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Classical conditioning research paper
Classical conditioning research paper
4 basic principles of classical conditioning
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Classical Conditioning (Video example) 1. What was the unconditioned stimulus? The unconditional stimulus in this example was the instructor asking a student who was close to the light switch to turn off the lights when a video link was displayed on the screen. 2. What was the unconditioned response? The unconditional response in this example was the student turning off the lights in classroom. The student saw the video link and naturally responded, despite the instructor not asking the student to turn the lights off at that moment. 3. What was the conditioned stimulus? The conditioned response was the video link. 4. What was the conditioned response? The student turning off the lights. The students seen the video link and expect a video
The study was set up as a "blind experiment" to capture if and when a person will stop inflicting pain on another as they are explicitly commanded to continue. The participants of this experiment included two willing individuals: a teacher and a learner. The teacher being the real subject and the learner is merely an actor. Both were told that they would be involved in a study that tests the effects of punishment on learning. The learner was strapped into a chair that resembles a miniature electric chair, and was told he would have to learn a small list of word pairs. For each incorrect answer he would be given electric shocks of increasing intensity ranging from 15 to 450 volts. The experimenter informed the teacher's job was to administer the shocks. The...
The learners were a part of Milgram’s study and were taken into a room with electrodes attached to their arms. The teachers were to ask questions to the learners and if they answered incorrectly, they were to receive a 15-450 voltage electrical shock. Although the learners were not actually shocked, the teachers believed they were inflicting real harm on these innocent people.... ... middle of paper ...
When Antonio was seven years old, he had a very bad flu and was hospitalized. He was able to recover without complications, but he noticed that whenever he drove by the hospital he was treated at that he would start to feel sick to his stomach.Unconditioned stimulus in Antonio's case was initially the hospital. The unconditioned response to being at the hospital was he didn't feel well. Then the Hospital became the conditioned response by making Antonio feel sick when he had to visit or drive by the hospital. It is because he associated the hospital (CS) with feeling ill. The hospital where he was treated for the sickness is the conditioned stimulus (CS), causing him to remember what occurred and inducing his stomach to hurt (CR) which is an conditioned response. This is an example of classical
The audience acquires a natural motherly instinct wanting to help, but knowing they can’t, they feel hopeless. This is reinforced with the voiceover of the teacher screaming “under the tables kids, heads under the tables”. A small bomb is then thrown by the two killers, Moore uses sound to further seize the viewers attention. As the
Joshua Klein’s experiment relates to the topic of operant conditioning that we learned in our class. According to Behavior Analysis and Learning, Operant conditioning is an increase or decrease in operant response as a function of the consequences that have followed the response. In Klein’s case, we want the behavior of picking up coins and putting it in the vending machine to increase. He uses the peanuts as reinforcement for the operant response.
The real focus of the experiment is the teacher. He will be in charge of a shock generator. The teacher does not know that the learner, supposedly the victim, is actually an actor who receives no shock whatsoever. Again this experiment is to see if the teacher proceeds with the shocks that are ordered to inflict increasing pain on a protesting victim.
Reece & Walker states the behaviourism is teacher centred and relies upon the expectation of the provision of a stimulus to produce a response however, ‘students are often seen as passive’. Therefore, without a stimulus there would be no response and is only visible externally. The teacher provides the stimulus for a response to occur, resulting in a change of behaviour that can be measured.
In behaviorist terms, the lab assistant was originally a neutral stimulus, it produced no response. What had happened was that the neutral stimulus (the lab assistant) had become associated with an unconditioned stimulus (food).In his experiment, Pavlov used a bell as his neutral stimulus. Whenever he gave food to his dogs, he also rang a bell. After a number of repeats of this procedure, he tried the bell on its own. The bell on its own started to cause an increase in salivation.
given. Not confronting what we know is wrong because the professor tells us it is right.
increases in the setting where the stimulus is received contingently even though it is being received non-contingently in the other setting, it is assumed to be an effective reinforcer. One benefit of the study is that it can identify in which settings or conditions a particular stimulus may be reinforcing. A risk of this schedule is that it is not known whether the effectiveness of the stimuli will generalize to other settings and conditions. This assessment also does not evaluate the effectiveness of the reinforcer when the response demands increase.
A neutral stimulus is a stimulus that does not produce an automatic response. In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus turns into a conditioned stimulus. To understand this better, let's look at an example.
To explain the neutral stimulus (NS) is a condition that without any being followed by a response. A stimulus that comes together with another stimulus to produce a reaction. For example, a (NS) can be a person, object, place, however, either or would bring a change to affect the behavior of another, with the activity of something else happening to make a response (McLeod, 2014). The nucleus stimulus alone will not produce a reaction. In other words, a bottle of perfume sitting on the cabinet, the perfume will be noted as a (NS), unless someone spray the scented bottle it will not produce any effects. Therefore, the unconditioned response is brought forth to help provide an unconditioned response.
When using this method Tara included activities that involved MLU matching, balance/turn taking, and vocab review with signs. Five of the activities included gold fish, cars, bubbles, and eggs. During the goldfish activity Tara was testing D’s frustration level. She reinforced him with goldfish after he signed “eat.” D started to cry because he was receiving only one goldfish at a time. Eventually Tara and his mom gave him the whole bag of goldfish. In the next activity, Jessica and D’s mom said what they wanted through signing and speaking simultaneously (example: car please) and they waited for D to respond. D didn’t give Jessica and his mom the car right away but he did demonstrate joint attention between the car and the two of them. When he eventually signed car they used positive reinforcement by clapping and saying, “yay D.” After D signed car D’s mom asked if he wanted another toy, but he requested the car. D’s mom didn’t ask if he wanted the car, but she still gave it to him because he used spontaneous language. Positive reinforcement was demonstrated because he spoke spontaneously. In the fourth activity D’s mom said “more bubbles?” and D said “please.” D was really engaged in this activity, which led to his mom not having to instruct him as
My operant conditioning experiment I conducted on my little brother had modified his behaviour, however, not to what I expected. Firstly, I gained increased obedience, but not to the degree I was aiming for, which was how a dog would listen to a command with no resistance asked. I believe that a lack of time conducted on this experiment was the reason why I did not receive the level of obedience I aimed for. Secondly, he didn’t exactly close the laptop as to when I came back from the home, largely due to the fact that there was a flaw with the experiment that required me to yell. My parents or anyone in the house besides my little brother would shout at me for yelling, and would proceed to tell me to not yell in the house. Finally, I highly
Verbal behavior is subject to stimulus control because the likelihood of that response occurring is based on the circumstances surrounding that response and the past consequences surrounding that individual’s learning history.