaths of the financial crisis.
Keynes and Hayek each approach the economy from a different perspective. In Keynes’ estimation, it is all about the flow of money. The economy is improving when money is moving, and thus, stability is achieved as much as is possible. Consequently, spending, and more specifically government spending, is the key to unlock the door blocking economic growth. By contrast, Hayek contends that money is not everything. What the money is used for, whether it be saved, invested, loaned, or spent, also plays an important role in the progression of the economy. Growth comes from saving and investing not consumption and spending. The stability of the economy, according to Hayek, is brought about by the forces of supply and demand.
John Maynard Keynes, British economist, journalist, was born on June 5th 1883, in Cambridge, England. His father, Dr. John Neville Keynes, was an economist and a philosopher. Keynes attended Eton and then Cambridge University. At first he studied Mathematics but then turned his attention to Economics when he was offered the job at the British treasurer after the First World War when the British economy was at pressure. A man who gained a modicum amount of wealth during 1919 to 1938, married to Lydia Lopokova in 1926 and passed away in April 21st, 1946. Keynes believed that price level has to be stabled in order to have a stabled economy, and that is only possible if interest rates go down when prices rise. He also believed that the market forces alone will not deliver full employment but boosting government spending (main force of the economy in Keynes theory) will aim in his theory full employment or close to that. He believes by Governments intervening and spending will finally stop recession, unemployment and most importantly depression. For spending will increase the aggregate demand of the economy.
In this presentation, I’m going to explain how the key roles worked together to create the 2008 financial crisis.
The "subprime crises" was one of the most significant financial events since the Great Depression and definitely left a mark upon the country as we remain upon a steady path towards recovering fully. The financial crisis of 2008, became a defining moment within the infrastructure of the US financial system and its need for restructuring. One of the main moments that alerted the global economy of our declining state was the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on Sunday, September 14, 2008 and after this the economy began spreading as companies and individuals were struggling to find a way around this crisis. (Murphy, 2008) The US banking sector was first hit with a crisis amongst liquidity and declining world stock markets as well. The subprime mortgage crisis was characterized by a decrease within the housing market due to excessive individuals and corporate debt along with risky lending and borrowing practices. Over time, the market apparently began displaying more weaknesses as the global financial system was being affected. With this being said, this brings into question about who is actually to assume blame for this financial fiasco. It is extremely hard to just assign blame to one individual party as there were many different factors at work here. This paper will analyze how the stakeholders created a financial disaster and did nothing to prevent it as the credit rating agencies created an amount of turmoil due to their unethical decisions and costly mistakes.
During the prologue, it is described that a financial analyst, Meredith Whitney, made national headlines for successfully predicting that Citigroup firm needs to “slash its dividend or go bust.” This book makes gives the impression that Whitney started the beginning of the economic collapse. This seems unlikely; Whitney only made the prediction that she made based off of her analysis of the markets. Fortunately, she gained the nation's ear. She called out all Wall Street firms and told them that their investments and mortgages were worthless. She was bold and truthful when the everyone else doubted her.
The greatest question many have sought to answer is the creation vs. evolution debate. How did we get here? Were we created or did we evolve randomly? Are we the product of purposeful intelligence or are we the result of countless mistakes? Does it even matter? The story of money is similar to the story of humanity. Was money created or did it evolve. If it was created we can assume it will die. If money evolved then we can assume the future is unknown. In his book, The Ascent of Money a financial history of the world, Neil Ferguson historic analysis of money answers many of these questions. Ferguson believes money essentially mirrors mankind, magnifying back to us our progress, failures, values and weaknesses.” (The Ascent of Money, 358) The history of money shares many similarities to the history of man; Ferguson parallels between finance and Darwinism, illustrating the natural mechanism of our financial ecosystem that evolves, creates, competes, and dies.
My research of Classical Economics and Keynesian Economics has given me the opportunity to form an opinion on this greatly debated topic in economics. After researching this topic in great lengths, I have determined the Keynesian Economics far exceeds greatness for America compared to that of Classical Economics. I will begin my paper by first addressing my understanding of both economic theories, I will then compare and contrast both theories, and end my paper with my opinions on why I believe Keynesian Economics is what is best for America.
... and Engel, J. (2007). Consumer Behaviour An Asia Pacific Approach. Australia: Nelson Australia Pty Limited. 172.
Mooij, M.de. (2004). Consumer Behavior and Culture, Sage Publications, Page 102, Page 119, Page 274, Page 275
A traditional analysis gives a mistakenly high value to dollars in the future, money in the future is given the same value as money today; but in reality, money in the fu...
Economics is probably the science that arguably has had the most impact in today’s times. In fact it can barely be called a science in a strict sense, since human behavior is not governed by laws of nature unlike other non living objects, which makes the prediction and forecasting stock prices, economic conditions all the more difficult. In recent decades economists have tried to give a more structured and mathematical explanation to their theories concerning how human beings make their decisions. However these theories have come under immense criticism as they don’t hold true in real time. In reality, human beings rarely behave rationally which is the basic assumption in many of the economic theories; rather we make a lot of our decisions based on our intuition and limited knowledge available to us. When the financial crisis of 2008 came upon us, a lot of questions were raised on the apparent predictive abilities of the various economic theories. Merely 12 economists were able to foresee the massive crisis which now shows signs of deepening into a double dip recession.
Warwick J. McKibbin, and Andrew Stoeckel. “The Global Financial Crisis: Causes and Consequences.” Lowy Institute for International Policy 2.09 (2009): 1. PDF file.